Ni2P/rGO-Al2O3催化剂的表征及加氢脱氧性能

以鳞片石墨为原料,通过Hummer法合成氧化石墨(GO),然后与拟薄水铝石溶液充分混合后还原,得到还原氧化石墨烯 氧化铝复合载体(rGO-Al₂O₃),再采用浸渍法制备出负载型Ni₂P/rGO-Al₂O₃催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜、物理吸附仪和X射线衍射仪等手段对催化剂进行了表征。以苯甲醛加氢脱氧(HDO)制甲苯为反应体系,在反应温度300℃、压力2.5 MPa、反应时间4 h条件下,对比了rGO-Al₂O₃复合载体与单独rGO或Al₂O₃负载的Ni₂P催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,rGO-Al₂O₃具有发达的孔结构和较大的表面积,Ni₂P/rGO-Al₂O₃催化剂展现出良好的催化活性和选择性。     

Ni基双金属催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载于γ-Al₂O₃上的Ni基双金属催化剂,考察助剂金属(Mo, Co, Ce)对Ni基催化剂加氢脱氧反应性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、低温N₂物理吸附、NH₃程序升温脱附、H₂程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱等表征手段对催化剂进行表征。以正丁醇为模型化合物,在固定床微型反应装置上对催化剂的加氢脱氧性能进行评价,结果表明助剂Ce对催化剂加氢脱氧反应性能的促进作用最为显著,在210℃时基本实现正丁醇的完全转化,助剂Mo对C—O键的活化能力更强,对产物正丁烷的选择性明显高于其余助剂。     

柠檬酸与磷的改性对Ni-Mo/Al2O3焦化蜡油加氢脱氮性能的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,Ni-Mo为活性金属组分,采用等体积溶液浸渍法制备了焦化蜡油加氢处理催化剂Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃。在浸渍液中分别加入柠檬酸、磷酸二氢铵,以及同时加入柠檬酸和磷酸二氢铵,得到改性的催化剂Ni-Mo-CA/Al₂O₃、Ni-Mo-P/Al₂O₃和Ni-Mo-P-CA/Al₂O₃,采用NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、UV-Vis DRS和HRTEM等手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征,考察了柠檬酸和磷改性对催化剂的性质和加氢脱氮活性的影响。结果表明,磷改性提高了Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂的表面酸量,但降低了其加氢脱氮活性;柠檬酸的改性提高了Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂的加氢脱氮活性,但降低了催化剂的表面酸量;柠檬酸 磷的组合改性使Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂同时具有较高的表面酸量和加氢脱氮活性。柠檬酸-磷的组合改性使Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂的表面形成了更多的高活性Mo物种,活性金属有着更高的分散性,MoS₂堆垛层数集中分布在2层和3层,从而使其对焦化蜡油的加氢脱氮活性得到了大幅提升。     

Ni-Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3催化1,5-双-(四氢呋喃基)-3-戊酮加氢脱氧制备长链烷烃的研究

设计了以γ-Al₂O₃为酸性载体、非贵金属Ni和Nb₂O₅为活性中心的催化剂x%Ni-y%Nb₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃(x%为Ni质量分数,x=1,2,3,4,5;y%为Nb₂O₅质量分数,y=10,20),考察催化剂中Ni、Nb₂O₅含量和反应工艺条件对该催化剂催化生物燃料含氧中间体1,5-双-(四氢呋喃基)-3-戊酮加氢脱氧反应的影响。结果表明：在反应温度为260℃、H₂压力为3MPa、反应时间为24h的条件下,4%Ni-20%Nb₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃催化1,5-双-(四氢呋喃基)-3-戊酮加氢脱氧制备长链烷烃的碳摩尔收率总和达89.6%,其中C₁₁烷烃、C₁₂烷烃和C<...     

Ru基负载型催化剂对2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二酮加氢效果的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体、贵金属Ru为活性组分,制备了Ru基单金属催化剂Ru/Al₂O₃,并以2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二酮(TMCB)为原料,在高压反应釜加氢反应评价装置上进行催化加氢合成2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇(CBDO)的工艺研究,并考察了相关工艺条件对加氢反应TMCB转化率和CBDO选择性的影响。实验结果表明,适宜反应条件为反应温度120℃、反应时间2 h、H₂压力4 MPa,在此条件下,TMCB的转化率为100%,CBDO的选择性为70.4%,顺反异构比为1.03。     

氧化物掺杂HY分子筛催化剂对碳四烷基化反应性能的影响

将Al₂O₃中掺入不同氧化物作为黏结剂,然后和HY分子筛通过挤条成型制备不同氧化物掺杂Y-Al₂O₃催化剂,采用XRD、XRF、BET、MAS NMR、NH₃-TPD、Py-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂作用下异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应性能。结果表明：Al₂O₃黏结剂和HY分子筛之间的相互作用可以增强催化剂的酸量和酸强度,进而提高HY分子筛催化剂在C₄烷基化反应中的寿命和选择性;在催化剂用量5 g、温度75℃、压力3 MPa、质量流量100 g/h条件下,相比于未掺杂氧化物的催化剂,SiO₂掺杂Al₂O₃黏结剂制备的催化剂作用下异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应的选择性和稳定性大幅改善,Y-Al₂O₃-SiO₂催化剂作用下目标产物C₈平均选择性为80.2%,催化剂寿命...     

H2O2直接氧化甲苯合成邻/对甲酚

以甲苯为底物、H₂O₂为氧化剂、乙腈为溶剂、过渡金属盐及其氧化物为催化剂,经液相氧化直接生成邻/对甲酚。考察催化剂、催化剂用量、溶剂、反应温度、氧化剂用量、氧化剂浓度和反应时间等工艺条件对甲苯转化率、邻/对甲酚选择性的影响,通过气相色谱和质谱进行结构表征。结果表明：以FeSO₄为催化剂、乙腈为溶剂,在H₂O₂与甲苯的物质的量之比为5、催化剂与甲苯质量比为0.10、反应温度80℃、反应时间1.0 h条件下,甲苯转化率达12.6%,邻甲酚选择性为25.6%,对甲酚选择性为25.1%。甲苯液相直接氧化法弥补了制备酚类化合物传统方法的不足,工艺流程短、原子利用率好,反应副产物为H₂O,无污染,是一条绿色清洁的工艺路线,为H₂O₂直接氧化制备酚类化合物提供理论基础。     

稀土La改性NiO/Al2O3重整生成油加氢催化剂的研究

以氢氧化铝干胶为原料,采用等体积浸渍法制备La改性NiO/Al₂O₃催化剂,以溴指数为3 836 mgBr/（100 g）的重整生成油为原料,在10 mL固定床微反装置上考察了La₂O₃引入顺序以及La₂O₃负载量对NiO/Al2O3催化剂选择性加氢脱烯烃性能的影响。结果表明：在反应压力1.0 MPa、体积空速8 h^-1、氢油体积比25的条件下,先La后Ni方式制备的La₂O₃负载量为1.0%的催化剂具有良好的烯烃加氢选择性,芳烃损失小于1.0%,溴指数低于200 mgBr/（100 g）。     

介孔Ni/Al2O3催化剂用于月桂酸甲酯加氢脱氧：Al2O3结构和物相的影响

通过高温焙烧制备了介孔Al₂O₃载体,再用湿浸渍法制备了负载型介孔催化剂Ni/Al₂O₃。利用XRD,N₂吸附-脱附,H₂-TPD等对催化剂进行了表征,并以月桂酸甲酯为反应物,评价了催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。实验结果表明,制备的Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂保持了载体Al₂O₃的介孔结构,且随载体焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积降低、平均孔径增大、金属Ni的晶粒尺寸增大、活性氢物种的供应能力呈火山型变化趋势。载体比表面积的适当降低,有利于催化剂表面活性中心的形成,提高催化剂的活性氢物种供应能力;催化剂孔径增大能促进反应物和产物分子的迁移扩散。NiAl-700具有最佳的活性氢物种供应能力和大的平均孔径,在400℃、2.0 MPa、H₂/油体积比500、液态空速1.5 h^-1的条件下,月桂酸甲酯转化率为77.53%,烷烃选择性为71.0%,主...     

ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛担载Pd和Pt制备加氢脱硫催化剂

将ZSM-5溶于偏硅酸钠水溶液,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂,用水热合成法自组装合成了具有较强酸性和不同SiO₂/Al₂O₃摩尔比(n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃))的ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛（记为ZM(x),x=n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)）。以二苯并噻吩（DBT）质量分数为0.8%的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物,考察了Si-MCM-41和ZM(x)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂催化加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的活性。结果表明,担载Pt和Pd不会破坏ZM(x)的介孔结构;DBT在Pd催化剂上主要通过加氢路径脱硫,而在Pt催化剂上则直接脱硫和加氢2条反应路径并重;Si-MCM-41为载体的催化剂HDS活性较低并且失活较快,以ZM(x)为载体的Pd和Pt催化剂加氢活性、加氢脱硫活性、加氢裂化活性及稳定性都有显著提高;ZM(x)担载的Pt和Pd催化剂催化HDS反应的活性可能与其活性组分分散度以及载体的B酸和L酸比例（B/L）有关,具有较好的活性组分分散度和较高B/L比例的ZM(60)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂表现出最佳的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性。     

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by CCVD of natural gas using hydrotreating catalysts

Carbon nanotubes have been successfully synthesized using the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique over typical refining hydrotreating catalysts (hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation) containing Ni–Mo and Co–Mo supported on Al₂O₃ catalysts at 700°C in a fixed bed horizontal reactor using natural gas as a carbon source. The catalysts and the as-grown CNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction patterns, EDX and TGA–DTG. The obtained data clarified that the Ni–Mo catalyst gives higher yield, higher purity and selectivity for CNTs compared to Co–Mo catalyst. XRD, TEM and TGA reveal also that the Ni–Mo catalyst produces mostly CNTs with different diameters whereas the Co–Mo catalyst produces largely amorphous carbon.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Evaluation of Mesoporous MCM-41-supported Molybdenum Hydrotreating Catalysts

Abstract

Mesoporous MCM-41 material with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution was synthesized and used as a support for Mo, CoMo, and NiMo catalysts. The molybdenum loading was varied from 2–14 wt% on MCM-41. On 10 wt% Mo/MCM-41, the promoter Co or Ni concentration was varied from 1–5 wt%. All the catalyst samples were characterized by surface area, low temperature oxygen chemisorption, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed reduction methods. Characterization results show that Mo is well dispersed on MCM-41 up to 10 wt%. The catalytic activities were evaluated for thiophene hydrodesulphurization (HDS), cyclohexene hydrogenation (HYD), and furan hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). All three catalytic functionalities vary in a similar manner to that of oxygen chemisorption as a function of Mo loading, indicating that there is a correlation between oxygen uptake and catalytic sites. The activities of these catalysts were compared with γ-Al₂O₃- and amorphous SiO₂-supported catalysts. It was found that MCM-41-supported Mo catalysts displayed superior activities.     

预处理方法对Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱氧性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用BET、XRD、NH3-TPD等方法对还原态和硫化态Mo-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并以模型化合物乙酸和F-T合成轻质油为原料,研究了还原态和硫化态催化剂的加氢脱氧(HDO)性能。结果表明,还原态催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,活性组分分散度较高;硫化态催化剂的酸性大于还原态催化剂。还原态催化剂具有比硫化态催化剂更好的HDO催化活性,不论是对模型化合物乙酸还是F-T合成轻质油都能获得更高的转化率;但用模型化合物乙酸的研究结果表明,硫化态催化剂不利于C—C键的断裂。     

CoMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

采用共沸蒸馏-均匀沉淀法辅以超声波分散技术制备了纳米γ-Al2O3(γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)),并以γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)与商品γ-Al2O3(γ-Al2O3(Ⅱ))为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制得了Co与Mo负载量(分别以CoO与MoO3的质量分数计)分别为6%和16%的CoMo/γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)与CoMo/γ-A12O3(Ⅱ)催化剂,采用间歇搅拌釜考察了催化剂的苯酚加氢脱氧性能。BET,SEM,XRD,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD表征结果表明,γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)载体呈纤维介孔状,具有较大的比表面积、孔体积及适宜的孔分布。相对于CoMo/γ-A12O3(Ⅱ)催化剂,CoMo/γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)催化剂的活性组分高度分散于γ-Al2O3(Ⅰ)载体表面,还原性能较高,酸中心较多。苯酚加氢脱氧反应结果表明,CoMo/γ-A12O3(Ⅰ)催化剂具有较高的加氢脱氧活性,苯酚转化率为79.2%,苯选择性为89.3%。     

芘在不同加氢催化剂上反应性能的比较

 制备了CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃、NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃和NiW/γ-Al₂O₃ 3种不同金属配伍的加氢催化剂,在连续流动固定床微反装置上对其芘的加氢活性以及产物分布选择性进行评价,并考察在原料芘中添加吡啶对催化剂芘加氢性能的影响。结果表明,在相同反应条件下,NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对芘的加氢活性较高,NiW/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的芘加氢转化率受吡啶的影响最小;相同芘转化率下,CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的芘中间环加氢产物选择性较高。     

CoMo/MgO催化剂的制备及其对4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫性能

以高比表面积的纳米氧化镁(MgO)为载体,分别以四硫代钼酸铵、钼酸铵为Mo源,采用浸渍法制备了MgO负载的催化剂CoMo/MgO-S和CoMo/MgO-O;并对硫化后的催化剂进行了N₂吸附-脱附、XPS、TEM等系列表征;以4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)为模型化合物,考察了CoMo/MgO-S和CoMo/MgO-O的加氢脱硫活性。结果表明：与CoMo/MgO-O催化剂相比,CoMo/MgO-S具有比表面积大、Mo物种的硫化程度高、活性相堆垛层数多等特点;以CoMo/MgO-S为催化剂,4,6-DMDBT的转化率为70.8%,分别高于CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃-O和CoMo/MgO-O催化剂的59.8%和52.3%;进一步消除传质的影响,得到CoMo/MgO-S催化剂的催化转化频率(TOF)为2.2 h^-1,优于CoMo/MgO-O催化剂。     

Effect of surface modification of the support of hydrotreating catalysts with transition metal oxides (sulfides) on their catalytic properties

CoMo/MeO _x (S _y )/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been synthesized on supports modified with oxides (sulfides) of transition metals (Co, Ni, Mn, and Zn) using decamolybdodicobaltic heteropoly acid H₆[Co₂Mo₁₀O₃₈H₄]. A correlation between the activity of the catalysts and the ability of transition metal sulfides to accumulate molecular hydrogen has been found in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and in the hydrotreating of the diesel fraction. It has been shown that the presence on the surface of Al₂O₃ of sulfides (NiS _x , CoS _x ) capable of activating hydrogen has a positive effect on the activity of the supported catalysts. It has been found that the hydrogen spillover effect, which was studied in a range of 300–350°C, contributes to an increase in the hydrogenating function of the catalyst systems.     

Catalytic Coprocessing of Delayed Coker Light Naphtha with Light Straight-run Naphtha/FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Upgrading of delayed coker light naphtha (DCLN) is difficult due to its high diolefin and silicon content. Mixtures of light straight-run naphtha (LSRN) and DCLN fractions were hydrotreated in two stages over NiMo/Al₂O₃ and CoMo/Al₂O₃ catalysts (diolefin saturation followed by hydrodesulphurization (HDS). Naphtha fractions free of diolefins, olefins, sulfur, and silicon were produced, which are excellent feeds for naphtha isomerization. One-stage selective HDS tests were also conducted with blends of DCLN (up to 5 vol%) and fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline over CoMo/Al₂O₃. Diolefin-free products of <10 mg/kg sulfur could be produced with a research octene number (RON) loss of max. 3.     

γ-Al2O3负载的Mo及Ni-Mo氮化物、碳化物的合成及其加氢脱氧性能

 以负载于γ-Al₂O₃的Mo及Ni-Mo金属氧化物为前躯体,采用程序升温方法,分别制备了负载型Mo及Ni-Mo氮化物和碳化物催化剂。采用元素分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)技术对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,并考察了它们对苯甲酸乙酯的加氢脱氧(HDO)反应的催化性能。结果表明,负载型Mo及Ni-Mo氮化物及碳化物对苯甲酸乙酯HDO反应都具有很高的催化活性,且碳化物比氮化物更为稳定。在HDO反应过程中,积炭可能是造成催化剂失活的重要原因。     

PREPARATION OF NEW TYPE CATALYST WITH GOOD PROPERTIES FOR HYDRODESULFURIZATION

ABSTRACT

The CoMo/TiA catalyst for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and its composite support TiA with industrial scale had been produced through the certain process and the studied range of ratio of TiO₂/(TiO₂ + Al₂O₃) was enlarged. The good properties of the support TiA were attributed to its special pore structure. When the ratio of TiA/(TiA + Al₂O₃) was 0.80, the specific surface area of the support and its pore volume reached their maximum respectively. The range of atom ratio of Co/(Co + Mo) of the catalyst CoMo/TiA from 0.25–0.31 proved best, during which activity of the catalyst reached the maximum. The disperse state of TiO₂ on the surface of TiA and effect of the promoter Co content on the surface structure of the catalyst had been studied by XRD, LRS and XPS. The analytic results showed that 0.47 g TiO₂/g γ-Al₂O₃ was the schwellenwert for the coverage of TiO₂ on the surface of TiA. Beyond this, TiO₂ lies on the surface of TiA with a single layer; otherwise, it existed in the form of TiO₂ crystal phase (anatase phase). When adding a few promoters Co into the catalyst, the dispersity of MoO₃ on the surface of the support TiA increased remarkably and activity of this catalyst was also improved.