空心球/Al多孔材料动态力学性能的预测

对体积分数约为60%～70%的铝基飞灰多孔材料(CAPM)的动态力学性能进行了理论分析.用有限元方法评价了CAPM等效弹性模量,并对模拟值进行了理论修正.结果显示理论预测值和实验值吻合相当好.利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元显示动力学分析软件,对CAPM的动态压缩进行了数值模拟.     

空心球/Al多孔材料动态力学性能的预测EI

对体积分数约为60%～70%的铝基飞灰多孔材料(CAPM)的动态力学性能进行了理论分析.用有限元方法评价了CAPM等效弹性模量,并对模拟值进行了理论修正.结果显示理论预测值和实验值吻合相当好.利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元显示动力学分析软件,对CAPM的动态压缩进行了数值模拟.     

Si3N4 陶瓷蠕变性能MSP评价方法的理论与实验研究

基于薄板弯曲蠕变模型,对MSP(Modified Small Punch)蠕变试验进行了理论研究,建立了材料蠕变应力指数n的评价公式. 采用有限元分析软件MARC对MSP蠕变试验进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟采用的n值与评价结果n值进行了比较,12Cr1MoV钢和含Cr9%的钨合金钢分别相差1.6%和2.7%;SUS304不锈钢的MSP蠕变试验结果与传统单轴拉伸蠕变实验结果相差仅为2.9%,数值模拟结果的一致性与两种实验结果的吻合验证了理论公式的有效性. 在此基础上,通过对多孔Si3N4陶瓷蠕变性能的研究,发现多孔Si3N4陶瓷在温度为1000℃条件下不仅具有较好的延展性,而且有较大的蠕变变形;应用材料蠕变应力指数的理论公式,得到了多孔Si3N4陶瓷材料的应力指数. 研究结果表明,MSP蠕变试验方法在非金属材料高温蠕变性能的评价上具有广阔的应用前景.     

包覆型短碳纤维等效介电常数的模拟计算

基于等效电磁理论,推导了频率小于2GHz的包覆型短碳纤维的等效电磁参数方程.采用Matlab6.5软件对包覆型短碳纤维的等效电磁参数进行了模拟和计算,并讨论了包覆层体积分数和短碳纤维长径比对等效电磁参数的影响.结果表明,等效介电常数随着包覆层体积分数的增大而增大,当短碳纤维的长径比小于30时影响较大.包覆型短碳纤维的等效电磁参数方程的模拟结果与实验结果相对误差小于10%.     

TiAl合金高温锻造开坯过程数值模拟研究

利用商业化有限元模拟软件Deform-3D对TiAl合金高温锻造开坯工艺过程进行了数值模拟,获得了两步锻造时不同变形量组合下变形饼坯中等效应变场和断裂因子分布信息.模拟结果表明,采用60%+62.5%的两步锻造方式,锻后饼坯中的应变均匀性提高,且断裂因子数值最小.实际锻造实验结果显示,通过这种两步锻造方式,确实能够有效扩大锭坯的均匀变形区,且动态再结晶组织细小、均匀.     

用于阻尼器试验的斜拉索等效模型建模

该文提出一种便于试验室内布置的短梁模型等效斜拉索,利用该模型可进行足尺拉索阻尼器试验研究。等效原则为,附加阻尼器后等效模型一阶振动频率及模态阻尼与其原型按张紧弦理论计算得到的相应值相等。该文首先提出了等效模型的概念及参数;然后,对比水平张紧弦-线性粘滞阻尼器系统的振动分析理论,对等效模型进行了自由振动和有阻尼振动的参数分析,采用数值方法分析了模型的振动特性;最后比较模型与原型的振动特性,提出确定模型参数的方法。数值模拟结果表明:按上述方法得到的等效模型与原型一阶振动频率及附加相同阻尼器后模态阻尼比的差值均小于5%,等效模型具有良好的精度。     

颗粒层对声辐射抑制作用与数值模拟

通过裸钢板和敷设颗粒层后声辐射的对比实验,可知颗粒层可以有效的抑制声辐射.以不同材料特性的连续层组合作为颗粒层的等效模型,并且依据实验结果和有限元数值模拟确定等效层力学参数,对颗粒层的抑制作用进行数值模拟.结果表明,颗粒层对表面声辐射抑制的频率特性与等同面密度板在空气中的插入损失情况相似;采用含有空隙的主要为阻尼损耗的介质层和质量层组合可在有限元建模中模拟颗粒层.     

预胀对筒形件充液拉深变形和硬化的影响

为定量分析预胀对塑性成形的影响,以变形量差异较大的平底筒形件为研究对象,采用实验和数值模拟方法研究了预胀高度对双相钢DP340/590板材充液拉深的影响,分析了预胀对试件等效应变、壁厚减薄率和硬度分布的影响.研究表明,预胀显著增加平底筒形件底部的变形,即试件底部壁厚减薄率增加、硬度升高、等效应变增大.与普通充液拉深相比,相对预胀高度为20%时,试件等效应变差减小16.7%,底部维氏硬度值提高23.8%.     

气体辅助注塑成型充填数值模拟及其实验对比

气体辅助注塑成型的数值模拟能够为实际的生产提供指导作用,故模拟结果的准确性尤为重要。在深入剖析用中面模型与三维实体模型这两种方法进行气辅注塑成型充填过程模拟原理的基础上,对于具体的试样分别用这两种模型进行模拟,同时设计实验与这两种模型的模拟结果进行比较,发现在熔体的预注塑量为95%时,两种方法模拟的结果均与实验结果较好符合,但在熔体的预注塑量在90%和85%时用中面模型对气道采用圆管等效的方法计算出来的气体前峰穿透位置与实验值相差较大,而此时用三维实体模型进行的三维模拟结果与实验结果能较好地吻合。     

等效介质理论数值法计算复合材料的热膨胀系数

本文用一套等效介质理论的数值方法计算了球状微粒掺杂之各向同性复合材料及单向纤维增强之横观各向同性复合材料之线热膨胀系数,得到合理的结果,并与Schapery式、Kerner式之计算及实验值作出比较,显示了等效介质理论于复合材料热弹性能计算之适用性.      

Elastic property prediction of single-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper/polymer nanocomposites: stochastic bulk response modeling

In this study, we investigated the statistical relationship between nanostructure variations of carbon nanotube buckypaper-polymer (BPP) composites and their resulting elastic properties. A statistical simulation was developed to predict the elastic properties of a single-layer BPP lamina and extrapolated to the resultant bulk composite part. The stochastic characteristics of BPP composite nanostructure were quantified from experimental observations and used to generate the input for each simulation set performed. The Mori-Tanaka method was used to calculate the stiffness tensor within the buckypaper-polymer region, and a Monte-Carlo simulation was applied to generate the probability distribution for the effective stiffness tensor within each BPP lamina. Classical laminate theory was then employed to predict the effective elastic response for a multi-layered BPP composite laminate. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental data, and the resulting trends for the effective tensile modulus between experimental and theoretical corresponded well with each other.     

3D Modeling Effect of Spherical Inclusions on the Magnetostriction of Bulk Superconductors

In this paper, the dependence of the effective magnetostriction of bulk superconductors on the elastic parameters including the volume fraction and elastic modulus ratio is studied by a three-dimensional model consisting of a spherical inclusion–superconducting matrix system. The effect of the elastic modulus and volume fraction on the magnetostriction is also obtained through the magnetostriction loop. The results indicate that the elastic modulus and volume fraction have obvious effects on the effective magnetostriction of the superconducting composite, which gives an explanation about the differences between the experimental and the theoretical results. Furthermore, it is worth pointing out that the linear field dependence of magnetostriction is unique to the Bean model by comparing the curve shapes of the magnetostriction loop with and without inclusion.     

低弹性模量钛合金的研究进展

钛合金作为一种具有良好生物相容性、抗腐蚀性和力学性能的生物医用金属材料已经得到了实际应用。发展新型低弹性模量钛合金是该领域的研究热点之一。从理论设计和实验研究2个方面对低弹性模量钛合金的研究和发展现状进行了评述。以d电子合金设计方法和第一原理计算为代表的理论方法已经成为低弹性模量Ti合金设计的有效手段。多元合金化设计和优化的热机械处理工艺对发展新型多功能、高性能生物医用Ti合金十分重要。     

Young’s modulus of low-pressure cold sprayed composites: an analysis based on a minimum contact area model

A theoretical and mathematical model based on minimum contact area (MCA) is developed to explain the bonding that takes place in the low-pressure gas dynamic spray (LPGDS) process. It is shown that by normalizing this MCA it is possible to compare the relative elastic modulus as a function of porosity. Theoretical predictions of relative elastic modulus are compared against results obtained through acoustic analysis and it is found that the correlation between is dependent on the porosity. For low porosity, the experimental and theoretical results differ substantially, while for higher porosity there seems to be good agreement between the two. To explain this behaviour it is theorized that full adiabatic shear bands (ASB) are created between only some of the particles. The higher porosity causes higher strain in the samples and thus more local deformation of the particles. This, in turn, causes more actual ASB formation. Since the theoretical model assumes full ASB formation, only the higher porosities cause enough strain to have a comparable relative elastic modulus. For the lower porosities, the local strain is less, and some of the bonds will not achieve full ASB formation. For these cases, the relative elastic modulus will be lower than that predicted.     

Local variations of the dynamic elastic modulus around running cracks

The variation of the dynamic elastic modulus in the immediate vicinity of the tip of the running crack was studied through an iterative procedure, based on the theoretical expressions for the stress-field components and the experimental relation between strain rate and elastic modulus. It was found that the elastic modulus varied strongly around the tip of the crack, both in radial and polar sense. Also it was observed that the polar distribution of the elastic modulus presented clear off-axis extrema in directions that were in good agreement with experimentally measured branching angles, thus indicating a possible relation between these two phenomena.     

Enhancement mechanism of new type autoclaved calcium carbide residue shell-aggregate on concrete

Enhancement mechanism of new type autoclaved shell-aggregate on concrete was studied by the experiment, using the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the homogenization analysis methods. The experimental results indicate that effective elastic modulus of shell-aggregate match with the elastic modulus of the mortar matrix, which can explain the enhancement effect of shell-aggregate on mortar matrix. Homogenization method can reflect the actual contribution degree of autoclaved aggregate on concrete performance ideally. Errors between the calculated value and the measured value are only 5%, 6.7%, and 5.8% when the volume fractions of aggregate are 16%, 32%, and 44%, respectively. High strength of autoclaved shell-aggregate concrete is due to a combined action of matched elastic modulus between autoclaved shell-aggregate and mortar matrix, active gradient interface structure between shell-aggregate and mortar matrix, and small deviatoric tensor of stress between shell-aggregate and mortar matrix.     

孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性性能的影响

弹性常数是工程材料结构设计的重要参数.为了研究孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料弹性性能的影响,考虑了纤维增强相、基体相和界面相的孔隙缺陷,建立了孔隙缺陷随机分布的纤维丝尺度和纤维束尺度的双尺度单胞模型,采用均匀化方法预报了含孔隙缺陷的三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性常数,预报结果与实验结果吻合良好.在此基础上研究了孔隙率...     

Correlation between elastic and electric properties for cyclically loaded metals

A new method of evaluation of the elastic property deterioration due to accumulated damage is suggested and experimentally verified. It is based on the explicit correlations between two groups of anisotropic properties – conductivity and elasticity, recently established for porous/microcracked materials with anistropic microstructures. An experimental study of fatigue has been done to verify the theoretical predictions. The electrical resistance and Young's modulus are measured as functions of the number of loading cycles in the standard fatigue tests. The agreement between the theoretical predictions and the direct experimental data is better than 10% in all cases. The results allow one to use measurements of the electric resistance to estimate the damage accumulated in methal structures and the decrease of the elastic modulus.     

Investigated optical and elastic properties of Porous silicon: Theoretical study

Compatibility between experimental and theoretical works is achieved. Empirical Pseudopotential Method (EPM) is used to calculate the energy gap of Si which is found to be indirect. Features such as refractive index, optical dielectric constant, bulk modulus, elastic constants and short-range force constants have been investigated. In addition to the shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Lame’s constants for both bulk Si (p = 0%) and Porous silicon (PS) are derived. The calculated results are found to be in good agreement with other experimental and theoretical ones. Also, the Debye temperature of PS is estimated from the average sound velocity. To our knowledge, the optical properties using specific models and elasticity of PS are reported for the first time.     

Novel approach for measuring the effective shear modulus of porous materials

A new approach is proposed for the experimental study of the effective shear modulus of porous elastic materials using the uniaxial tension test. The idea is to measure strains at a few points surrounding a cluster of holes that represents the structure of the material. The representative cluster is placed in the material with the same elastic properties as those of the matrix. The measured strains lead to the properties of the equivalent circular inhomogeneity, which would produce the same elastic fields as from the cluster. An aluminum plate containing a cluster of seven circular or hexagonal holes was used. The effective shear modulus obtained from the strain data was compared with theoretical predictions and various bounds, and it was shown that the laboratory estimated values are quite accurate. The experimental technique can be used for the determination of the effective Poisson’s ratio of porous media and/or cellular solids if more detailed strain data are obtained.