Al-5 Ti-1 B细化剂对7075铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Al-5 Ti-1 B细化剂对7075铝合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：添加微量的Al-5 Ti-1 B细化剂可使7075铝合金的铸态组织从粗大的枝晶细化为细小均匀的等轴晶,随着Al-5 Ti-1 B细化剂添加量的逐渐增加,7075铝合金的晶粒平均直径逐渐减小,抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐提高。当添加0．3％的Al-5Ti-1B细化剂时,7075铝合金被细化为平均直径44．7μm的等轴晶,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高至311 MPa和4．1％,与未添加Al-5 Ti-1 B细化剂相比,7075铝合金的晶粒平均直径下降了64．3％,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了13．1％和45．4％。     

Al-5Ti-1B细化剂对7050铝合金晶粒尺寸和热裂敏感性的影响

利用金相分析、扫描分析、热裂敏感性评估试验等方法,研究了Al-5Ti-1B细化剂对7050铝合金铸态晶粒细化的作用及铸造过程中热裂敏感性的影响。结果显示,随Al-5Ti-1B添加量的增加,7050铝合金铸态晶粒由粗大不规则的枝晶逐渐变为细小等轴晶,特别是从不添加到添加少量细化剂时细化效果更明显。经热裂敏感性评估,7050铝合金的热裂敏感性随细化剂的加入量增加而下降,说明晶粒细化可以改善合金铸造时的热裂缺陷。论文从晶粒细化对熔体流动、凝固收缩、应变集中等方面的影响解释了相关的机制。     

杆状Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的组织形貌及对铝合金晶粒细化效果研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段对比分析了四个不同厂家生产的Al-5Ti-1B杆状晶粒细化剂的化学成分、组织及对铝合金的细化效果。结果表明,1#杆状Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂成分达到YS/T447.1-2011标准中A等Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的要求,与其他三种Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂相比具有最优的晶粒细化效果。     

Al-5Ti-B晶粒细化剂细化温度对铝合金细化效果的研究

通过Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂细化温度试验,分析了Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂不同细化温度对A356铝合金金相组织的影响,得出了最佳铝合金金相组织的Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂细化温度。     

电磁搅拌对Al-5Ti-1B的显微组织与晶粒细化能力的影响

在中间包对Al-5Ti-1B熔体施加电磁搅拌,然后连续铸挤成Al-5Ti-1B丝,研究了电磁搅拌对Al-5Ti-1B的显微组织与晶粒细化能力的影响,结果表明:电磁搅拌能够阻止TiB2粒子的团聚和沉淀,改善TiB2粒子的分布均匀性,提高Al-5Ti-1B的晶粒细化能力.Al-5Ti-1B的Ti、B元素含量分别为5.08%和1.02%,TiB2粒子平均尺寸为0.74μm,TiAl3相平均尺寸为15.7μm.添加0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B后保温2 min,可使纯铝晶粒从2 800μm细化至68μm,保温120 min,晶粒未见长大.     

流槽中除气和过滤作用对晶粒细化剂添加效果的影响

添加晶粒细化剂有助于改善铸态晶粒尺寸、减小第二相尺寸分布并减少热裂倾向.然而,铝合金半连续熔铸中存在细化剂利用率较低、晶粒细化效果不佳的问题,影响产品质量.对流槽不同区域在线取样来分析除气和过滤作用对Al-5Ti-1B细化剂细晶效果的影响.通过荧光光谱仪和偏光金相观察细化剂添加后主要细晶元素Ti和B含量及α-Al晶粒尺寸的变化,结合TiB2和TiAl3的尺寸分布粗算过滤比例,最后采用晶粒尺寸预报模型研究熔体中TiB2数密度的改变对细晶行为及细晶效果的影响.研究表明:除气对细晶效果影响不大,而二次过滤后大部分TiAl3和60％TiB2颗粒会被过滤.TiB2的筛除造成有效形核质点数密度的大幅降低,细晶效果下降近一半,α-Al晶粒尺寸由93 μm增长至144 μm.     

Al-5Ti-1B合金的有效形核相与晶粒细化机制

Al-5Ti-1B合金是铝及铝合金的高效晶粒细化剂,可显著改善铝及铝合金的加工性能,提高铝材的质量,但Al-5Ti-1B合金对纯铝及铝合金的晶粒细化机制目前尚未研究清楚。本文分别采用Al-5Ti-1B,Al-10Ti,Al-4B合金和TiB2粉末对纯铝进行细化实验,通过比较TiAl3,TiB2和AlB2对铝晶粒的细化作用,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了Al-5Ti-1B合金的有效形核相和晶粒细化机制。结果表明,TiAl3是铝晶粒的有效异质形核相,但Al-5Ti-1B合金中的TiAl3因在铝熔体中会熔化而不是铝晶粒的直接形核相。单独的AlB2和TiB2都不是铝晶粒的有效异质形核相,但TiB2通过表面包覆TiAl3后可成为铝晶粒的有效异质形核相。Al-5Ti-1B合金细化铝晶粒的机制为:TiAl3熔解于铝熔体中释放Ti原子,一部分Ti原子通过浓度起伏形成TiAl3,TiAl3再与铝熔体发生包晶转变生成α-Al晶粒直接起到晶粒细化作用。剩余Ti原子在TiB2表面偏聚形成TiAl3,TiAl3再与铝熔体发生包晶转变生成α-Al晶粒起到晶粒细化作用。     

Al-Ti-B对A356铝合金组织和性能的影响

利用Al-5Ti-1B直接变质和细化A356铝合金原铝液,然后观察金相显微组织和测试抗拉强度、延伸率。通过对比变质与未变质的组织性能,分析了Al-5Ti-1B的变质效果,当添加0.65%Al-5Ti-1B时,组织得到明显细化,综合力学性能好。     

晶粒细化对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金组织性能的影响

采用Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金进行晶粒细化,采用金相显微镜、激光导热仪和拉伸试验机等研究晶粒细化对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金微观组织、铸造流动性、力学性能与导热系数的影响.结果表明:随着Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂添加量的增加,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的α-Al晶粒逐渐细化,铸造流动性、抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐升高,但导热系数略有下降.当Al-5Ti-1B合金细化剂的质量分数增加到0.5%时,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的晶粒被细化至平均直径约为90.9μm,铸造流动性试样长度为867 mm,抗拉强度为234 MPa,伸长率为10.1%,导热系数为182.7 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1).     

电磁搅拌对A1-5Ti-1B的显微组织与晶粒细化能力的影响

在中间包对A1-5Ti-1B熔体施加电磁搅拌,然后连续铸挤成A1-5Ti-1B丝,研究了电磁搅拌对A1-5Ti-1B的显微组织与晶粒细化能力的影响,结果表明：电磁搅拌能够阻止TiB2粒子的团聚和沉淀,改善TiB2粒子的分布均匀性,提高A1-5Ti-1B的晶粒细化能力．A1-Ti1B的Ti、B元素含量分别为5．08％和1．02％,TiB2粒子平均尺寸为0．74μm,TiAl3相平均尺寸为15．7μm．添加0．2％的AI-5Ti-1B后保温2min,可使纯铝晶粒从2800μm细化至68μm,保温120min,晶粒未见长大．     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.