指针式仪表读数的机器视觉智能识别方法

为快速准确地自动识别指针式仪表读数,采用机器视觉技术,结合减影法和Hough变换法对仪表读数进行智能识别.对指针式仪表图像进行图像二值化、形态学处理和边缘检测预处理;利用Hough变换检测仪表中的指针,计算得到指针方向和定位圆形,实现指针式仪表的智能识别.实验结果表明:读数识别的平均相对误差为0.91%,精度较高,能较好地识别指针式仪表读数.     

基于计算机视觉的指针式仪表自动检测系统

对基于计算机视觉的指针式仪表自动检测系统设计中所涉及到的数字图像处理关键技术进行了研究。利用指针图像的先验特征,构造了基于空间相关和灰度相关的邻域平滑算子。在常规图像分割理论的基础上,进行了图像多灰度等级分割的理论分析,提出了多灰度等级分割算法。根据仪表图像的噪声特征,构造了阈值减影算法,以实现指针的检出。其研究结果己应用于“基于计算机视觉的指针式仪表自动检测系统”的设计开发中,实现了指针式仪表质量检测的自动化。     

一种指针式仪表的识别方法

当前指针式仪表识别技术日益成熟,其中指针形状和位置的识别大多采用Hough变换算法,传统的Hough变换算法运算时间长、储存空间大,使得识别过程效率低下。针对以上缺点,提出一种改进型Hough变换。通过限定指针式仪表表盘环形区域、运用差影法确定指针的大致区域、指针通过表盘圆心这三个限制条件来缩减Hough变换扫描的范围,以此缩减Hough变换算法的存储空间和计算量。将改进型Hough变换算法与传统的Hough变换算法相比较,实验结果表明:改进型Hough变换可有效地减少算法运行时间,提高指针仪表识别的实时性。     

一种指针式仪表非接触测量方法

提出了一种基于图像处理技术的指针式仪表非接触测量方法.研究了指针式仪表的圆心、半径、指针角度以及零刻度自动检测与校准的计算,在基于点Hough变换拟合其圆心与半径以及中心投影法确定指针大概位置的基础上,提出了一种基于亚像素定位的拟合指针直线的方法,具有指针式仪表高精度的自动检测与定位,从而实现了指针式仪表非接触测量.实验表明,该方法具有快速、准确等特点且切实可行.     

一种适用于变电站巡检机器人的仪表识别算法

该文提出一种改进的适合智能变电站巡检机器人室外工作环境的变电站仪表设备的读数识别算法.首先针对各个不同种类的仪表设备图像,进行设备模板化处理,并在模板库中建立各仪表的min刻度和max刻度的位置信息.对于机器人实时采集的仪表设备图像,在后台服务中调取相应设备的模板图,利用尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法,在输入图像中匹配提取仪表表盘区域子图像.而后对表盘子图像进行二值化、仪表指针骨干化处理,利用快速霍夫变换(fast Hough transform)检测指针直线去除噪音干扰,定位指针精确位置和指向角度,完成指针读数.此算法经过国内某500 kV智能变电站巡检机器人实地测试,各种仪表综合识别率超过99.2％,对仪表的读数具有高精度高鲁棒性,完全满足该智能变电站推进无人值守的仪表设备读数自动检测识别的要求.     

改进ORB和Hough变换的指针式仪表识读方法

为了实现指针式仪表的自动识读,提出一种基于改进ORB（Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF）和Hough变换算法的指针式仪表识读算法。利用角点强化方法加强ORB算法检测的特征点,通过特征点匹配对计算模板图像与待检测图像之间的透视变换矩阵。利用数学形态学处理、阈值分割等图像预处理提取指针,并提出一种用于确定指针旋转圆心的基于ORB特征匹配对的相似特征三角形方法,结合投影法定位指针方向。利用指针细化算法和添加圆心约束的Hough变换算法检测指针角度。最后根据仪表的先验信息得到读数结果。实验结果表明该算法在识读速度和精度等方面都能够满足指针式仪表识读的要求,具有较高的可靠性和工程应用价值。     

基于图像处理的汽车指针仪表检测研究

研究一种基于图像处理技术的汽车指针仪表自动检测系统。在OpenCV的编程环境中,利用图像处理技术,实现图像细化、图像二值化等图像预处理。采用一种改进的概率霍夫变换与RGB颜色通道相结合的方法,实现汽车仪表的指针检测。这种方法能减少运算量,并准确地识别出指针直线。     

非均匀光照下指针式仪表自动判读算法设计

拟合人眼视觉机制提出了非均匀光照下指针仪表图像的预处理算法,在此基础上进一步设计了座舱指针式仪表自动判读算法。首先对仪表盘图像进行亮度均衡、二值化变换,再将指针细化,然后根据改进的Hough变换提取目标信息,确定座舱指针式仪表的读数。实验结果表明,该算法有效地解决了在非均匀光照情况下的飞机座舱指针式仪表自动判读,降低了判读误差。     

基于模板匹配与Hough圆检测的仪表识别

随着自动化技术的不断发展,国内电力系统的自动化程度不断提高,无人变电站、无人配电房也逐渐普及。针对变电站中指针式圆形仪表的识别,提出了一种基于模板匹配与Hough圆检测的仪表识别方法。首先对图像进行预处理,将摄像头获取到的RGB彩色图像进行灰度化以及图像的局部直方图均衡化,将预先采集的仪表模板与待测图片进行两次模板匹配,获取仪表大致位置并对图像进行定位裁剪,通过Hough圆检测获取圆形表盘位置及其圆心坐标,将图像通过K-means方法二值化,再通过旋转虚拟直线法对指针进行拟合识别,通过角度与刻度的对应关系计算读数。利用Python和OpenCV视觉库实现算法,实验结果表明,该算法对于指针式圆形仪表识别效果显著,定位表盘位置准确,指针识别和角度计算有较高的精度。     

基于机器视觉的指针式仪表示数识别方法研究

基于机器视觉技术实现指针式仪表数据的自动读取具有重要意义,针对现有方法中存在的识别精度不高等不足,提出一种基于标定的指针式仪表数据视觉读取方法。首先,基于标定模板完成仪表表盘最大、最小刻度线识别与斜率计算;其次,通过仪表表盘图像预处理及连通区域筛选得到指针大致区域;然后,融合Hough和边缘聚类与拟合方法实现仪表指针边缘的精确定位,进而实现指针数据的识别与读取;最后,以某品牌避雷器监测器为例,对上述方法进行实验验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确、稳定的识别出指针式仪表读数。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.