植物源抗病毒剂20%丁香酚水乳剂防治番茄病毒病田间药效试验

[目的]研究植物源抗病毒剂20%丁香酚水乳剂对番茄病毒病的田间防治试验。[方法]以番茄病毒病为对象,采用田间小区药效试验的方法检测20%丁香酚水乳剂对其防治效果。[结果]田间药效试验结果表明:20%丁香酚水乳剂135 g a.i./hm2三次药后的防效为89.75%,高于对照药剂,差异显著。[结论]20%丁香酚水乳剂对番茄病毒病效果较好,对作物安全,是防治番茄病毒病的较好杀菌剂。     

天然化合物蛇床子素防治草莓白粉病

60gg／ml蛇床子素在处理草莓白粉菌24h后完全抑制其分生孢子的萌发。田间小区药效试验表明,1％蛇床子素水乳剂80～125μg／ml对草莓白粉病的防效达68．7％-79．5％,对照药剂10％,苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂100μg／ml防效达72．9％,15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂187．5μg/ml防效仅为45．6％。DMRT分析结果表明,1％蛇床子素水乳剂对草莓门粉病的防效与10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的防效相当,极显著高于15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂的防效。     

江苏新型生物农药获有机认证

<正>日前,由江苏省苏科农化有限责任公司与江苏省农科院食品安全研究所产地环境和投入品安全研究室联合首创的新型高效环保植物源农药"1%蛇床子素水乳剂"和"1%蛇床子素B·T悬乳剂"获得有机产品认证。     

江苏一新型生物农药获有机认证

<正>江苏省农科院食品安全研究所联合苏科农化有限责任公司首创的新型高效环保植物源农药"1%蛇床子素水乳剂"和"1%蛇床子素B.T悬乳剂",近日获得有机产品认证证书。该产品从此可用于农产品生产中最高安全等级—有机基地使用,防治蔬菜白     

13种生物源杀菌剂对华重楼灰霉病的防治

[目的]通过比较13种生物源杀菌剂对华重楼灰霉病的防治效果.为华重楼灰霉病的科学防治提供参考。[方法]在室内条件下基于菌丝生长抑制法测定了重楼灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea ES1对13种生物源杀菌剂的敏感性,在田间条件下,评价了4种生物源杀菌剂对华重楼灰霉病防治效果[结果]0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂、1%蛇床子素水乳剂、3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂对Botrytis cinerea ES1的菌丝生长有较好的抑制效果,其EC₅₀值均小于100 mg/L,在离体华重楼叶片上,4种药剂对华重楼灰霉病的保护作用在70%左右,田间防效在60%左右[结论]丁子香酚、蛇床子素、中生菌素和苦参碱对华重楼灰霉病菌B.cinerea ES1菌丝生长很好的抑制效果并且在田间对华重楼灰霉病的防治也表现良好,可用于华重楼灰霉病的预防,配合发病后的化学药剂一起使用。     

植物源杀虫剂对棉花苗蚜防治效果比较

[目的]为明确植物源杀虫剂对棉蚜的防治效果。[方法]对苦参碱、藜芦碱、印楝素、鱼藤酮、除虫菊素等5种常用植物源杀虫剂进行了田间防治试验。[结果]药后1 d,1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂和0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂表现最好,防效分别达78.10%和71.09%,速效性较强;药后3 d,各药剂处理对苗蚜表现出最佳防治效果,防效由高到低依次为1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、7.5%鱼藤酮乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂、0.5%苦参碱水剂、0.3%印楝素乳油,但0.3%印楝素乳油防效显著低于其他4种药剂处理;药后7 d,各药剂处理对苗蚜防效略有下降,但仍对苗蚜有较好的控制作用,除0.3%印楝素乳油外,其他4种药剂防效均高于60.00%;药后14 d,0.3%印楝素乳油防效较之前升高,其他各药剂处理防效下降,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂防效分别保持在50.45%和44.24%。药后14 d,施药区与对照区的捕食性瓢虫种群数量不存在显著差异,均显著高于化学杀虫剂处理。[结论]印楝素对苗蚜防效较低,除虫菊素、藜芦碱、鱼藤酮、苦参碱等4种植物源杀虫剂有效控制了棉蚜种群数量,同时对天敌安全性较高,可作为苗期棉蚜的防治药剂。     

25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂防治菜青虫田间药效试验

田间试验结果表明:25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂不同剂量对菜青虫2龄幼虫速效性好、持效期长,药后1～3 d防效町达91.00%～100%,药后7 d,对荣青虫的控制效果仍有87.05%～94.99%,与对照药剂甲维盐相近,极显著优于毒死蜱处理.25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂推荐用量为750 mL/hm2(制剂用量),防治适期宜掌握在2龄幼虫前.     

绿豆病毒病防治药剂筛选研究

为探寻防治绿豆病毒病的有效药剂,开展了5种药剂对绿豆病毒病的田间药效试验。结果表明,8%宁南霉素AS对绿豆病毒病的防治效果为70.73%、增产率为24.28%,与对照处理相比具有显著的防病和增产效果;0.06%甾烯醇ME虽然对绿豆病毒病的防治效果仅为53.56%,但增产率为32.70%,因此在生产中两者可交替使用。     

蛇床子素对稻曲病菌的抑菌活性及诱抗剂与其协同增效作用评价

[目的]明确蛇床子素对稻曲病菌的抑菌活性以及植物诱抗剂与其协同增效作用。[方法]采用生物学方法测定了蛇床子素对稻曲病菌菌株WC49和AC27的菌丝生长、产孢能力、培养滤液毒力和致病力的影响；田间药效试验测试了诱抗剂6%寡糖·链蛋白和生物药剂1%蛇床子素对稻曲病防治的协同增效作用。[结果]蛇床子素在质量浓度55 mg/L时，其对稻曲病菌菌丝生长、产孢能力、培养滤液毒力和致病力等有显著的抑制作用。田间试验结果表明诱抗剂和生物药剂分别在分蘖后期和叶枕平时期协同应用，2者的协同防治效果显著高于单独施用。[结论]蛇床子素对稻曲病菌有较好的抑菌活性，其与植物诱抗剂的协同应用具有很好的增效作用。     

1.6%狼毒素水乳剂及其复配剂对豌豆蚜的室内毒力测定

为明确狼毒制剂及其复配剂对豌豆蚜的触杀效果,采用点滴法,测定了70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂、40%乐果乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂4种单剂以及狼毒素与其他3种药剂的复配剂对豌豆蚜成蚜的杀虫活性。结果表明,供试药剂中,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂的触杀效果最好,1.6%狼毒素水乳剂的触杀效果最差。在1.6%狼毒素水乳剂与3种药剂的复配剂对豌豆蚜的触杀效果明显比单一药剂的触杀效果好。随着复配药剂浓度比的增大,3种复配剂的联合毒力对豌豆蚜的触杀效果均呈逐渐增强的趋势。     

Reduction of Rat Cardiac Hypertrophy by Osthol is Related to Regulation of Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism

The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of osthol, a coumarin compound isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, on cardiac hypertrophy in rats and investigate its potential mechanisms. The rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension were given osthol orally by gavage for 4 weeks. The results showed that in the osthol 20 mg/kg group, the blood pressure, heart weight index and myocardial malondialdehyde content were lowered (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.025, respectively), the myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase contents were increased (p < 0.001), and the elevated unesterified fatty acids and triacylglycerols in myocardial tissues were decreased (p = 0.017 and p = 0.004, respectively). At the same time, the myocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1a mRNA expressions were increased and the myocardial diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) mRNA expression was decreased in the osthol 20 mg/kg group (p < 0.001). Osthol treatment was associated with a decreased cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that osthol may exert a therapeutic effect on cardiac hypertrophy in rats, and its mechanisms may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress and lipid metabolism via regulation of PPARα-mediated target gene expressions including an increase in CPT-1a mRNA expression and a decrease in DGAT mRNA expression.     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定烟用香精中的蛇床子素和二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯

建立了同时测定烟用香精中蛇床子素和二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯的超高效液相色谱方法。以体积比为1∶1的乙腈-水溶液为萃取剂,采用ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18(2.1 mm i.d.×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,柱温30℃,乙腈水为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL/min,检测波长324 nm,对20种烟用香精样品进行测定。结果表明:蛇床子素和二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯标准品的色谱峰峰型尖锐且对称,两种物质的分离度大于1.5,在0.20～10.00mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);20种烟用香精中均未检测出蛇床子素和二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯;空白样品中添加高、中、低三个浓度水平的两种物质,检测所得蛇床子素的平均回收率在98.00%～100.44%之间,三日内相对标准偏差在0.74%～2.54%之间;二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯的平均回收率在99.41%～101.02%之间,三日内相对标准偏差在0.92%～2.27%之间。     

几种毒死蜱EW防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验

分别用30%毒死蜱EW、30%增效毒死蜱EW、10%毒死蜱·氟啶脲EW以及40%毒死蜱EC防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟。结果表明,30%毒死蜱EW与40%毒死蜱EC药效相当,其中10%毒死蜱·氟啶脲EW最终防效突出,添加增效剂后的30%毒死蜱EW最终防效高于普通30%毒死蜱EW,但速效性有所下降。     

3种植物源杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力测定和田间药效评价

为筛选对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治效果好的环境友好型杀虫剂,开展了蛇床子素、苦参碱以及印楝素3种常见植物源杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法,药后72 h苦参碱、印楝素、蛇床子素的LC50值分别为36.94,99.95,197.07 mg/L。田间试验中,药后21 d,0.3%苦参碱水剂3 000,2 000倍液校正防效分别为72.85%、79.54%;0.5%印楝素乳油3 000,2 000倍液校正防效分别为69.10%、76.29%;0.4%蛇床子素乳油3 750,2 500倍液校正防效分别为65.14%、70.04%。     

精噁唑禾草灵6.9%水乳剂防治烟地杂草药效试验

试验结果表明,精噁唑禾草灵6.9%EW1200,1500mL/hm2对禾本科杂草有明显的除草效果,其除草、保产效果明显优于精噁唑禾草灵6.9%EW600、900mL/hm2,稍高于乙草胺50%EC3000mL/hm2,是一种较理想的烟田除草剂。建议使用剂量为精噁唑禾草灵6.9%EW1200、1500mL/hm2和乙草胺50%EC3000mL/hm2,可推广应用。     

Fusarium Graminearum Growth Inhibition Due to Glucose Starvation Caused by Osthol

The effects of osthol, a plant coumarin, on morphology, sugar uptake and cell wall components of Fusarium graminearum were examined in vitro by electron microscopy,¹⁴C-labelling and enzyme activity detection. The results revealed that osthol could inhibit the hypha growth of F. graminearum by decreasing hyphal absorption to reducing sugar. After treatment with 100 μg·mL⁻¹ osthol for 24 h, many hyphal fragments of F. graminearum appeared. Microscopy observation showed that the cell walls of hyphal fragments blurred and the organelles of the cells degraded with the increasing vacuoles. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine contents and chitinase activity both increased when hypha were treated with 100 μg·mL⁻¹ osthol, whereas the activity of β-1,6-glucanase remained unchanged. When F. graminearum fed with ¹⁴C glucose was treated with 100 μg·mL⁻¹osthol, glucose contents decreased to the lowest level, while the contents in non-osthol treated controls remained unchanged. These results suggested that chitinase activity might be related to glucose starvation under osthol treatment, and that the appearance of hyphae fragments maybe the results of the promoted chitinase activity which itself triggered chitin degradation.     

烯酰吗啉水乳剂防治葡萄霜霉病试验

两种药剂不同处理对葡萄霜霉病的田间防效试验结果表明,10%烯酰吗啉EW900和600mL/hm2对葡萄霜霉病有较好的防效,第2次施药后14d的平均防效可高达83.3%和84.6%,极显著优于25%甲霜灵900g/hm2WP和10%烯酰吗啉EW150、300mL/hm2。10%烯酰吗啉EW900mL/hm2和EW600mL/hm2在防效上无差异,建议生产上使用10%烯酰吗啉EW600mL/hm2。     

35%丙噁·丁草胺EW水稻移栽后使用对稻田杂草的防除效果

为考察35%丙噁·丁草胺EW对稻田杂草的防治效果,2015年开展了田间试验。结果显示,35%丙噁·丁草胺EW、35%丙噁·丁草胺EW+20%氟酮磺草胺SC水稻移栽后使用对稻田杂草有很好的防除效果,两处理对稻田禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草株防效、鲜重防效均为100%,且对水稻安全。35%丙噁·丁草胺EW生产上具有推广应用价值。