利用磷灰石实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的试验评价

出于环境的考虑，越来越多的选矿厂均利用回水以减轻废水对环境的冲击和对水资源的依赖．工业生产经验表明，回水使用量的增加会对浮选带来不利的影响，尤其是对复杂矿化矿的优先浮选．浮选选择性降低的主要原因是溶液中重金属离子对闪锌矿或黄铁矿的意外活化．本文应用微型浮选试验，吸附试验和表面测试研究了利用磷灰石来实现硫化矿浮选废水回用的可行性．试验表明，磷灰石可增强对闪锌矿的抑制而提高浮选的选择性．微型浮选和表面测试表明，磷灰石与闪锌矿竞争吸附溶液中的重金属，从而降低闪锌矿表面的重金属浓度．     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的新方法

为实现使用氰化物的铅锌矿浮选废水的回用,试验了一种利用金属沉淀剂去除铅锌矿浮选废水中重金属离子的新方法.试验表明,利用该方法可以从浮选废水中去除对浮选有害的重金属离子,释放出自由氰,从而达到提高浮选选择性、节省氰化物用量的目的.     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的新方法

为实现使用氰化物的铅锌矿浮选废水的回用,试验了一种利用金属沉淀剂去除铅锌矿浮选废水中重金属离子的新方法.试验表明,利用该方法可以从浮选废水中去除对浮选有害的重金属离子,释放出自由氰,从而达到提高浮选选择性、节省氰化物用量的目的.     

增效剂Tween 80实现磷矿常温浮选机理研究

研究采用非离子型表面活性剂Tween80(简写成Tw80)作为油酸浮选的增效剂,进行了磷灰石—石英人工混合矿分离实验。当Tw80为油酸用量的10％时,在低温(10℃)条件下可提高回收率30％左右,达到常温单独使用油酸浮磷相同的浮选效果。通过对溶液化学和磷灰石表面吸附的研究查明,作为增效剂的Tw80,物理吸附于矿物表面,促进了油酸钙的化学吸附。     

白钨矿捕收剂的温度响应机制研究

为探究不同白钨矿捕收剂对环境温度的响应差异和机制.采用单矿物浮选试验,系统研究了油酸钠和3种羟肟酸浮选白钨矿的温度响应规律,并通过接触角试验、表面张力测量、流变学研究、浊度试验、Zeta电位测试以及吸附量试验,揭示了温度对捕收剂性能影响的内在机制.结果表明：随着浮选温度的降低,所有捕收剂的捕收能力均有所减弱,其中油酸钠受温度影响更为显著.温度降低导致捕收剂表面张力增加、矿浆黏度增大、药剂溶解性变差.这些因素共同作用,使得捕收剂分子与矿粒的碰撞概率下降,药剂在矿粒表面的吸附量减少,最终导致作用于白钨矿颗粒表面的药剂分子数量减少,降低了矿粒表面的疏水性,严重恶化了浮选效果.     

纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附性能

以硝酸钙、磷酸、氨水为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了纳米羟基磷灰石粉体.以硝酸镉水溶液作为模拟废水,用Visual MINTEQ软件对模拟废水的溶液化学特征进行了计算,主要研究了溶液的初始pH值、反应时间以及镉离子(Cd2+)初始浓度等因素对纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附量的影响.实验结果表明,纳米羟基磷灰石的镉离子吸附性能在溶液初始pH为4～9的范围内比较稳定,其去除水溶液中镉离子的过程符合准二级动力学模型,并且与朗缪尔等温吸附和弗伦德里希等温吸附均表现出了较高的相关性,反映了纳米羟基磷灰石吸附水溶液中镉离子的反应以离子交换作用为主的特点.纳米羟基磷灰石不仅镉离子吸附容量大,而且初期吸附速率很快,是一种性能良好的环境矿物吸附材料.     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标     

中低品位胶磷矿复配低温捕收剂作用机理研究

利用胶磷矿的粗选试验筛选出SDS和十二醇作为棉油皂脚的增效剂,并将这两种药剂与棉油皂脚复配成低温捕收剂DWB9-3用于宜昌丁东磷矿正-反浮选闭路试验中,13～15℃时,获得了P2O530.40%,回收率81.36%的优良指标.表明这种捕收剂使温度对胶磷矿浮选的影响减弱,有利于冬季胶磷矿的浮选.通过表面张力、相对接触角、ξ电位和吸附量研究表明:此种捕收剂能显著地降低矿浆溶液的表面张力,有利于药剂的分散;在T=13～15℃,pH=10.5的条件下,容易在矿物表面发生化学吸附,有利于磷矿物的浮选.     

碳羟基磷灰石对废水中Cd2+的吸附

利用废弃蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石,并利用其吸附废水中的Cd2 .考察了Cd2 初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量以及温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,结果表明:当废水中Cd2 初始浓度为30 mg/L、pH=7、吸附时间35 m in、温度35℃时,碳羟基磷灰石对Cd2 去除率高达99.9%.吸附实验还表明该吸附符合Freundlich方程.     

不同成因磷灰石可浮性的研究

对五种不同成因磷灰石的浮选行为与表面,溶解速度,油酸钙沉淀和油酸盐吸附量等之间的关系作了系统研究。实验表明,磷灰石的溶解速度,油酸钙沉淀量及充分浮选所需油酸钾浓度都与磷灰石的比表面积有关。 沉积型磷灰石有较大比表面积,在水溶液中溶下较多量ca~(2+)离子,生成较多油酸钙沉淀,充分浮选时需较高油酸钾浓度。 充分浮选时,捕收剂在五种不同磷灰石表面的复盖率看来是相近的,都有油酸钙沉淀生成,这与ca~(2+)离子从磷灰石表面溶下速度及达到一定复盖率时所需的捕收剂浓度有关。     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests,zeta potential measurements,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis on galena,sphalerite,and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating(CDR) system.In this system,sulphide minerals were first collected and acti-vated by the collector,and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)2 in a strong alkaline solution.Finally,they were reactivated by H2SO4.The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)2 depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector.Hence,the flotability differences between them were reduced.However,in the H2SO4 re-activating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced.That is to say,galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H2SO4,but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH 11.The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values.The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indi-cated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)2.     

磷矿选矿含锰废水在造气循环水系统中的应用

针对湖北省黄麦岭磷化工有限责任公司磷矿选矿尾水排放锰含量超标的问题,提出将含锰尾水回用于合成氨造气循环水补水的处理方法.采用含锰尾水代替新鲜水补充至含有硫化物、碳酸根以及氢氧根离子的造气循环水系统中;中和沉淀去除锰离子后大部分废水循环利用,少量强制外排至综合废水处理系统处理后达标排放.工程实际运行结果表明：锰离子在合成氨造气循环水处理系统中大部分得以削减,质量浓度由36～41 mg/L下降至3～6 mg/L;强制外排废水再经过合成氨综合废水处理站处理,质量浓度由3～6 mg/L下降至0.5～1.5 mg/L,总去除率达到95％以上,出水水质能够满足达标排放的要求.该工程应用减少了废水中的重金属排放,并对废水进行了综合利用,达到了节约水资源和保护环境的目的,具有节能减排和可持续发展的重要意义.     

溶液电解硫化表面处理膜的AES和XPS研究

本文对文献[4]提出的溶液电解硫化处理所得到的表面膜,进一步用俄歇(?)谱和 X 射线光电子能谱进行分析,揭示了该膜的表面和深度成分主要为硫化铁。     

从会理锌矿铅锌矿石中分选铜的试验研究

为从会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿中分选铜,对会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究和选矿工艺研究．工艺矿物学研究结果表明会理锌矿含铜的铅锌硫化矿中铜矿物以黄铜矿、银黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿、硫锑铜银矿、车轮矿等矿物形式存在,并以黄铜矿为主,其次为银黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿系列矿物．铜矿物嵌布特征复杂,与闪锌矿互相包裹及呈固溶体分离结构较为普遍．铜矿物嵌布粒级较均匀,多集中于＋0．08mm以上粒级中,铜矿物单体解离度相对较好．基于会理锌矿舍铜铅锌硫化矿的矿石特性,采用“铜铅混浮-铜铅分离-再浮锌”浮选工艺,在原矿含铜0．94％、铅0．92％、锌10．60％的情况下,可获得含铜17．76％、铅4．35％、锌12．87％,铜回收率62．89％的铜精矿,含铜2．99％、铅54．52％、锌10．48％,铅回收率50．34％的铅精矿,含铜0．75％、铅1．20％、锌55．86％,锌回收率88．56％的锌精矿,银在铜、铅、锌精矿中的回收率分别为50．93％、2．32％、29．51％,实现了从会理锌矿含铜铅锌硫化矿中分选铜的目标．     

选磷废水的电化学处理及循环利用

简要介绍磷矿浮选废水（尾矿水）进行电化学处理的研究和处理后循环使用的浮选工艺试验及含固废水电化学处理的理论基础、基本模型。结果表明：经电化学处理后的废水达到用水指标;循环使用取得满意效果;电化学处理方法理论基础可靠,是实现工业废水循环利用的有效手段。     

A new synthetic chelating collector for the flotation of oxidized-lead mineral

A new synthetic reagent DPTUHP [diphenyl α-（3-phenylthioureido） hexylpbosphonate] containing a hydrocarbon chain nonpolar group, a thioureido, and a phosphonate easter chelating group, has proven to be an effective collector for the flotation of cerussite mineral. The synthetic method utilized the Mannich-type reaction of an N-monosubstituted thiourea, an aldehyde, and triphenyl phosphate in glacial acetic acid solution. The experimental results of flotation of the cerussite mineral show that the collector has stronger collecting ability and higher selectivity in a neutral and a slightly alkaline medium, especially in the pulp of pH=8. Using the measurements by infrared spectroscopy （IR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） of the cerussite mineral, the collector, as well as the cerussite treated with the collector, the flotation mechanism of cerussite has been discussed. It is concluded that the adsorption of collector on cerussite is a chemical adsorption through the electron donor atoms of the collector chelating the Pb （ Ⅱ ） of cerussite to form chelate.     

Mechanism of separating pyrite and dolomite by flotation

To study the mechanism of separating pyrite and dolomite by flotation, the acting mechanisms of WHL depressor and both the minerals were studied by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, Fourier transform infrareddiffuse reflection spectroscopy （PTIR-DRS）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that WHL formed metal salts with metal ions dissolved in water from dolomite and pyrite, which then deposited on their surfaces. Both of the minerals could be depressed by WHL. In the process of flotation, sulfur was created besides the WIlL being absorbed on the surface of the sulfur concentrate, and its recovery rate was slightly affected.     

Effect of depressants on flotation separation of magnesite from dolomite and calcite

The flotation separation of magnesite from calcium-containing minerals has always been a difficult subject in minerals processing. This work studied the inhibition effects of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),sodium lignosulphonate, polyaspartic acid(PASP) and sodium silicate on flotation behaviors of magnesite, dolomite and calcite, providing guidance for the development of reagents in magnesite flotation.The micro-flotation results showed that among these four depressants, sodium silicate presented...     

An Entrapment Model of Water Flow on Fine Coal Flotation

Effect of entrapment of water flow on fine coal flotation was studied. The relation between constant of water flotation rate and flotation time was investigated and the water recycling model determined. The entrapment model of water flow about the relation between the recovery of fine particle and that of water in concentration was established. Finally, the equation about ash in fine clean coal at any time was derived by introducing a de-ashing coefficient.