基于改进PSO算法的机动通信保障任务分配方法

针对机动通信保障问题建立任务分配模型,结合梯度下降法提出一种基于改进粒子群算法(TSPSO)的任务分配模型求解方法.在TSPSO算法中增加判断极值陷阱、粒子二次搜索、设定禁忌区域、粒子淘汰与生成4个部分,并将TSPSO算法与其他4种改进PSO算法应用于四种典型测试函数的优化.结果表明,TSPSO算法收敛精度更高、收敛速度更快.在基于TSPSO算法的任务分配模型求解方法中,基于各机动通信保障单元到不同通信地点分配概率的思想对粒子群进行编码和解码,提高模型求解效率.仿真结果表明,TSPSO算法能够快速寻找到机动通信保障任务最优分配方案.     

基于免疫粒子群算法的多UCAV协同任务分配

任务分配问题是多UCAV协同控制的关键和有效保证。综合考虑问题的多规划指标和多类复杂约束条件,建立了基于多目标整数规划的协同多任务分配模型。通过模拟生物免疫系统的免疫特征和运行机制,并将粒子群优化作为算法的局部搜索算子,设计了一种适用于问题求解的免疫粒子群算法,使算法同时具有人工免疫算法种群多样性好、粒子群优化局部搜索能力和进化方向性强等特点。仿真实验表明该方法具有良好的优化效果和时间特性,可较好地解决多UCAV协同任务分配问题。     

多无人艇联合攻击任务规划模型仿真

多水面无人舰艇之间的攻击任务规划是保证无人舰艇顺利高效完成攻击任务.多无人舰艇在执行联合攻击任务时,需要考虑到环境因素、不同任务的复杂度与各种复杂攻击任务执行能力等多方面的约束因素.传统的攻击任务调度模型在处理上述问题时,没有考虑攻击任务外界与内部的约束条件,只是将复杂的攻击任务简单地分解为个体的叠加,在任务执行过程中不仅达不到提高任务执行效率的目的,还会由于缺乏相应的协同规划机制陷入混乱状态.提出一种多无人艇联合攻击任务规划模型.根据水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务规划问题的多约束性,建立任务规划模型,引入代价函数,运用改进的生物地理粒子群优化算法对任务分配问题进行求解,避免了生物地理优化算法容易陷入局部最优和粒子群算法解多约束离散问题时的不稳定性.进行仿真的结果表明,所提出算法有效解决了多水面无人舰艇之间的攻击任务规划问题.     

基于粒子群算法的移动边缘计算任务分配方法

为提高移动终端任务分配效率,降低计算能量损耗,提出基于粒子群算法的移动边缘计算任务分配方法。通过构建异构网络获取完整的需要分配的任务,明确任务分配时所需的特定条件,即分配消耗和时延等。将分配任务转化成寻找分配结果的最优解,构建最优解模型,利用粒子群算法对模型实施求解,经过不断迭代和更新,生成最优边缘计算任务的分配结果。实验结果表明,粒子群方法在分配任务数量为20~100之间时计算时间在1 s~3.3 s;当任务数量为100时,本文方法能耗仅为4107 J;粒子群方法在任务达到率达到100%时,其时延仅为12.5 ms;其任务分配计算时间短、能量消耗小和数据传输的时延短,能较好地满足实际应用需要。     

基于当代学习离散粒子群算法的多机器人任务分配*

针对多机器人协同控制中的任务分配问题,首先综合考虑机器人完成任务的效率、机器人自身能力以及任务本身性质各因素,建立了多机器人任务分配的数学模型。而后提出一种基于当代学习机制的离散粒子群算法进行高效求解,该算法设计了准确的粒子运动方程,并加入扰动算子保持粒子多样性,使其迅速跳出局部最优,增加了算法空间探索能力。实验结果表明：在小规模任务数情况下,算法能精确寻到最优,稳定性表现极佳且优于现有算法。在中大规模任务数情况下算法也表现出强寻优能力,实验验证了模型的合理性和算法的优越性。     

基于改进粒子群算法的多无人机任务分配研究

任务分配问题是多无人机协同控制的关键技术之一.在深入分析多无人机任务分配问题特点的基础上,对现有模型进行了扩展,建立了多无人机协同任务分配的混合移数线性规划(MILP)模型.对现有粒子群算法进行了改进,提出一种具有较强全局搜索能力的多子群多阶段粒子群算法,开展了粒子群算法在多无人机协同任务分配问题中的应用研究,主要针对粒子群算法的编码策略、约束处理、算子选取、参数设置等方面进行相应的调整和改进.最后对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于DAMPSO算法的USVs集群攻击任务规划研究

现代防御技术的迅速发展使得水面舰艇的攻击效果大大下降,水面无人舰艇自主编队集群攻击技术已经成为未来海战的关键技术之一,多水面无人舰艇之间的任务规划是保证无人舰艇顺利、高效完成任务的关键。将水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务规划问题看成是多约束的任务分配过程,建立任务规划模型,提出了基于分布式拍卖机制的粒子群优化算法,该算法结合分布式拍卖机制对粒子群优化算法的粒子初始化和寻优过程进行改进,使得粒子既符合任务的约束条件,又保持了多样性,避免粒子在寻优过程中陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明应用分布式拍卖机制粒子群优化算法得到的方案不仅完全满足水面无人舰艇集群攻击任务的要求,而且比传统粒子群优化算法和其他群体智能算法具有更好的收敛性。     

自动导引车系统资源分配问题的建模及求解

针对自动导引车系统中由任务分派及路径规划共同构成的资源分配问题,基于自动化出入库系统建立模型,提出了一种以粒子群优化(PSO)迭代为框架,并加入无冲突路径规划的优化算法,弥补了以往只按顺序分配任务造成的不足。首先通过粒子群的迭代原理寻找最优任务分派方案;然后通过无冲突的路径规划得到资源分配的结果,同时在解的评价机制中加入了时间窗、工作量均衡及路径无冲突等约束条件,保证方案的可行性。通过模拟自动入库系统,与传统的自动导引车系统调度算法进行了对比,实验结果表明,所提算法在总行驶里程上平均节约了10%左右,且任务分配的均衡性更好,系统的整体效率得到了有效的提升。     

自动导引车系统资源分配问题的建模及求解

针对自动导引车系统中由任务分派及路径规划共同构成的资源分配问题,基于自动化出入库系统建立模型,提出了一种以粒子群优化(PSO)迭代为框架,并加入无冲突路径规划的优化算法,弥补了以往只按顺序分配任务造成的不足。首先通过粒子群的迭代原理寻找最优任务分派方案;然后通过无冲突的路径规划得到资源分配的结果,同时在解的评价机制中加入了时间窗、工作量均衡及路径无冲突等约束条件,保证方案的可行性。通过模拟自动入库系统,与传统的自动导引车系统调度算法进行了对比,实验结果表明,所提算法在总行驶里程上平均节约了10%左右,且任务分配的均衡性更好,系统的整体效率得到了有效的提升。     

多UCAV协同任务分配模型及粒子群算法求解

任务分配是多无人作战飞机(UCAV)协同控制的基础.对此,分析了影响任务分配的关键战技指标,建立了针对攻击任务的多UCAV协同任务分配模型.应用连续粒子群算法对问题进行求解,建立了粒子与实际问题间的映射,通过位置饱和策略构造粒子的搜索空间,采用自适应惯性权重提高粒子群算法的收敛速度和全局寻优能力.考虑到单机的任务载荷限制,引入了买卖合同机制以实现多机任务协调.仿真结果表明,所提出模型和算法可以较好地解决多UCAV协同任务分配问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.