纳米碳管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融混合法合成了不同纳米碳管含量的纳米碳管/环氧树脂复合材料,测试了弯曲性能、冲击强度,并利用扫描电镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征,同时,针对纳米碳管对环氧树脂电学性能的影响做了初步研究。结果表明,当纳米碳管含量为0.05%时,纳米碳管/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度最高,弯曲强度提高100%,弯曲模量提高41%,冲击强度提高4倍,纳米碳管在环氧树脂基体中呈单根分散,纳米碳管使环氧树脂的体积电阻下降,导电性增加。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

以化学修饰法在多壁碳纳米管上成功接枝了四乙烯五胺,并用溶液共混法制备出多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料。使用电子拉力试验机、Agilent 4294A、差示扫描量热(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行研究。结果表明,修饰后的碳纳米管能均匀分散在基体中,添加经修饰后的碳管比添加原始碳管更能提高环氧树脂的力学强度、热稳定性和介电性能。当经修饰后的碳管质量分数为1.5%时拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加了84.3%和150%,玻璃化转变温度提高了32℃,复合材料的介电常数高达25.8。     

重氮盐电化学还原接枝法制备碳纳米管/碳纤维杂化增强体

为改善碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能,采用重氮化电接枝法制备碳纳米管/碳纤维杂化增强体。首先采用混酸处理碳纳米管,得到微纳米级长度、端帽切除、具有更多悬挂键和活性反应位点的碳纳米管;再以重氮盐的非质子溶剂溶液为电解液,通过重氮盐电化学接枝将处理的碳纳米管均匀接枝到碳纤维表面,成功制备了碳纳米管/碳纤维杂化增强体。所制备增强体与环氧树脂的浸润性明显改善,有望改善界面载荷传递性能,提高复合材料界面剪切强度。     

碳纳米管/聚砜纳米纤维增强增韧环氧树脂的研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备了碳纳米管/聚砜复合纳米纤维.由于碳纳米管的增强作用、聚砜的增韧作用以及聚砜纳米纤维良好的相容性,使得该复合纳米纤维对环氧树脂基体能够同时起到增强和增韧效果.应用透射和扫描电子显微镜表征了碳纳米管/聚砜复合纳米纤维的直径分布,通过测试拉伸和冲击性能分析了复合纳米纤维对环氧树脂的增强和增韧作用,对断裂表面微观形貌进行了观察,并测试了添加复合纳米纤维的环氧树脂动态力学性能.与环氧树脂基体相比,含3wt%CNTs的复合纳米纤维增强增韧环氧树脂的拉伸强度和模量分别提高13.9%和14.2%,冲击强度提高18.3%.     

多壁碳纳米管的化学修饰及其增强环氧树脂复合材料的性能

研究原生多壁碳纳米管和己二胺修饰的多壁碳纳米管分别对环氧树脂的增强作用。用SEM、FT-IR及XPS对修饰前后的碳纳米管进行的表征表明,所用的方法可以在碳纳米管的表面接上己二胺。研究发现,修饰后的碳纳米管比原生碳纳米管对环氧树脂有更明显的增强作用。修饰后的碳管含量为2%时,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度比纯环氧树脂分别提高79.7%、160.4%和188.2%。     

CF-CNTs多尺度增强体的制备及CF-CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维(CF)表面生长碳纳米管(CNTs),制备了CF-CNTs多尺度增强体,增强体与环氧树脂(EP)结合得到CF-CNTs/EP复合材料。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)等方法研究了不同CVD工艺参数对CF-CNTs多尺度增强体的影响,并研究了不同CVD时间对CFCNTs/EP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:沉积温度为500℃、沉积时间为10min、反应压力为0.02 MPa时,制备得到的多尺度增强体性能最好。CF-CNTs多尺度增强体较未生长CNTs的碳纤维与环氧树脂的浸润性明显提高。在CVD时间为10min时,所得CF-CNTs/EP复合材料的界面剪切强度(IFSS)最大可提高90.6%,层间剪切强度(ILSS)最大可提高24.4%。同时,在制备环氧树脂复合材料过程中碳纤维的不加捻与加捻相比,其ILSS提高了11.3%。     

三相环氧树脂纳米复合材料的制备及其性能分析

环氧树脂因韧性差而限制了其在高端领域的应用,为了改善环氧树脂的韧性同时改善环氧树脂的热稳定性,将长径比不同的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行酸化,对蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理,将MWNTs和MMT共掺杂环氧树脂通过溶液共混法制备三相环氧树脂纳米复合材料。结果表明,当碳纳米管质量分数为1%时,CMWNTs40-60/O-MMT/EP和C-MWNTs10-20/O-MMT/EP环氧树脂纳米复合材料的冲击强度比未改性的环氧树脂分别提高了107.1%、127.9%,热分解温度比未改性的环氧树脂高20℃、21℃,马丁耐热温度比未改性的环氧树脂高12.4℃、13.8℃。     

碳纳米管/环氧复合材料制备与性能研究

研究了碳纳米管管径、种类、含量以及偶联-三辊研磨-超声处理等工艺条件对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸强度和电性能的影响。研究结果表明:三辊研磨-超声联用是均匀分散碳纳米管简单而有效的方法。较低的碳纳米管添加量(0.8%～4%)能大幅度提高环氧树脂的剪切强度和导电性能,添加量为3%时,复合材料的综合性能最优,即剪切强度提高了55.19%,表面/体积电阻率下降了8～10个数量级。     

石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管协同增强环氧树脂复合材料的低温力学性能

为了提高环氧树脂的低温力学性能,采用石墨烯与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)协同改性环氧树脂,系统研究了石墨烯-MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料的室温(RT)和低温(77K)力学性能。结果表明:当石墨烯的质量分数为0.1wt%,MWCNTs的质量分数为0.5wt%时,纳米填料的加入可同时改善环氧树脂的低温拉伸强度、弹性模量和冲击强度;在此最佳含量下,石墨烯-MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料在RT和77K时的拉伸强度皆达到最大值,比纯环氧树脂的拉伸强度分别提高了11.04%和43.78%。石墨烯和MWCNTs能协同提高环氧树脂的低温力学性能。     

碳纳米管/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性处理,得到表面接枝1,3,5-苯三甲酸的碳纳米管(B-MWCNTs)。分别将MWCNTs和B-MWCNTs分散在环氧树脂基体及上浆剂中,通过缠绕成型法制备含有MWCNTs的碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料,并采用热压成型工艺制备MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板。结果表明,B-MWCNTs在环氧树脂基体和上浆剂中的分散状态明显优于MWCNTs。添加B-MWCNTs后复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和失重5%时对应的温度均有所提高。而且,添加B-MWCNTs可以明显提高碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。当MWCNTs含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,B-MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板的压缩强度、层间剪切强度和冲击后压缩强度(CAI)分别提高了14.3%,37.1%和23.4%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.