Multitoxin evaluation in fermented beverages and cork stoppers by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A total of twenty‐eight mycotoxins were surveyed in wine (red, white and rose), cider (white and rose) and their cork stoppers from eight countries. Toxins of different fungi genera were detected as follows: Alternaria (ATs: alternariol – AOH; alternariol methyl – AME) and Penicillium/Aspergillus (ochratoxin A – OTA; penicillic acid – PAC). Toxins and levels varied with the sample types and country of origin. Wine presented contamination of OTA, AOH and AME. OTA was detected in forty‐one wine samples with levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.86 μg L^?1, below EU legislation. AOH and AME were detected in thirty‐three and eight of wines samples, respectively, at levels from 0.2 to 13.3 μg L^?1, while no contamination was detected in ciders up to the method LOQs. Regarding the cork stoppers toxins detected, they were AOH, AME and PAC. Corks of red wine from different countries had levels of OAH and AME ranging from 5.0 to 101.0 and 2.5 to 5 μg g^?1, respectively. It is necessary to pay more attention on the corks processing and cork type used in the bottles as, different from the ordinary ones, the ground bark and compressed type did not have toxins detected.     

水果中噻虫嗪农药残留LC/MS/MS测定

目的建立一种简单、快速、灵敏的水果中噻虫嗪农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法称取水果样品5 g,加入乙腈20 m L在超声波振荡条件下提取,提取液使用20 mg石墨化炭黑(Carb)和60 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)粉末进行分散固相萃取净化,经液相色谱质谱联用仪检测,外标法定量。结果噻虫嗪农药残留的色谱图分离效果良好,方法的检出限为0.3μg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9999,噻虫嗪在苹果、梨、桃中的添加水平为0.01、0.05、0.10 mg/kg,回收试验表明该方法平均回收率为88.9%~100.3%(n=6),相对标准偏差为1.98%~4.53%。结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏、净化效果好、回收率高,适合水果中噻虫嗪农药残留的检测和安全监控。     

Determination of genotoxic phenylhydrazine agaritine in mushrooms using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A new method with good sensitivity and specificity for detecting and quantifying genotoxic hydrazines, agaritine and 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine (HMPH), was developed using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Synthetic agaritine and HMPH were structurally assigned by ¹H-, ¹³C- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis (HMBC and HMQC), high-resolution fast-atom bombardment (HR-FAB) MS and time of flight (TOF) MS. The polar molecule agaritine was separated on an ODS column using 0.01% AcOH-MeOH (99:1, v/v) as an eluent with a simple solid-phase extraction cleanup. There were no interference peaks for any of the mushrooms. Agaricus spp. contained 1247 and 2017 µg g^-1 agaritine. Other species of mushroom had no agaritine. Recoveries of agaritine from spiked mushroom samples were 60.3-114%. Intra-day precision values were 5.5 and 4.2%, and the inter-day precision values were acceptable (15.0 and 23.0%), as agaritine is unstable. The limit of quantification was 0.003 µg g^-1. Even a trace amount of agaritine in mushrooms can, therefore, be determined using this method. We also directly analysed HMPH, an active free hydrazine form of genotoxic agaritine, and obtained direct evidence of its absence from mushrooms. A precursor ion scan confirmed that agaritine derivatives, which could exert similar toxicity, were absent. The results indicate that this specific and sensitive analytical method for detecting and quantifying agaritine and its derivatives could help evaluate the risk of mushroom hydrazines to humans.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定牛奶中地塞米松残留量

目的建立高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速有效检测牛奶中地塞米松残留量的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取,正己烷萃取去除杂质后,取乙腈层旋转蒸发至近干,用20%乙腈水溶液溶解后,经C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲醇-水(9:1,V:V)为流动相,应用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪在电喷雾负离子模式(electron spray ionization,ESI-)下采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)方式对牛奶中地塞米松进行定性及定量分析。结果地塞米松在5～100 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.19μg/kg(S/N=3),不同水平的加标回收率在85%～107.2%之间,相对标准偏差在0.84%～1.22%之间(n=3)。结论该方法具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏的特点,适用于牛奶中地塞米松残留量的分析检测,可用于日常大批量快速筛查工作,有效提高日常工作效率。     

Surveillance study of novobiocin and phenylbutazone residues in raw bovine milk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple method permitting the simultaneous determination of trace residues of novobiocin and phenylbutazone in raw milk samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Raw milk samples were mixed with acetonitrile to facilitate the concurrent precipitation of milk proteins and extraction of both veterinary drugs. Without additional clean-up or concentration of the resulting extract, the analytes could be quantified at concentrations as low as 0.0025 and 0.001 µg ml^?1 for phenylbutazone and novobiocin, respectively. The analysis of a series of fortified raw milk samples at analyte concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.1 µg ml^?1 and from 0.01 to 0.2 µg ml^?1 for phenylbutazone and novobiocin, respectively, yielded average recoveries ranging from 89.2% to 104.3% with standard deviations below 7%. The analytical method was applied to the analysis of raw milk samples collected from transport trucks upon delivery at dairy-processing plants throughout Alberta, Canada. Novobiocin was detected in 13 of 1072 samples tested at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.007 µg ml^?1. Phenylbutazone was not detected in any of the samples tested.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定谷物中的总烟酸

建立一种快速、准确的测定谷物中总烟酸含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品加入烟酸-D4同位素内标校正,经氢氧化钠水解,采用HLB固相萃取柱净化后,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用HSS T3液相色谱柱分离,正离子MRM模式进行定性定量分析。实验结果表明,烟酸在0.1²00 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.999。线性范围内,平均加标回收率为99.3%¹02.6%,相对标准偏差在4.24%⁴.74%。仪器的检出限为0.04 ng/m L,定量限为0.1 ng/m L。该方法具有灵敏度高、重现性好、分析时间短等优点,可以为谷物中总烟酸含量的测定提供技术支持。      

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定原料乳和液体乳中三聚氰胺和舒巴坦

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定原料乳和液体乳中三聚氰胺和舒巴坦的分析方法。试样采用2%乙酸水溶液提取,经乙腈沉淀蛋白,以乙腈-乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经Acquity UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱分离后,采用多反应监测（MRM）扫描,外标法定量。三聚氰胺定量下限为10μg/kg,加标回收率为85.4%¹02.5%,相对标准偏差为3.10%⁶.55%。舒巴坦检定量下限为1.0μg/kg,加标回收率为86.1%¹04.3%,相对标准偏差为2.35%⁵.37%。该方法前处理简便快捷,灵敏度高,回收率和重现性良好,适用于原料乳和液体乳中三聚氰胺和舒巴坦的测定。      

Determining Neu5Ac in infant formula with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of this work was to measure N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in milk‐based infant formulas. The analysis was performed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The total Neu5Ac were released using trichloroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid and purified using a HLB column. The linearity from 0.05 to 5.0 μg/mg Neu5Ac was adequate. Sialic acid recoveries ranged from 91.8% to 112.4%. The detection and quantification limits (limit of detection, 0.01 μg Neu5Ac/mg; limit of quantitation, 1.08 μg Neu5Ac/mg) were low enough to determine the sialic acid in infant formulas. The validated method is highly reproducible and sensitive, and it is easy to perform.     

Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk by triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and reliable method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with an electrospray-positive ionization method was developed for the determination of aflatoxin M₁ in milk. This method includes simple extraction of the sample with acetonitrile by ultrasonic, separation on an MGIII-C₁₈ column using 0.01% formic acid buffer/acetonitrile (60 : 40, v/v) as mobile phase, and MS/MS detection using multiple reaction-monitoring mode. Average recoveries of aflatoxin M₁ from spiked samples at concentrations of 0.02 and 1 ng ml^?1 ranged from 77% to 94%, with a 6% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.006 and 0.02 ng ml^?1, respectively. The standard curve was linear between 0.02 and 20.0 ng ml^?1. The recommended method is simple, rapid, specific and reliable for the routine monitoring of aflatoxin M₁ in milk.     

HPLC-MS/MS测定生乳中L-羟脯氨酸的不确定度评定

参照SN/T 3929—2014《出口食品中L-羟脯氨酸的测定》,对乳制品中L-羟脯氨酸的含量不确定度进行评定。根据JJF 1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和CNAS—GL006:2019《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》两个现行有效的标准中不确定度评定的基本程序,建立数学模型,分析高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定乳制品中L羟脯氨酸含量过程中引入的各测量不确定度分量,计算得到测量结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。评定结果表明,对结果的影响最大的不确定度分量为拟合标准工作曲线,其次是测量重复性引起的不确定度,试样称量的不确定度对结果的影响最小。评定结果可以对分析检测结果的准确程度和方法的可靠性研究提供参考。     

Determination of steroid hormones in bovine milk by LC-MS/MS and their levels in Swiss Holstein cow milk

Synthetic and natural steroid hormones have attracted some attention in recent years as endocrine active substances (EAS) that interact or interfere with the endocrine system. Endogenous hormones occur naturally in food of animal origin, among which bovine milk represents an important source. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of steroid hormones (oestrogens, androgens, progestogens and glucocorticoids) in cow’s milk samples from three farms in Switzerland. An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of 12 hormones in milk. Some hormonal levels from individual cows showed large variations. The average levels of the hormones analysed (17α-estradiol = 31 ng kg^–1, 17β-estradiol = 6 ng kg^–1, estrone = 159 ng kg^–1, 4-androstenedione = 684 ng kg^–1, progesterone = 15486 ng kg^–1, 17-hydroxyprogesterone = 214 ng kg^–1, cortisone = 112 ng kg^–1, and cortisol = 235 ng kg^–1) were comparable with literature data. Estriol, testosterone and androstenediols were not detected at their respective limit of quantification. No significant differences of hormonal content among milk from cows at different lactation/calving numbers were evidenced, except for progesterone and 4-androstenedione. Due to confounding parameters linked to the physiological stage of the animal, like pregnancy and gestational stage (pregnancy trimester), the causal correlation between the variation of the levels for these two hormones and the lactation/calving number could not be unambiguously demonstrated.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中强力霉素残留的不确定度评估

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对牛奶中强力霉素残留的不确定度进行评估。方法测定牛奶中的强力霉素,建立该方法测定牛奶中强力霉素含量不确定度的数学模型,确定不确定度来源并对其评定。结果当牛奶中强力霉素含量为0.052μg/g时,其扩展不确定度为0.0056μg/g(k=2)。其中,测量重复性和标准曲线对不确定度的影响最大。结论通过采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中强力霉素含量应严格控制实验条件,保证实验具有良好的重复性,另外还要保证标准曲线具有良好的线性。     

Triacylglycerol analysis of pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.) oil by electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.) oil. The fatty acid composition was relatively simple; the oil contained approximately 442 and 517 g kg^?1 of palmitic and oleic acids respectively. Linoleic and stearic acids were found in much smaller amounts. The TAG composition of pequi oil is also relatively simple with trioleoyl glycerol (OOO, 56 g kg^?1), palmitoyl dioleoyl glycerol (POO, 466 g kg^?1) and dipalmitoyl oleoyl glycerol (POP, 452 g kg^?1) comprising 974 g kg^?1 of the total. Dioleoyl stearoyl glycerol (OOS) was found in small amounts (5.2 g kg^?1). All TAGs were identified via sodium adduct molecular ions [M + Na]⁺, where M is the TAG in question. Tandem mass analysis provided a very useful fragmentation pattern showing both sodium adduct diacylglycerol ions and diacylglycerol ions with the neutral loss of fatty acid residues. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考含量

建立超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的检测方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Oasis MCX小柱净化,用色谱柱WATERS ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(1.7um, 2.1mm*100mm)分离,同位素内标法定量。在优化条件下,该方法中氯霉素的最低检出限为0.05μg /kg,定量限为0.15μg /kg, 甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的最低检出限为0.1μg /kg,定量限为0.3μg /kg, 平均回收率为80.4~105.4%,相对标准偏差为2.8~8.4%。该方法灵敏度高、回收率好,具有良好的净化效果,提升检测效率,适用于液态奶中氯霉素、甲砜霉素和氟苯尼考的同时检测。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中三氮脒残留

目的 本研究旨在结合超高效液相色谱－串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立简便、快速的样品前处理方法,对牛奶中的痕量三氮脒残留进行检测。方法 用1%乙酸乙腈溶液振荡提取后,在-4℃条件下高速离心,取上清液旋转蒸干后,用10%乙腈水溶液复溶,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪在正离子扫描及多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下分析,外标法定量。结果 牛奶中三氮脒的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为5 μg/kg,定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)为15 μg/kg,在20~1000 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)为0.9993。将所研究的方法应用于实际牛奶样本中,其加标回收率在81.65%至85.49%之间,日内精密度分别在4.5%~5.5%,日间精密度在5.9%~8.2%之间。结论 本方法采用振荡提取加低温高速离心净化的前处理方法,简单快速,结合UPLC-MS/MS,可实现痕量水平残留的高灵敏度检测,适用于快速、高灵敏检测牛奶及其他动物源性食品中的三氮脒残留。