A low-cost driving simulator for full vehicle dynamics simulation

This paper describes the construction of a low-cost PC-based driving simulator that can perform five degree-of-freedom (DOF) motions similar to a road vehicle. The mathematical equations of vehicle dynamics are first derived from the 2-DOF bicycle model and incorporated with the tire, steering, and suspension subsystems. The equations of motion are then programmed by MATLAB, transferred into C++ code in the MIDEVA environment, and further developed into a motion platform control program by C++Builder. To achieve the simulator functions, a motion platform that is constructed by five hydraulic cylinders is designed, and its kinetics/inverse kinetics analysis is also conducted. Driver operation signals such as steering wheel angle, accelerator pedal, and brake pedal positions are measured to trigger the vehicle dynamics calculation and further actuate the cylinders by the motion platform control program. In addition, a digital PID controller is added to achieve the stable and accurate displacements of the motion platform. The experiments prove that the designed simulator is adequate in performing some special road driving situations discussed in this paper.     

基于限制车速的安全带强制使用装置

为解决驾驶员驾驶安全性低和行驶舒适性差的问题,设计出一种新型安全带强制使用装置。采用计算机仿真模拟的方法进行研究和设计,外围的输入信号模拟发动机的加速踏板信号、转速信号和安全带佩戴情况信号,控制芯片采用飞思卡尔公司的MC9S128单片机,输出信号为输给发动机ECU的油门踏板信号和语音提示系统的控制信号。实验表明,如果驾驶员和乘客不佩戴安全带,不管驾驶员如何操作加速踏板,将车速限定在一定的人身安全的车速范围内;当需要提速时,提醒驾驶员和乘客佩戴安全带,以确保人身安全,使汽车被动安全装置更为人性化,由此提高驾车舒适性和安全性。     

Traffic Volume Prediction Based on Multi-Sources GPS Trajectory Data by Temporal Convolutional Network

Predicting urban traffic volume is of great significance to traffic management and urban construction. An accurate prediction model can help drivers optimize driving routes, allocate resources reasonably and reduce urban traffic congestion. Most of the existing studies do not consider the complex nonlinear spatio-temporal relationship. In the spatial dimension, they do not consider the impact of regional semantics and regional interactions. In the temporal dimension, they ignore the impact of long-term historical information and key time points. Aiming at the complexity of traffic data, in this paper, we design a ResNet-TCN model to predict the urban traffic volume. Firstly, we construct and extract features from the vehicle GPS tracking and external information, such as velocity, time, location and weather. Then, we obtain regional semantic information by the ResNet model and combine the weights of the regional division with the average vehicle velocity into a two-channel matrix. We extract the key features of the matrix sequence and predict the velocity by the TCN model. Finally, we estimate the traffic volume through a traffic volume inference model in the traffic field. We conduct a large number of experiments on the actual dataset of Chengdu and compare our model with the existing models. The experimental results show that our method has better performance on prediction accuracy.

     

基于Driver Studio的PCI设备WDM驱动程序的设计

为了实现PCI数据采集卡的数据传输,必须开发PCI设备的驱动程序.介绍了以DriverStudio中的DriverWorks为工具,开发PCI设备WDM驱动程序的方法.探讨了PCI设备的I/O端口访问、中断处理、驱动程序与应用程序之间的通信等主要问题,重点对编写驱动程序的过程和主要例程的代码进行了说明,并实现了驱动程序的安装与调试.最后对实际中遇到的问题及解决方法做了总结,实践证明该驱动程序调试通过,运行稳定.     

人类司机分心行为对无人车纵向速度控制的影响

无人车通常无法探测到人类司机的分心行为，这将导致无人车延迟地采取紧急制动来避免追尾。因此，本文致力于构建无人车控制与人类司机分心监测之间的桥梁，来辅助无人车预测潜在风险并像有经验的人类司机一样避让处于分心的司机，提高无人车的智能化水平和交通系统的安全性。首先，本文提出了一种整合了司机分心监测、车对车信息交换、无人车速度控制的可行系统框架。然后，基于卷积神经网络，本文提供了一种司机分心监测实现。最后，基于模型预测控制策略，本文提出了一种考虑了司机分心行为的无人车纵向速度控制方法，并给出持续可行性分析。仿真结果验证了本文工作的有效性。      

远距离超声波测距技术在矿用机车上的应用

矿用机车驾驶员容易出现疲劳驾驶和注意力不集中,是煤矿安全的重大隐患,设计出一套机车障碍物检测报警系统,对于煤矿安全有着重要意义。而这套系统的关键技术在于测距,结合煤矿自身的复杂环境的考虑,在此选用超声波测距技术。为了满足超声波远距离测距的目的,选用美国AIRMAR公司生产的AR30超声波传感器,通过匹配该传感器各性能参数,设计出合理的硬件电路,经过一系列软件算法得到一个精确的距离值并且显示出来。当小于报警距离时发出声光报警信号提示驾驶员,为驾驶员安全驾驶提供了技术保障。     

Driver Behavior and Situation Aware Brake Assistance for Intelligent Vehicles

This paper deals with the development of Human-Centric Intelligent Driver Assistance Systems. Rear-end collisions account for a large portion of traffic accidents. To help mitigate this problem, predictive braking systems and adaptive cruise control systems have been developed. However, these types of systems usually rely solely on the vehicle and vehicle surround sensors, either ignoring the human component of driving or learning the driver's control behavior using only these sensors. As with all human-computer interfaces, this has the potential to work against the driver, distract the driver further, or even annoy the driver so that the driver ignores or disables the system. It is, therefore, important to directly take the driver's intended actions into account when designing a driver assistance system. By using a probabilistic model for the system, warnings and preventative measures can be constructed based on varying levels of situational severity and driver attentiveness and intent. The research is based upon carefully conducted experimental trials involving a human subjects driving in natural manner and on typical freeways in the USA. The experiments, designed by inputs from cognitive scientist, were conducted in a specially designed instrumented vehicle to record important cues associated with driver's behavior, vehicle state, and vehicle surround in a synchronized manner. Quantitative results and analysis of the experimental trials are presented to show the feasibility and promise of this framework to predict the driver's intent to brake, the need for braking given the current situation, and at what level the driver should be warned     

可扩展固件接口的网络设备驱动

提出了基于EFI的网络设备驱动设计方法.通过研究EFI固有的驱动模型,分析通用网络驱动接口和简单网络协议,为网络设备驱动的实现提供了基本的接口和服务.分析了EFI网络设备的结构和组成,根据其特点,提出了3层结构模型的EFI网络设备驱动设计方案,阐述了如何以EFI驱动形式实现EFI网络设备驱动.通过设计并实现网络设备的基本功能,提出了EFI网络设备驱动的基本流程.     

白光LED驱动分析与应用

目前LED驱动方式多种多样,为了帮助LED驱动设计者全面认识和理解LED驱动,选择更合适的驱动方式,在此通过简述各种驱动方式的发展情况和原理,对比分析各种驱动的优缺点,得出了各种驱动方式的适用范围和条件,最后根据各种实际情况．指出了在不同条件下,如何考虑和选择合适的LED驱动来满足实际情况的需要。这一分析具有全面、易懂、指导性和可操作性强等特点。     

基于Linux平台信号处理驱动程序设计

本文在介绍Linux系统PCI总线驱动程序的实现方法基础上,结合具体项目讨论了驱动程序中PCI设备的检测、初始化、驱动程序和应用程序的接口、驱动的中断处理等,并实现了数字下变频后基带数据到Linux平台的数据传输。本文主要介绍其PCI总线驱动程序的设计。     

彩色LCD绿色驱动芯片的原理与应用

Hi—FAS驱动技术应用于液晶平面显示驱动芯片,具备低功耗、低成本的优势。绿色驱动芯片除了运用Hi—FAS的驱动方式外,更进行了电源系统的改良,且具备了低温调节功耗的功能,并减少外部组件的需求,将比一般的Hi-FAS驱动芯片更省电省成本。在显示效果上具备了多段式温度补偿、串扰现象补偿、FRC演算法改良等方案,提供更优良的显示品质。     

基于CPLD的线阵CCD驱动电路设计与实现

设计和开发了一种线阵CCD驱动电路.该电路主要采用了复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD),充分发挥其"可编程"的技术特性,为用户提供了丰富的接口信号.介绍了该驱动电路的主要特性、工作原理和驱动时序的设计思想.实验结果表明:该驱动电路完全满足设计要求,当将其集成到其它测量电路中时,整个测量系统可正常工作,且测量精度满足要求.     

A versatile micropower high-voltage flat-panel display driver in a100-V 0.7-μm CMOS intelligent interface technology

A versatile architecture for monolithic low-power high-voltage flat-panel display drivers is presented. A prototype of such a driver chip was designed and fabricated in the 100-V 0.7-μm CMOS intelligent interface technology (I²T) of Alcatel MicroElectronics. It features 100-V output driving capability, while the operation of the entire driver chip is controlled by means of 3- to 5-V digital signals. Special high-voltage level-shifter circuits, based on the dynamic charge control concept, were developed to reduce the internal power consumption of the driver chip to extremely low values of 1 to 2 μW per driver output. A powerful on-chip control unit supports numerous display addressing schemes and very complex multilevel output waveforms can be synthesized. These attractive electrical characteristics, together with the pronounced flexibility and multifunctionality, make this driver architecture ideally suited for a variety of flat-panel displays, especially in battery-powered applications     

利用WinDriver开发设备驱动

开发Windows下的驱动程序已成为应用系统开发的难点之一,因为他需要熟悉内部操作系统和DDK编程及驱动模式。现在可以使用一些驱动开发工具如WinDriver等来编程。WinDriver是一个用于设备驱动程序开发的工具包,他简化了设备驱动编写和硬件访问应用,在保证驱动程序性能的基础上大大缩短了开发周期。本文介绍了在Windows操作系统下开发设备驱动的步骤及方法,并结合ISA板卡给出了开发实例。     

基于WDM的设备驱动程序设计和实现

设备驱动程序是硬件设备连接到计算机系统的软件接口。Windows驱动程序模型(WDM)是Windows平台的新一代设备驱动程序模型,WDM的研究对设计优良设备驱动程序有重要指导作用。文章分析WDM的工作原理和机制,着重介绍WDM设备驱动程序的设计和实现方法,并给出一个通用串行总线(USB)设备驱动程序的设计实例。该设计将USB驱动程序分为即插即用(PnP)、电源管理、USB初始化和USB设备输入/输出(I/O)等功能模块,具有结构清晰、易移植、复用性好等优点,在USB驱动程序设计中具有良好的应用价值。     

WindowsXP下PCI设备驱动程序的设计

文章介绍了WindowsXP环境下PCI设备驱动程序的开发与实现方法,探讨了PCI设备的I/0端口访问、中断处理、DMA传输、驱动程序与应用程序之间的通信等主要问题,重点对编写驱动程序的过程进行了说明,并实现了驱动程序的安装与调试。     

一种基于RTRL的神经网络驾驶员巡航模型

针对大多数巡航模型未能充分考虑驾驶员的行为特性,文中设计了以实时递归学习算法的神经网络为核心的驾驶员巡航模型。该模型选取前车车速、本车车速、前车加速度和安全车间距共4个参数作为模型输入,以驾驶员控制自车所期望的加速度值为输出,通过真实环境下的巡航实验获取数据样本对RTRL的神经网络进行训练,并对该模型进行仿真验证。仿真实验结果表明,本车期望加速度的预测值与实际真实值基本一致,误差控制在005以内,说明该模型能较准确的模拟驾驶员的巡航行为。     

Adaptive EEG-Based Alertness Estimation System by Using ICA-Based Fuzzy Neural Networks

Drivers' fatigue has been implicated as a causal factor in many accidents. The development of human cognitive state monitoring system for the drivers to prevent accidents behind the steering wheel has become a major focus in the field of safety driving. It requires a technique that can continuously monitor and estimate the alertness level of drivers. The difficulties in developing such a system are lack of significant index for detecting drowsiness and the interference of the complicated noise in a realistic and dynamic driving environment. An adaptive alertness estimation methodology based on electroencephalogram, power spectrum analysis, independent component analysis (ICA), and fuzzy neural network (FNNs) models is proposed in this paper for continuously monitoring driver's drowsiness level with concurrent changes in the alertness level. A novel adaptive feature selection mechanism is developed for automatically selecting effective frequency bands of ICA components for realizing an on-line alertness monitoring system based on the correlation analysis between the time-frequency power spectra of ICA components and the driving errors defined as the deviation between the center of the vehicle and the cruising lane in the virtual-reality driving environment. The mechanism also provides effective and efficient features that can be fed into ICA-mixture-model-based self-constructing FNN to indirectly estimate driver's drowsiness level expressed by approximately and predicting the driving error     

基于LQR算法的车道保持控制策略

介绍一种基于LQR算法的车道保持控制方法.采用TLC与DLC联合预警模型结合驾驶员意图识别对车辆当前的行驶状态进行判断并在偏离时做出报警,当驾驶员未做出反应时车道保持系统对转向系统的输出转角值进行转向控制,帮助驾驶员纠正车辆偏离动作,在Carsim/Simulink环境下进行仿真,对比不同车速下横/航向偏差量与输出方向...     

嵌入式系统网卡驱动模型设计与实现

以嵌入式系统下网卡驱动的功能为出发点,提出了一种嵌入式系统下网卡驱动设计模型,通过在网络协议层与网卡驱动之间增加一个网卡驱动功能抽象中间层,有效地隔离上层网络协议与底层具体的网卡驱动,使得驱动实现的细节对上层协议透明。中间层作为网卡驱动的抽象层,在提供网卡驱动控制服务的同时,可实现网络层协议与驱动之间的交互;有效地简化网卡驱动的设计工作。通过在合适的平台上进行验证和测试,实验结果证明该模型能有效指导嵌入式系统网卡驱动的设计,网卡驱动能正确,可靠地工作,网络通信功能正常。