油酸三（2-羟乙基）异氰尿酸磷酸酯对矿物润滑油生物降解性及摩擦学性能的影响

采用润滑剂生物降解快速测定仪和四球试验机研究了制备的油酸三（2-羟乙基）异氰尿酸磷酸酯（简称OHTP）对400 SN矿物基础油生物降性和摩擦学性能的影响,考察了其油溶性,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分别分析了磨斑的表面形貌及元素的化学状态。试验结果表明：OHTP具有良好的油溶性,明显提高了基础油的生物降解性、极压性能和抗磨减摩性能;XPS的分析表明OHTP在摩擦表面形成了由吸附膜和摩擦化学反应产生的FePO4, Fe3(PO4)2, Fe2O3 及 Fe3O4的化学反应膜组成的复杂的边界润滑膜,从而提高了基础油的极压、抗磨和减摩等摩擦学性能。     

磁场对含与不含磷酸三甲酚酯润滑油摩擦学特性的影响

在四球摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦区域外置磁场,考察了有无磁场条件下150SN基础油和含磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP)润滑油的摩擦学特性,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨斑表面形貌和典型元素的化学状态。摩擦学测试结果表明磁场增强了基础油和含TCP润滑油的抗磨性能,削弱了两者的减摩性能。磁场作用下磨斑表面的磨损程度更轻微,特别是经含TCP润滑油润滑后的磨斑。XPS表明含TCP润滑油中的磨斑表面生成了主要含有Fe2O3, Fe3O4 和 FePO4等化合物的摩擦化学反应膜。磁场中摩擦副亚表层中O和P元素的含量比无磁场环境中高,推测磁场对含TCP润滑油抗磨性能的增强作用和对减摩性能的削弱作用是因为磁场促进了TCP中O和P元素向摩擦副亚表层的扩散。     

一种高效极压抗磨复合添加剂

介绍了MT-10添加剂的极压抗磨性能,球柱型磨损试验、齿轮油擦伤试验和四球极压性能试验结果均表明,该添加剂在多元醇酯中的抗磨极压性能优于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)和多种复合添加剂.MT-10有较好的抗氧化性能和对铜无腐蚀.     

新型氮硫无灰添加剂的合成及润滑性考察

 为了研究新型多功能氮硫化合物的摩擦学性能,合成了S-苯并咪唑亚甲基O-辛基黄原酸酯(BO)、S-苯并咪唑亚甲基O-十二烷基黄原酸酯(BD)和S-苯并咪唑亚甲基O-十六烷基黄原酸酯(BH) 3个新型氮硫化合物。采用IR、UV、1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析表征其结构。采用热重分析(TGA)评价其热稳定性,得到它们的起始分解温度均高于243℃,可以满足一般工况条件的要求。在四球摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了所合成的BO、 BD和BH在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能。结果表明,3种新型氮硫化合物作为添加剂可以提高液体石蜡的极压性能,并能改善其抗磨性能;其中极压性能最好的是BD,抗磨性能最好的是BH。     

几种噻二唑二聚体衍生物的摩擦学性能研究

合成了3种噻二唑二聚体衍生物。采用红外光谱仪对其结构进行了表征;用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其在蒸馏水中的摩擦学性能;用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）分析了磨斑表面典型元素的化学状态。结果表明,添加剂在水中具有优良的承载能力和极压性能,并在一定程度上改善了水的抗磨减摩性能;在摩擦过程中,磨斑表面形成了含氮的吸附膜和含Fe2O3,FeS,FeSO4的化学反应膜,二者协同作用使添加剂在摩擦过程中具有良好的抗磨减摩性能。     

甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯提高矿物基础油的生物降解性和摩擦学性能

制备了甲基二乙醇胺正辛酸酯和甲基二乙醇胺油酸酯，采用润滑剂生物降解快速测定仪和四球试验机分别研究了这两种甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯对400SN矿物基础油生物降性和摩擦学性能的影响，试验结果表明甲基二乙醇胺正辛酸酯和甲基二乙醇胺油酸酯明显促进了基础油的生物降解，提高了基础油的摩擦学性能。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了磨斑的表面形貌及元素的化学状态，试验结果表明这两种甲基二乙醇胺脂肪酸酯在磨斑表面形成了由吸附膜和摩擦化学反应产生的Fe2O3 ，Fe3O4及含氮化合物的化学反应膜组成的复杂的边界润滑膜，从而提高了基础油的抗磨减摩性能。     

一种磷氮型极压抗磨剂在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能

研究了一种磷氮型极压抗磨剂在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦学性能，通过四球试验、SRV试验和振荡摩擦磨损试验比较了基础脂和含有添加剂润滑脂的极压抗磨减摩性能，并通过三维形貌仪进行了形貌分析，验证试验结果。结果表明：磷氮型极压抗磨剂添加质量分数为3.0%时具有突出的抗磨和减摩性能及较好的极压性能，极压减摩抗磨机理是磷氮型添加剂在摩擦副表面形成含氮富磷的边界润滑膜。     

航空润滑油极压抗磨剂的摩擦学性能研究

对含有磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）、α-巯基苯并噻唑（MBT）和硫代磷酸三苯酯（TPPT）三种极压抗磨剂的航空润滑油，分别运用四球摩擦试验机、磨粒铁谱分析技术和俄歇电子能谱表面分析技术对它们的摩擦学特性进行了研究，结果表明：硫代磷酸三七酯由于在摩擦表面生成了有机和无机的混合膜，使其既能起到良好的作用，又不至于因大的活性而引起腐蚀磨损，从而具有最佳的极压抗磨性能。     

稀土La_2O_3在润滑油中的减摩抗磨性能研究

考察了La2O3作为润滑添加剂在400SN基础油中的减摩抗磨性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDX)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析磨损表面,并探讨了摩擦学机理。结果表明:La2O3粒子经油酸改性后在油中的分散性能得到提高;在摩擦试验中,加入未改性La2O3粒子的试油具有较好的抗磨性能,加入改性La2O3粒子的试油具有较好的减摩性能;磨损表面形成的Fe2O3-La2O3合金层使得摩擦过程平稳,抗磨性能增强。     

硫元素对磷系极压抗磨添加剂摩擦学性能的影响及表面膜分析

本文选择了一种只含磷活性元素的磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和一种同时含硫、磷活性元素的硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)作为菜籽油的极压抗磨添加剂,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上对比了他们的摩擦学特性差异,并应用X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)考察了他们形成的热膜和摩擦膜的表面典型元素的化学状态。结果表明:2种添加剂在菜籽油中都有很好的减摩抗磨以及极压性能,在392N时所有的添加量下,T306的抗磨性能均优于T309,低添加量时T306的减摩性能优于T309,而T309的极压性能优于T306。表面膜分析可以发现,2种添加剂形成的摩擦膜中磷元素的存在形式都是磷酸盐和低聚磷酸盐,T309形成的摩擦膜中硫元素的存在形式是硫酸盐以及有机硫化物。     

Prevention of Spontaneous Combustion of Sulfur-Containing Oil Tanks

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide in oil tanks can react with the corrosion products from inner walls (Fe₂ O₃, Fe₃ O₄, and Fe(OH)₃) to form ferrous sulfide. When the reaction is exothermic, it results in spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide and fires in oil tanks. In this paper, the effects of air flow rate; existence of water, oil, and monocrystal sulfur; and particle sizes of ferrous sulfide on the spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide are discussed and the measures to prevent the spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide are brought forward.     

Study on the Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Oil

Desulfurization efficiencies were studied in this article using H₂O₂, H₂O₂-CH₃COOOH, Fe²⁺-H₂O₂-CH₃COOOH, and KMnO₄-CH₃COOOH as oxidants. The experimental result indicated that the desulfurization rate was higher than 88.2% when the volume content of oxidant to oil was 9% at 40°C for 30 min when KMnO₄-CH₃COOOH was used as the oxidant.     

Gasoline sulfur reduction additives – model component study

ZnAl₂O₄, MgAl₂O₄, and CuAl₂O₄ spinel based additives were characterized and evaluated in micro activity test unit at the fluid catalytic cracking unit conditions along with base equilibrium FCC catalyst at 10 weight percent concentration by using once through hydrocracker unit bottom feed (base feed) and the base feed spiked with thiophene model component. The sulfur shifting in liquid products such as light cycle naphtha, heavy cycle naphtha, light cycle oil and clarified oil were studied. Each additive was studied for their hydrogen transfer, aromatization, alkylation functionalities and preferential sulfur components cracking /removal.     

车用废润滑油中酸性组分的高分辨质谱分析

车用新鲜及废润滑油样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表明,两者中均存在羧基及羟基官能团,即存在酸性组分。利用具有超高分辨率的负离子电喷雾-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS)分析了车用新鲜及废润滑油中酸性化合物的组成及分布。结果表明,从新鲜润滑油中鉴定出的酸性化合物主要为O3、O1及O2类,而从废润滑油中鉴定出的酸性化合物则主要为O3、O2、O4及O1类。经对比分析可知,新鲜润滑油中的酸性化合物在废润滑油中均存在,其种类及所占比例基本未发生变化,但绝对含量不同;废润滑油中新产生的O3、O2及O1类酸性化合物种类较多,但其所占比例较小;车用新鲜与废润滑油中酸性组分的显著差异在于后者中产生了前者所没有的O4类化合物,且所占比例较大。     

Recovery of Asphaltenic Oil During Nano Fluid Injection

SiO₂, NiO, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are used for absorb asphaltene and prevent their precipitation. For the experiment, water and nanoparticle featured water are injected into micromodel that contained the synthetic oil. The synthetic oil includes asphaltenic components and n-heptane, and volume percentage of each one differs in every experiment. The results show that when n-heptane volume percentage is higher, asphaltene aggregation is more when water is injected. Although, during nanoparticle featured water injection when there is higher n-heptane volume percentages, asphaltene are absorbed on nanoparticle surfaces, which prevents precipitation. Also, it was obtained that SiO₂ is the most efficient nanoparticle for this purpose that leads to the maximum recovery.     

Transition metal oxide nanoparticles as surfaces for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of asphaltenes

We report the first use of NiO, Fe₃O₄, TiO₂, and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles as surfaces for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry of asphaltenes. Higher signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) for asphaltene species were observed using NiO and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for SALDI as compared to LDI, where both surfaces consistently provided 2- to 3-fold improved S/Ns. The new SALDI detection method showed reliable adsorption data measuring supernatant solutions after 24 hour asphaltene adsorption on NiO, Fe₃O₄, and Co₃O_4. These results indicated that NiO has a higher adsorption affinity than Fe₃O₄ and Co₃O₄ for asphaltene molecules, corroborating reported asphaltene adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles.     

The effect of nanoparticles on oil sludge biodegradation by Chromohalobacter sp. isolated from the Bahregan area in the Persian Gulf

In this study, sampling was performed from oil-sludge-contaminated site from Bahregan area in the Persian Gulf of Iran. Alkane-degrading bacteria from oil sludge were isolated by chemotaxis in hydroxylase gene. Thus, Chromohalobacter strain was selected as useful strain for the biodegradation of oil sludge. The biodegradation of oil sludge by Chromohalobacter in the absence and presence of nanoparticles in light and dark conditions was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Results of analysis showed that although Chromohalobacter is capable of the biodegradation of oil sludge, Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with this bacterium increase the biodegradation in a short time.     

Reduction of NOx in fluid catalytic cracking flue gas over Mg-Al spinel modified with transition metal oxides

Mg-Al spinel modification with transition metal oxides of CuO, Mn₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ was prepared to catalyze the NO+CO reaction for the DeNOx of fluid catalytic cracking flue gas. Mg-Al spinel modification with CuO showed the best catalytic performance for the easy adsorption of CO on CuO. The Cu⁺ in amorphous state of the catalyst surface was contributed for the main adsorption site of CO from the characterization results by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technology. The additive amount of CuO was optimized to 4%, and the excess CuO sintered and converted to crystal phase.     

天然气处理厂精馏塔堵塞成因及防治对策研究

目的 解决因精馏塔堵塞导致的甲醇产品回收效果差、设备频繁停运检修及水处理效率降低等一系列问题。方法 在精馏塔内选取不同高度的试验点进行腐蚀监测,并结合室内含醇污水水质和堵塞物分析及X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)等手段,对比分析了该厂精馏塔堵塞的原因。结果 与2017年相比,2019年含醇污水矿化度显著升高,成垢阳离子和氯离子含量也大幅提升,结垢预测结果为更易产生CaCO₃垢。结论 精馏塔堵塞原因主要为结垢堵塞,且点蚀现象较为严重。2017年的堵塞物主要成分为Fe₂O₃、CaCO₃和CaMg(CO₃)₂,2019年的堵塞物主要成分为Fe₃O₄和CaCO₃。2019年,精馏塔堵塞的主要原因是高温下CaCO₃结垢和Fe₃O₄堵塞塔板。通过提高含醇污水pH值、优化药剂种类及加量解决精馏塔堵塞...     

Synergistic effect of nanoparticles and Thalassospira sp. isolated from Bahregan area in biodegradation of oil sludge

Oil sludge is obtained from the contaminated site of Bahregan area in the Persian Gulf in Iran. Chemotaxis was used for the isolation of alkane-degrading bacteria from oil sludge and the alk genes were determined with specific primers. bac1 identified in Thalassospira was selected as a powerful strain for biodegradation of oil sludge. Biodegradation of oil sludge by bac1 in the presence of nanoparticles was investigated by GC-MS analysis. Synergistic effect of Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on bacteria increases the biodegradation of oil sludge and produces cyclosiloxane compound which is used in the field of medicine; however, the Thalassospira reduced its toxicity in the environment.