萃取色层分离ICP-AES测定医用同位素生产堆(MIPR)燃料纯化试验样品

阐述了用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定医用同位素生产堆(MIPR)燃料纯化试验中产生的各类样品的分析方法,研究了磷酸三丁脂(TBP)萃淋树脂分离含铀样品中大量基体铀的分离条件.结果表明,用TBP萃淋树脂分离含铀样品中大量基体铀的分离条件是:待分离样品的体系为3mol/L的HNO3,淋洗液为3mol/L HNO3和0.2mol/L H2C2O4混合溶液.添加元素Ce、Ru、Se、Sm、Sr、Zr分离回收率在93%～106%之间.     

UTEVA萃取色层分离超铀元素的性能研究

为建立快速、可靠的环境样品中超铀元素的分析方法,对UTEVA萃取色层树脂分离超铀元素的性能进行了研究。通过改变氧化还原条件、淋洗剂种类和浓度来探索UTEVA萃取色层树脂分离Am、Pu、Np和U的实验条件及分离效果,确定了以3 mol/L HNO3、1 mol/L HNO3-0.1 mol/L抗坏血酸、2 mol/L HCl-0.1 mol/L草酸、0.01 mol/L HNO3分别作为UTEVA树脂上Am、Pu、Np和U的淋洗剂,获得Am、Pu、Np和U的回收率分别为(93±1)%(、68±2)%(、44±3)%和(70±5)%(n=6),各核素间的去污因子为1×102~5×105。结果表明,用单个UTEVA萃取色层柱能够将Am、Pu、Np和U分离,并将此方法成功用于环境样品中Am、Pu、Np和U的分离。     

放射化学分离结合ICP-MS法测量土壤样品中钚的研究

建立了三正辛胺(TOA)萃取色层法快速分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP MS)法测量土壤样品中钚的方法.通过条件实验,确定了含钚样品上柱(色层柱的直径为3.5 mm)的最佳流速小于0.2 mL/min,用加热的0.02 mol/L H2C 2O4 0.16 mol/L HNO3洗脱色层柱上的钚,回收率为87.3%～96.8% ,同时研究了阴离子交换法对土壤样品中Pu的分离.两种分离方法均能有效地排除ICPMS测量钚含量时238U和基体的干扰,ICPMS测量239Pu的检测限为0.48 pg/mL(相当于1.1 mBq/mL).     

25分光光度法测定高放废液中的铀

高放废液调酸后，通过CL—TBP萃淋树脂分离柱（柱长，70mm；外径，10mm；流速，1．5～2．0mL／min），用15mL1．0mol／LHNO3淋洗分离柱，采用ICP-MS法测定流出液中Fe、Al、Ni、Cr、Mo等离子含量。用15mL蒸馏水洗脱树脂上吸附的U（Ⅵ），用分光光度法测定分离纯化后的样品中铀的含量，采用偶氮胂Ⅲ为显色剂，0．4mol／L氯乙酸-0．4mol／L氯乙酸钠为缓冲剂。     

四氟化铀中钍等二十三种杂质元素的测定

本工作采用体积比1∶1浓硝酸和过氧化氢(φ=30%)加热溶解四氟化铀(UF4)后,再用浓硝酸或浓盐酸反复溶解蒸干,去除氟离子。在3mol/L硝酸介质中,采用15mm×105mm CL-TBP萃淋树脂柱分离铀中杂质,收集第6—15mL淋洗液,用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测量。Al等22种元素回收率在97%~113%之间,除Al、Ca、Ba和Bi外其它元素相对标准偏差在5%以内(n=5)。在6mol/L盐酸介质中采用15mm×105mm CL-TBP萃淋树脂柱分离铀中Th,进行ICP-MS测量。Th回收率在91%~94%之间,相对标准偏差在5%以内(n=5),分析方法的检测下限为0.037μg/g(以UF4计)。     

AG-MP-1M在氢溴酸体系中分离镉的方法

Cd同位素质谱分析中存在的质谱干扰有¹¹⁰Pd、⁷⁰Zn⁴⁰Ar、⁹⁵Mo¹⁶O、¹¹²Sn、¹¹³In、¹¹⁴Sn和⁹⁸Mo¹⁶O等。因此在分析前应将Cd元素与产生干扰的其他元素分离,以避免测量过程中的质谱干扰。目前分离Cd的常用方法通常采用盐酸体系,分离过程中存在Sn与Cd分离困难的问题,操作步骤繁琐且淋洗体积大。针对上述问题,本工作开发了用阴离子树脂AG-MP-1M在氢溴酸体系中分离Cd的方法,采用混合酸消解的方法将样品消解完全后,用1 mL 0.25 mol/L的氢溴酸溶解样品并上柱,用3 mL 0.25 mol/L氢溴酸淋洗后可将绝大部分Sn、Zn、Mo等元素分离,然后用1 mL 2 mol/L盐酸和3 mL 0.5 mol/L盐酸淋洗Pb等其它元素,最后,用3 mL 0.002 mol/L盐酸解吸Cd。实验表明Cd回收率可达99.1%,且能将Sn、Zn、Mo等产生干扰的元素完全分开。采用此方法分离Cd总的淋洗体积为10 mL,和之前文献报道的方法相比大量减少了淋洗体积。该方法提高了Cd的分离效果,节约了实验流程时间,可用于Cd含量测试和Cd同位素测试的前处理工作中。     

时间分辨荧光法测定高放废液中的铀

采用时间分辨荧光法分析了高放废液中的铀含量。在2～3mol/L HNO3介质中,高放废液经30%TBP-加氢煤油(OK)萃取除去裂变产物和大量盐分后,用盐析剂4mol/L NaNO3-2mol/L HNO3洗涤有机相,最后用w=5%(NH4)2CO3溶液作为反萃剂反萃有机相中的铀,反萃水相在微量铀分析仪上测定铀含量。方法重加回收率为95%～101%,精密度低于2%。该方法已用于乏燃料后处理中间试验厂高放废液、中和池水样铀的测定,还有望用于含盐量高、组成复杂的其他样品(如环境样品等)铀含量的分析。     

H_2O_2调价UTEVA树脂对钚的分离方法

研究了H2O2调节钚价态至Pu(Ⅳ)的条件,对于钚质量浓度在10-3 g/L量级的溶液,适量H2O2可以将钚价态稳定在Pu(Ⅳ)。采用粒径为50~100μm的UTEVA树脂填充的柱体积为2mL的萃取色层柱,在6mol/L HNO3浓度下,使用w=1.5%H2O2作为氧化还原剂对10-2 g/L的钚进行预处理,能将钚吸附上柱。通过适当条件的洗脱,在铀、镎、钚混合溶液中,得到钚的回收率约为108%。     

~(15)N标记S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸含量及其同位素丰度检测

建立了一种测定发酵液中15N标记S-苄基-L-半胱氨酸(SBC)含量的高效液相色谱法(HPLC),该方法采用Cosmosil C18(5μm,150 mm×4.6 mm)色谱柱为分离柱,2,4-二硝基氟苯为衍生剂,0.05 mol/L乙酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=6.5,含10 mL/L N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)与V(乙腈)∶V(水)=3∶1为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长为350 nm,柱温为30℃;并采用微量高温燃烧-质谱法对15N标记SBC样品的同位素丰度进行了检测。结果显示,SBC浓度为0.2~1.0 g/L时,与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,y=3×106x-4.16×104,R2=0.998 6,平均加标回收率97.30%,检测限为3.95×10-4g/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.55%;15N标记SBC丰度检测时,最小称样量为2 mg,最佳反应温度为530℃,反应时间为3 h;15N丰度测定值的相对标准偏差为0.17%。     

ICP-MS法测定铀中的痕量锆

采用TTA/二甲苯苯取分离和ICP-MS法测定了U3O8中痕量杂质元素Zr的含量。样品转化为硝酸铀酰后，先采用TTA/二甲苯在4mol/L HNO3条件下萃取，使Zr与铀基体分离，然后将有机相稀释10倍后用8 mol/HNO3反萃，反萃液再稀释10倍后直接用ICP-MS法测量。U3O8成分分析标准物质（GBW04205）的分析结果与推荐值吻合。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.