DNA-based qualitative and quantitative identification of bovine whey powder in goat dairy products

As one of the main ingredients in some milk powders, whey powder is sometimes added to pure goat milk products, which can cause health risks, economic fraud, and unfair competition of food industries. This study is the first to explore qualitative and quantitative methods to identify adulteration of bovine whey powder in goat dairy products based on DNA. We extracted DNA from whey powder using a modified DNA extraction method; this exhibited good quality and integrity, with purity of 1.53 to 1.75 and concentration of 122 to 179 ng/μL. Conventional PCR and real-time PCR were compared for qualitative detection of bovine whey powder; real-time PCR demonstrated sensitivity of 0.01 ng/μL, which was higher than the 0.05 ng/μL detected by the conventional PCR method. Furthermore, real-time PCR was conducted for DNA quantitative detection, with good linearity (R² = 0.9858) obtained for bovine whey powder contents from 0.1% to 30%. Relative error decreased with increase of the mixing proportion of whey powder; the coefficient of variation above 0.1% of the mixing ratio was close to or less than 5%; and the relative standard deviation of repeatability results was less than 5%. Considering the economic costs of testing, conventional PCR could be performed first, and samples with obvious intentional adulteration detected can be further accurately quantified by real-time PCR. Overall, this research provides a realistic and effective method for qualitative and quantitative identification of bovine whey powder in goat dairy products, thus laying a good foundation for verification of goat dairy product label claims and industrial control.     

4种方法提取牛肉干DNA的效果比较

目的探求熟肉干制品最佳的DNA提取方案。方法采用4种不同的方法:CTAB法及3种市售试剂盒法,提取11种不同牛肉干样品的DNA,通过对方法的提取耗时,提取DNA的质量及提取DNA用于实时荧光PCR扩增的效果3方面进行比较。结果 TAKARA试剂盒法提取DNA耗时最短仅需要0.5 h,OMEGA试剂盒法提取的DNA的纯度较好,A 260/A 280比值最接近1.8,Tiangen的深加工食品DNA提取试剂盒法提取的DNA做实时荧光PCR的CT值最小,扩增效果最佳。结论 Tiangen试剂盒法对于熟肉干制品DNA的提取效果更为理想。     

PCR 检测牛乳中大肠杆菌基因组DNA 的提取方法

为获得一种适于牛乳样品大肠杆菌PCR 检测的基因组DNA 提取方法,对饱和酚法、CTAB 法、试剂盒法及溶剂裂解法等4 种提取方法加以比较,通过考察DNA 的纯度、定量分析以及PCR 分析,确定一套有效、快速、适合牛乳中提取大肠杆菌的基因组DNA 方法--溶剂热裂解法。结果显示该方法提取的DNA 模板,适于PCR扩增大肠杆菌DNA,可以用于牛乳中的大肠杆菌检测。     

DNA 提取方法对实时荧光定量 PCR 检测花生过敏原 Ara h 2 基因的比较研究

目前,食物过敏是一个世界性的公共卫生问题,其中花生过敏最为严重。基于DNA的分子生物学检测方法目前已广泛应用于花生过敏原检测,样品DNA的提取质量会显著影响检测的灵敏度及准确率。本研究比较了5种DNA提取方法,包括十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB）法、柱式法及3种基于磁珠纯化技术的DNA快速提取法,对生花生、煮花生、炸花生、烤花生、花生酥和花生酱6种不同加工方式的花生基质样品进行DNA提取,考察了不同方法获得的DNA浓度、纯度指标,并采用实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR）对花生过敏原Ara h 2基因进行了检测分析。结果表明,月桂酰肌氨酸钠（Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosine）磁珠法（简称SLS磁珠法）的适用性广、提取率高,对于6种花生基质提取的DNA均能高效检出花生过敏原Ara h 2基因;对于花生含量为0.05%～1.00%的小麦粉二元混合物,SLS磁珠法的DNA提取率总体优于CTAB法,并且能有效提取出与花生共用一条生产线的燕麦片中污染的花生DNA,证实SLS磁珠法提取的实际样品DNA能够满足花生过敏原检测目的。本研究为花生及其制品DNA提取方法提供了参考,特别是磁珠类方法,高效快速,提取质量能够保障后续基于DNA的花生过敏原分子生物学方法检测结果的准确性。     

磁珠法提取植物蛋白饮料DNA

目的 建立一种快速、高效的植物蛋白饮料基因组DNA提取方法并应用于植物蛋白饮料中植物源性成分的检测。方法 以豆浆、豆奶、芝麻糊、花生牛奶、榛子乳5种植物蛋白饮料为研究对象, 建立利用硅羟基磁珠提取植物蛋白饮料DNA的方法, 通过分析所提取DNA的浓度和纯度, 实时荧光PCR扩增效率, 并与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法(cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide, CTAB)比较, 综合评价磁珠法提取植物蛋白饮料的效果。结果 大部分样品磁珠法提取的DNA浓度比CTAB法高, ODA260/A280均大于1.70。 结论 磁珠法提取的DNA纯度较高, 杂质少, 能满足植物蛋白饮料源性成分的分析要求, 尤其适用于大豆类蛋白饮料的DNA提取, 为快速、高效获取质量好的植物蛋白饮料基因组DNA提供参考。     

PCR法检测大豆加工食品中的转基因成分

通过分子生物学手段,以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术为基础,建立了检测大豆加工食品中转基因成分的方法。实验分别采用CTAB法和试剂盒(Kit)法对大豆锅巴、豆浆、豆奶粉、豆腐、豆腐丝等五种大豆加工食品中的DNA进行了提取,用内标基因Lectin对此两种方法的提取效果进行了比较,并以提取的DNA为模板,利用不同的引物分别对目标基因35S和NOS进行了PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果表明:Kit法的DNA提取效果优于改良CTAB法,上述五种大豆加工食品中均检测出35S启动子和NOS终止子,且均含有转基因成分。     

Novel extraction method of genomic DNA suitable for long-fragment amplification from small amounts of milk

Isolation of genomic DNA is a prerequisite for assessment of milk quality. As a source of genomic DNA, milk somatic cells from milking ruminants are practical, animal friendly, and cost-effective sources. Extracting DNA from milk can avoid the stress response caused by blood and tissue sampling of cows. In this study, we optimized a novel DNA extraction method for amplifying long (>1,000 bp) DNA fragments and used it to evaluate the isolation of DNA from small amounts of milk. The techniques used for the separation of milk somatic cell were explored and combined with a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol method for optimizing DNA extraction from milk. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration and purity of the extracted DNA. Gel electrophoresis and DNA amplification technologies were used for to determine DNA size and quality. The DNA of 112 cows was obtained from milk (samples of 13 ± 1 mL) and the corresponding optical density ratios at 260:280 nm were between 1.65 and 1.75. Concentrations were between 12 and 45 μg/μL and DNA size and quality were acceptable. The specific PCR amplification of 1,019- and 729-bp bovine DNA fragments was successfully carried out. This novel method can be used as a practical, fast, and economical mean for long genomic DNA extraction from a small amount of milk.     

植物源食品DNA制备方法的比较研究

目的：探索可用作PCR方法检测和鉴定植物源转基因食品模板的DNA抽提方法。方法：分别用改良CTAB法、SDS法制备黄豆、玉米、土豆和番茄及其加工产品的DNA，PCR扩增叶绿体基因片段及黄豆、玉米的内参照基因lectin和zein10。结果：改良CTAB法所得DNA作为PCR扩增模板，叶绿体基因片段及lectin和zein10均呈阳性，SDS法所得DNA作为模板时，部分样品内参照基因lectin或zein10扩增阴性。结论：PCR方法检测转基因食品时，应用改良CTAB法制备DNA模板。     

不同核酸提取方法用于多重荧光PCR法检测3种混合熟肉的比较分析

目的 探讨不同核酸提取方法以及蒸、煮、烤烹饪方式制作的混合熟肉制品的多重荧光定量PCR检测结果之间的差异。方法 用3种不同的提取方法：抽提法、离心柱法及磁珠法,提取经过蒸、煮、烤烹饪方式制作的牛、鸡、猪、鸭混合样品的DNA,通过对不同方法提取DNA的质量及提取DNA用于多重荧光PCR检测的效果方面进行比较。结果 三种方法提取DNA的浓度及纯度无明显差别,磁珠法提取的混合样品DNA进行多重实时荧光PCR检测的Ct值最小,扩增效果最佳。结论 该研究中磁珠法提取熟肉制品DNA的检测效果更为理想。     

食用植物油DNA提取方法的优化

目的建立可从不同种类食用植物油中提取得到高质量的、可用于分子生物学检测的DNA的提取方法。方法使用2种改进十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB)和2种商用试剂盒提取6种食用植物油的DNA,通过紫外分光光度计检测所得DNA样品的浓度和纯度。设计特异性引物,并通过普通聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测DNA样品是否可用于分子生物学分析。结果使用改良CTAB法1及2种商业试剂盒无法有效提取得到的6种食用植物油的DNA,样品无法满足分子生物学检测的需要,使用改良CTAB法2提取得到的6种食用植物油DNA纯度和浓度检测结果均为最佳,其提取的橄榄油、菜籽油、花生油DNA样品可用于后续实时荧光定量PCR检测。结论该方法可为橄榄油、菜籽油、花生油DNA提取提供有效手段,为食用植物油检测和研究奠定基础。     

不同食品加工方式对提取鮟鱇鱼肉DNA的影响

目的研究不同食品加工方式对提取鮟鮟鱼肉DNA的影响。方法以实时荧光PCR方法检测鮟鮟鱼成分标准为例,采取水煮、微波、油炸3种处理方式,选用试剂盒提取DNA,利用核酸蛋白测定仪测定其在260 nm、280 nm处的吸光度,通过A260来计算核酸浓度,A260/A280来评估核酸的纯度。以提取的DNA为模板,进行实时荧光PCR扩增。通过Ct值判断不同加工方式对实时荧光PCR结果的影响。结果水煮、微波、油炸3种加工方式中,油炸对DNA的影响最明显,当在高温下油炸时间过久会导致鱼肉焦糖化反应及蛋白质变性严重,变成具有一定孔隙的焦状物,此时鱼肉在提取DNA的过程中难以消化,造成DNA提取量少,最终导致实时荧光PCR结果假阴性。而水煮、微波两种加工方式即使处理时间过久也没有对实时荧光PCR结果产生明显影响。结论在鱼制品使用实时荧光PCR方法检测时,应充分考虑加工方式对鱼制品DNA的影响。     

Development of a rapid mitochondrial DNA extraction method for species identification in milk and milk products

Isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from milk offers an effective way to monitor aspects of quality control and traceability to ensure food safety. A few methods of DNA isolation from milk have been reported, but many of them are time consuming and expensive. Here, we report a rapid, simple, and efficient method of mtDNA extraction from raw and processed milk (pasteurized, retorted, and UHT milk) to generate substrate for analysis using any PCR analysis platform. Various techniques used for the separation of mitochondria were explored and combined with a sodium dodecyl sulfate method for mtDNA extraction from raw and processed milk. The optimized protocol supports the efficient amplification of mtDNA independent of sample origin and is sufficiently straightforward to allow its widespread adoption by industry.     

食用大豆油中转基因成分的检测

食用油脂中转基因成分的检测是当前食品检验工作的一个主要方面。针对食用油脂中DNA含量极低、DNA序列片段短、破坏严重的特点,建立了食用油脂中DNA提取方法,通过实时荧光PCR可检测出大豆内源基因(Lectin)以及外源抗除草剂基因EPSPS,为食用油脂进行核酸类生物性检测提供了一种简捷有效的方法。     

实时荧光P C R 在鉴别奶粉中掺入大豆成分的应用研究

首次利用实时荧光PCR 方法,以大豆内源参照基因lectin 为指标,对奶粉中掺入豆粉等植物成分进行定性、定量分析研究。结果表明,通过正己烷抽提奶粉中的油脂,苯酚抽提奶粉中的蛋白质等处理步骤后,应用植物基因组DNA 提取试剂盒能够得到高质量的DNA 模板。实时荧光PCR 反应结果表明,该方法判定奶粉中掺入植物成分的灵敏度大大提高;奶粉中掺入大豆粉或大豆制品的掺入量与实时荧光PCR扩增曲线及循环数呈良好的对应关系。实时荧光PCR 法能够对奶粉中掺入的植物成分进行快速准确地定性、定量分析,可以作为市场监督和检验鉴定的可行性方法。     

一种蚜茧蜂基因组DNA提取方法

为有效获得蚜茧蜂基因组DNA,并保留其虫体做形态鉴定。本文对常规试剂盒提取方法（柱离心法）进行改进,采用穿刺法提取7种蚜茧蜂的基因组DNA,同时以研磨法提取4种常见蚜茧蜂成虫基因组DNA做对照,比较两种方法提取的基因组DNA的纯度和产量,并通过线粒体COI基因序列扩增进行验证。结果表明:穿刺法能从单头蚜茧蜂中提取DNA而不影响形态鉴定。该方法提取的DNA产物产量在29~55 ng/μL,提取物的OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀在1.51~1.91,可以稳定地进行线粒体COI基因序列扩增,PCR扩增条带清晰完整。      

Comparison of DNA quality in raw and reconstituted milk during sterilization

Responses to milk sterilization are usually evaluated only in terms of physicochemical properties and microbial safety, thus undervaluing the importance of DNA quality in an authentication process by methods based on PCR. Because DNA is a heat-sensitive molecule, we hypothesized that the heating process may impair the detection or quantification of DNA in raw fresh milk (FM) or reconstituted milk (RM), and that differences in DNA quality might exist between FM and RM. We thus investigated the effects of sterilization on the quality of DNA extracted from FM or RM; differences in DNA quality between FM and RM were also evaluated. The quality of extracted DNA from FM or RM was assessed by the specific detection of FM or RM composition in goat milk mixtures using primers targeting the bovine 12S gene, as well as by monitoring DNA yield, purity, ratio of mitochondrial (mt) to nuclear (n) DNA, and the level of DNA degradation. Polymerase chain reaction readily detected both untreated and heat-treated FM or RM in cow-goat milk mixtures, and gave a good sensitivity threshold (0.1%) under all sterilization conditions. The DNA yield and mtDNA:nDNA ratio of FM and RM varied significantly during the sterilization process. These results demonstrated that the sterilization altered the quantification of DNA in FM or RM during sterilization, but DNA could still be readily detected in sterilized FM or RM by PCR. Furthermore, we noted significant differences in DNA integrity, yield, and mtDNA:nDNA ratio between FM and RM during sterilization, which may have potential as a means to distinguish FM and RM.     

Evaluation of molecular methods for the detection of Brucella species in water buffalo milk

Brucellosis is a highly infectious disease affecting both animals and humans. The current standard tools for the diagnosis of this bacterial infection are serological and microbiological. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of molecular assays as diagnostic tools for the detection of Brucella spp. in water buffalo milk. For this purpose, we first compared different DNA extraction protocols and PCR methods on artificially spiked milk samples. The most sensitive methods were then used to examine milk from serologically positive and negative water buffaloes. Molecular results were compared with serological and bacteriological test results. Milk samples from 53 Brucella seropositive buffaloes (by either rose Bengal or complement fixation test) were positive by ELISA, 37 were positive by culture, 33 were positive by PCR, and 35 were positive by real-time PCR. Of the 37 culture-positive samples, a total of 25 and 26 were positive by PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Of the 16 culture-negative samples, 8 were positive by PCR and 9 by real-time PCR. Thus, although culture showed greater sensitivity than PCR, some animals found positive by serological methods and PCR tested negative by milk culture. The combined use of bacteriological and molecular tools increased the number of positive samples to 46. In conclusion, these results suggest that the simultaneous application of these 2 direct detection methods (culture and PCR) could be more useful than one test alone for the diagnosis of Brucella spp. in buffalo milk.     

植物源性食品DNA提取方法的建立及几种方法比较

以大豆和马铃薯植物源性食品为研究对象,比较了研究所建立的基于磁珠的DNA提取方法、3种商品试剂盒法和传统CTAB法共5种方法提取各种食品基因组DNA的效果;通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分析法、定性PCR和实时荧光定量PCR法对所提取的DNA进行检测,比较所得DNA的浓度和纯度,以及对下游检测的适用性。结果表明,与其他几种提取方法相比,研究所建立的方法提取到的DNA浓度稍低,但纯度较高,而且对于豆油和淀粉样品,可很好地提取到基因组片段,满足后续PCR检测要求。     

用于PCR检测的乳品中金黄色葡萄球菌DNA提取方法比较研究

比较了乳品中金黄色葡萄球菌DNA的6种提取方法的效果,确定了一种可有效从乳品中提取金黄色葡萄球菌DNA的方法。该方法无需对样品进行增菌,可直接从乳品中提取金黄色葡萄球菌DNA,作为模板进行PCR检测,检测效果良好,对UHT全脂乳、脱脂乳和奶酪的最低检出限分别为10、10CFU/mL和55CFU/g。     

一种适用于乳制品基因组DNA快速提取方法的研究

目的对比NaOH裂解法、PBS裂解法以及直接煮沸法3种方法提取乳制品中核酸的提取效果,优化提取条件,确定一种更适用于现场检测、简便快速的的乳制品DNA快速提取技术。方法以牛奶、水牛奶、牦牛奶、羊奶、骆驼奶、以及驴奶6种常见的乳制品为材料,分别用NaOH裂解法、PBS裂解法以及直接煮沸法3种提取方法提取乳制品中的DNA,并根据裂解液用量和裂解时间进行优化,通过PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,检测DNA提取的质量和灵敏度。结果 NaOH裂解法能够提取所有物种的乳制品DNA,而且可以在最佳裂解条件下提取模拟掺假混合乳的DNA进行检测,发现其检测限能达到1%的牛奶含量。结论该方法取样量小,成本低,在15 min内即可完成快速提取,为实验室乳制品DNA定性或定量鉴别,以及乳制品的现场掺假鉴别提供了一种快速灵敏低成本的样品前处理技术。