基于改进SIFT的无人机航拍图像快速配准研究

为了提高无人机航拍图像配准的实时性,通过分析无人机巡航高度相对稳定及图像缺乏高频的细节信息的特点,提出了一种改进SIFT特征点检测方法,显著提高了图像的配准速度,并构建了一个用于图像拼接的航空影像数据集进行实验验证.首先分析了SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法关于特征点尺度不变性的理论依据及实现方法,提出了消除冗余性能的策略;然后采用减少高斯金字塔阶数与层数以及选择在每阶的第三层图像开始检测极值点,以减小差分尺度空间规模的方法;最后在数据集上进行了与现有图像配准方法的对比实验.实验结果证明,所提方法能够获得匹配稳健、鲁棒性高的特征点,匹配耗时只有经典SIFT的1/10,该方法为无人机航拍图像快速拼接提供了技术支持.     

基于改进SIFT的无人机航拍图像快速配准研究

为了提高无人机航拍图像配准的实时性,通过分析无人机巡航高度相对稳定及图像缺乏高频的细节信息的特点,提出了一种改进SIFT特征点检测方法,显著提高了图像的配准速度,并构建了一个用于图像拼接的航空影像数据集进行实验验证.首先分析了SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法关于特征点尺度不变性的理论依据及实现方法,提出了消除冗余性能的策略;然后采用减少高斯金字塔阶数与层数以及选择在每阶的第三层图像开始检测极值点,以减小差分尺度空间规模的方法;最后在数据集上进行了与现有图像配准方法的对比实验.实验结果证明,所提方法能够获得匹配稳健、鲁棒性高的特征点,匹配耗时只有经典SIFT的1/10,该方法为无人机航拍图像快速拼接提供了技术支持.     

基于SIFT和TPS算法的四旋翼无人机图像自动配准

针对四旋翼无人机图像姿态倾角大、图像变形明显等特点,采用尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法和薄板样条模型(TPS)对四旋翼无人机图像进行特征点匹配和配准实验研究,从拼接图像的目视效果和配准均方差方面比较分析了TPS模型与常用的仿射变换及多项式变换模型的图像配准效果。结果表明:在SIFT算法精确的同名点匹配下,TPS变换模型能够兼顾四旋翼无人机图像的整体刚性变形及局部的非刚性变形,无论是目视效果还是均方差定量分析,TPS变换的图像配准精度最高\,效果最好,能够满足四旋翼无人机图像的快速配准、拼接要求。     

结合SIFT和Delaunay三角网的遥感图像配准算法

针对高分辨率遥感图像中提取的特征点数目过大且易存在误匹配点的问题,提出了一种粗配准和精配准相结合的高分辨率遥感图像配准算法.首先对图像降采样处理后,提取大尺度空间下的SIFT特征点,求得仿射变换模型完成图像粗配准;然后对图像进行分块,利用SIFT方法对每幅子块图像提取特征点,并找到对应子块图像之间的匹配点对;之后利用特征点构建Delaunay三角网,计算每对子块图像之间的三角形相似度,构成相似矩阵,从中挑选相似度大的三角形对以构成精确匹配点对;最后利用得到的精确匹配点对实现最终的图像配准.该算法能够减少提取的特征点数且剔除更多的错误匹配点,从而进一步提高精确匹配点率.实验结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于SIFT和NCC的多源遥感影像配准方法

针对多源遥感影像的配准,提出了一种结合SIFT算法和归一化互相关（NCC）匹配算法的配准方法。该方法采用SIFT算法提取特征点并进行匹配得到一定数量的特征点对后,利用SIFT特征点的尺度和方向信息对NCC进行改进,进一步从未能匹配的特征点中获取匹配点对,经粗差滤除后得到有效的匹配特征点对,随之进行影像配准。方法结合了SIFT算法和NCC算法的优点,解决了多源遥感影像因辐射差异和几何差异造成的难以正确配准的问题。实验结果表明,算法具有较强的鲁棒性,并取得了较好的配准精度。     

基于点特征的多源遥感影像高精度自动配准方法

提出了一种基于点特征的多源遥感影像高精度自动配准方法。该方法采用了由粗到精的配准策略。首先利用SIFT算子和一次多项式实现影像的粗配准,粗配准后的影像和参考影像将处于同一尺度（像素采样间隔）和参考坐标系下。其次在粗配准后的影像上提取分布均匀的特征点,根据前一步得到的影像间的坐标关系,在参考影像上确定一个较小的搜索范围,使用相关系数匹配出同名点,同时用Baarda数据探测法剔除粗差。最后根据同名点构建三角网对影像进行精配准。实验结果表明:该方法能够实现多源遥感影像的高精度配准。     

无人机影像密集匹配方法

针对无人机航摄影像存在的像幅小、影像倾角过大且倾斜方向没有规律等特点研究了一种基于尺度不变特征变换算法(Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)特征点匹配结果的无人机航摄影像密集匹配方法。在SIFT特征点匹配结果的基础上,根据立体像对的同名影像相似性原理,结合Moravec特征点提取算法、灰度相关匹配算法和最小二乘匹配算法来获取无人机影像的密集匹配结果,再利用影像密集点匹配结果生成影像覆盖区域的DSM进行精度分析。实验结果表明,基于SIFT特征匹配算法的无人机影像密集匹配方法能够获取可靠的密集匹配结果。     

基于偏最小二乘的SIFT误匹配校正方法

针对尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）描述子仅利用特征点的局部邻域信息而对图像内具有相似结构的特征点易产生误匹配的现象,提出一种基于偏最小二乘的SIFT误匹配校正方法。该方法首先利用SIFT算法进行匹配,得到初始匹配对,然后利用偏最小二乘方法对匹配后初始匹配点的空间分布信息进行重新描述,并通过定义影响函数,剔除影响程度大的特征点对,最后得到精确匹配点对,对图像进行配准。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地剔除误匹配点,提高图像配准的精度。     

基于SIFT特征和对极几何约束的图像配准算法

基于SIFT（尺度不变特征变换）特征匹配思想,提出了一种应用对极几何约束的图像特征配准算法。首先对图像提取SIFT特征点,然后通过欧氏距离估算对SIFT特征描述子进行初始匹配得到预匹配点集;采用基于单应矩阵的抽样算法计算初始基础矩阵,通过RANSAC算法计算精确的基础矩阵和匹配点集,进而实现图像配准。实验表明,该算法可以获得更准确的匹配点,得到精度较高的图像配准效果。     

空间约束的无人机影像SURF特征点匹配

与普通场景图像相比,无人机影像中纹理信息较丰富,局部特征与目标对象“一对多”的对应问题更加严重,经典SURF算法不适用于无人机影像的特征点匹配.为此,提出一种辅以空间约束的SURF特征点匹配方法,并应用于无人机影像拼接.该方法对基准影像整体提取SURF特征点,对目标影像分块提取SURF特征点,在特征点双向匹配过程中使用两特征点对进行空间约束,实现目标影像子图像与基准影像的特征点匹配;根据特征点对计算目标影像初始变换参数,估计目标影像特征点的匹配点在基准影像上的点位,对匹配点搜索空间进行约束,提高匹配速度与精度;利用点疏密度空间约束,得到均匀分布的特征点对.最后,利用所获取的特征点对实现无人机影像的配准与拼接,通过人工选取均匀分布的特征点对验证拼接精度.实验结果表明,采用本文方法提取的特征点能够得到较好的无人机影像拼接效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.