枯草芽孢杆菌产芽孢发酵培养基的优化研究

在三角瓶培养条件下,采用单因素实验对枯草芽孢杆菌B53发酵培养基碳源、氮源进行了优化。在此基础上进行了正交实验,确定了菌株B53最佳的产孢发酵培养基为葡萄糖25g/L、大豆蛋白胨14g/L、玉米浆17g/L、NaCl 3g/L,MgSO_4 0.2g/L。在最优条件下发酵培养,芽孢浓度为9.6×10~9个/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产烟酰胺酶的发酵工艺条件优化

对已筛选出的菌株枯草芽孢杆菌N-17进行发酵条件优化,利用单因素实验方法,对烟酰胺酶的发酵培养基的组分及发酵条件进行优化,确定了各因素的最适值.结果表明:该菌株在温度28℃,起始pH值7.0,己内酰胺浓度为0.2％,葡萄糖1.2％,酵母粉0.6％,Mg2+0.02％时,产烟酰胺酶活性最大,酶活比之前提升了213.8％.     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产腐植酸条件研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌为生产菌株,在蔗渣发酵培养基的基础上,采用一次回归正交试验,对腐植酸发酵过程中接种量、通气量（搅拌次数）、温度及时间4个因素对腐植酸产量的影响情况进行分析。试验结果表明,发酵时间对腐植酸产量的影响最为显著;所得到的回归方程有效且可信度高,回归方程为：y=4．6844＋0．0325I＋0．0208A-0．0419e＋O．2025D。其中,发酵时间、接种量和通气量与腐植酸产量呈正相关,温度与腐植酸产量呈负相关。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Dg5041液体发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸

以枯草芽孢杆菌Dg5041为生产菌,对其摇瓶发酵生产γ–聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的工艺进行研究,通过单因素实验和正交实验获得了该菌的优化培养条件。优化的培养基组成为:葡萄糖35 g/L,酵母膏10 g/L,谷氨酸钠40 g/L,MgSO41.0 g/L,K2HPO4 2.0 g/L,MnSO40.5 g/L,pH 7.0,250 mL锥形瓶装液量50 mL。菌种在37℃,120 r/min培养24 h加入5%NaCl后继续培养24 h,γ-PGA产量达到18.54 g/L。研究结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌Dg5041是一株很有潜力的γ-PGA高产菌。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

选用玉米粉、豆饼粉、KH_2PO_4及Na_2HPO_4为基础配方,通过单因素实验对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵产中性蛋白酶的发酵培养基、培养条件、发酵条件进行优化。确定了优化的发酵培养基为:20g·L~(-1)甘油,30g·L~(-1)豆饼粉,2mmol·L~(-1)氯化钙,0.3g·L~(-1 )KH_2PO_4,4g·L~(-1 )Na_2HPO_4;优化的培养条件为:培养温度30℃,接种量5%。调控发酵培养基pH值7.0控制发酵,发酵24h酶活达到7 344U·mL~(-1)。进行流加甘油实验,培养温度30℃,发酵过程控制pH值7.0,调整转速和通风量控制溶氧30%～35%,接种量5%,经过30h发酵,酶活达到10 654U·mL~(-1),较未补料提高了45%。     

一株采油枯草芽孢杆菌发酵条件优化

对一株适用于采油的枯草芽孢杆菌发酵培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化。通过实验室内的摇床发酵,得到优化后培养基为:蔗糖50 g/L,NaNO_3 3.4 g/L,NH_4Cl 1.1 g, KH_2PO_4 2.5 g/L,12H_2O·Na_2HPO_4 30 g/L,7H_2O·MgSO_4 0.8 g/L,脂肽平均产量为4.2 g/L,表面张力可降低至25.15 mN/m;同时,因为在采油工业中,每吨NH_4Cl比每吨NaNO_3的成本低30%左右,所以通过NH_4Cl的加入,减少了NaNO_3的用量,大大降低了发酵成本;最佳培养条件为:温度37℃,装液量150 mL/250 mL,发酵时间100 h。     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其发酵条件优化

通过水浴处理,反复平板划线,从土壤中分离纯化出一株疑似枯草芽孢杆菌的菌株,命名为WZB。对该菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析,最终鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌。并对该菌株的发酵条件进行了初步优化,优化得到的发酵条件为:接种量3%、发酵温度34℃、初始pH值7.0、培养时间36 h,进一步为枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂开发应用奠定了基础。     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵蔗渣生产黄腐酸的工艺条件优化

对实验室筛选的发酵蔗渣产黄腐酸的4株（25B、BT、12、E）细菌进行工厂扩大发酵,并运用分子生物学方法对高产黄腐酸菌种进行鉴定。研究高产菌种的发酵周期、接种量、发酵培养基初始pH以及发酵堆料层等因素对菌种发酵蔗渣产黄腐酸的影响,利用正交实验方法优化发酵培养基的碳源添加与配比。实验结果表明,E菌株为发酵蔗渣高产黄腐酸的菌种,16SrDNA法鉴定结果为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产絮凝剂的发酵条件及絮凝特性研究

采用常规划线分离方法从污泥中筛选出1株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌,经生理生化试验鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,研究了该菌发酵条件对所产絮凝剂絮凝除浊和脱色的影响,并在此基础上研究该絮凝剂的絮凝特性.结果表明,产絮凝剂的最佳发酵条件为:初始pH为8.0～8.5,摇床转速120 r·min-1,温度28～32℃,接种量为体积分数5％,碳源为蔗糖,氮源为尿素和硫酸铵的复合氮源.所产微生物絮凝剂粗品絮凝除浊的适宜条件为:絮凝剂投加量120mg·L-1,助凝剂CaCl2(10 g·L-1)用量200 mg·L-1,pH为7.5～9.0;其絮凝脱色的适宜条件为:絮凝剂投加量200 mg·L-1,CaCl2( 10g·L-1)投加量400 mg·L-1,pH 10.0;以CaCl2为助凝剂可使絮凝效率提高10％～30％.在适宜絮凝条件下,该微生物絮凝剂絮凝除浊和脱色效率分别可达99.7％和90.2％.     

枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的研究进展

本文综述了近几年的枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的研究进展情况,分别从方法和结构两方面详细地总结了细胞壁的研究进展程度和应用价值,为以后的实验研究提供了理论基础。     

核黄素基因工程菌的构建及其发酵的初步研究

构建整合型核黄素质粒pRB63,该质粒含有解调的B.subtilis核黄素操纵子,将其转化入B.subtilisRH13并在染色体上进行适当的扩增后得到RH13::[pRB63]n系列工程菌,其核黄素合成能力随着pRB63扩增程度的增加而增强,最终达到RH13的6～7倍.随后以RH13::[pRB63]n系列工程菌和B.subtilis YB1为亲株进行原生质体融合,筛得重组菌B.subtilis RH33.该菌在含10%葡萄糖或蔗糖的分批发酵中培养64h可产核黄素量4.2 g·L-1.采用以葡萄糖为碳源的流加发酵工艺,24 h可积累核黄素7～8 g·L-1,48 h达11～12 g·L-1,核黄素对葡萄糖的得率为0.056 g·g-1.     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌生产青霉素G酰化酶发酵条件的研究

对产青霉素G酰化酶的温度诱导型重组枯草芽孢杆菌发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,培养基的最佳氮源和碳源组成为:35gL-1牛肉膏、3gL-1葡萄糖和6gL-1淀粉;最佳诱导时机是细胞对数生长的中后期,诱导前应将pH调节至中性;最佳诱导条件为升高温度至50℃并维持4min;随后将温度降低到34℃进行重组蛋白的表达。在上述条件下,PGA的表达水平可以达到5.8UmL-1。SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明该重组菌能够将绝大部分表达的PGA分泌到细胞外,而且表达的PGA蛋白占有高比例(90%)。     

氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及发酵优化

将来源于赖氨酸芽孢杆菌SC02的氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶(UH)基因在枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis WB600中进行克隆和表达,在枯草芽孢杆菌中实现了UH活性表达,在摇瓶水平通过单因素考察和响应面分析实验对氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶发酵进行优化. 结表明,酶活最高可达到14.20 U/mL,产酶最佳培养基成分为：淀粉10 g/L、磷酸氢二钾9 g/L、麦芽浸膏25 g/L、硫酸镁1 g/L、胰蛋白胨55 g/L,最适发酵温度为37℃,最佳接种量4%. 在3 L发酵罐中采用最优发酵条件,酶活在16 h达到18.03 U/mL.     

Production and purification of a maltose-producing amylase from Bacillus subtilis IMD 198

A strain of Bacillus subtilis (IMD 198) isolated from peat degraded starch to maltose with little production of glucose and other products. Highest levels of enzyme were achieved in a salts medium containing soya bean meal and starch. The enzyme was purified by precipitation with isopropanol, adsorption on calcium phosphate gel and fractionation on DEAE-and CM-cellulose ion-exchange resins. The latter chromatographic procedure removed a contaminating activity that produced dextrins as end-products from starch or amylose. The action pattern of the purified, major enzyme activity indicates that it may be β-amylase.     

Sustainable Production of Biosurfactant from Agro-Industrial Oil Wastes by Bacillus subtilis and Its Potential Application as Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitor

The microbial conversion of agro-industrial oil wastes into biosurfactants shows promise as a biomass refinery approach. In this study, Bacillus subtilis #309 was applied to produce surfactin using rapeseed and sunflower cakes, the most common oil processing side products in Europe. Studies of the chemical composition of the substrates were performed, to determine the feasibility of oil cakes for surfactin production. Initially, screening of proteolytic and lipolytic activity was performed to establish the capability of B. subtilis #309 for substrate utilization and hence effective surfactin production. B. subtilis #309 showed both proteolytic and lipolytic activity. The process of surfactin production was carefully analyzed by measurement of the surfactin concentration, pH, surface tension (ST) and emulsification index (E₂₄). The maximal surfactin concentration in the sunflower and rapeseed cake medium reached 1.19 ± 0.03 and 1.45 ± 0.09 g/L, respectively. At the same time, a progressive decrease in the surface tension and increase in emulsification activity were observed. The results confirmed the occurrence of various surfactin homologues, while the surfactin C₁₅ was the dominant one. Finally, the analysis of surfactin biological function exhibited antioxidant activity and significant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value for ACE inhibition was found to be 0.62 mg/mL for surfactin. Molecular docking of the surfactin molecule to the ACE domains confirmed its inhibitory activity against ACE. Several interactions, such as hydrophobic terms, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, were involved in the complex stabilization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant, surfactin, produced by B. subtilis for multifunctional properties in vitro, namely the ACE-inhibitory activity and the antioxidant properties, using different assays, such as 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Thus, the ACE-inhibitory lipopeptide biosurfactant shows promise to be used as a natural antihypertensive agent.     

Medium Optimization for Enhanced Production of Protease with Industrially Desirable Attributes from Bacillus subtilis K-1

Microbial proteases due to their huge application potential have attracted considerable research attention and account for more than 60% of the worldwide enzyme sales. However, large-scale industrial application of proteases is hindered due to their poor performance under relatively hostile industrial conditions (extremes of temperature, pH) and the high production cost. In the current study, the production of a thermostable and wide-range pH stable protease was accomplished from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis K-1 strain using cost-effective agricultural residues. Process optimization for protease production was conducted by employing one-variable-at-a-time and statistical approaches. The most significant variables for protease production were identified as incubation time, soybean meal, mustard cake, and wheat bran. Optimization of these variables by central composite design of response surface methodology resulted in a substantial protease yield enhancement (112%). Exploitation of agricultural wastes as substrates may pave the way for cost-effective production of protease with industrially desirable attributes.     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵甘草渣产2,3-丁二醇和乙偶姻的初步研究

甘草渣是甘草提取完活性成分后的剩余物，富含木质纤维素。以甘草渣为研究对象，以2种稀碱（Na2CO3水溶液和NaOH水溶液）以及稀碱（Na2CO3水溶液或NaOH水溶液）和醋酸乙醇胺离子液体混合液为溶剂对甘草渣进行预处理，研究不同碱浓度和预处理温度对甘草渣组成及酶解效果的影响。结果表明，质量分数2%的NaOH水溶液在固液比（w/v）1:10（即每克甘草渣加入10毫升溶剂）、100 ℃条件下预处理甘草渣1.5 h，木质素去除率达54.1%、纤维素回收率为77.2%；样品酶解24 h，葡萄糖得率可达53.5%，较预处理前甘草渣（10.6%）提高了4.0倍。最后，对预处理后的甘草渣进行高固酶解，在固液比3:10、酶用量45 FPU/g生物质条件下酶解72 h，葡萄糖产量达到86.2 g/L、木糖18.9 g/L。以此酶解液为碳源进行发酵，96 h后发酵液中2,3-丁二醇和乙偶姻总产量为43.9 g/L，还原糖转化率为0.42 g/g；与对照组相比，酶解液更有利于菌体生长，生产强度提高，但转化率略低。     

Mathematical model of growth and polyhydroxybutyrate production using microbial fermentation of Bacillus subtilis

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been extensively utilized as a biodegradable plastic. The value of substrate inhibition constant (K_I) was also established in shake flask cultures by varying the initial glucose concentration (20–160?g/L) in growth media. Excess carbon source adversely affected the growth of Bacillus subtilis cultures. The production kinetics of PHB was studied using batch fermentation strategy for B. subtilis culture. Batch cultivation was also performed in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor to obtain a Biomass and PHB yield of 5.25 and 1.6?g/L, respectively. The kinetic data of biomass, PHB production, and substrate consumption was used to estimate the optimized values of the growth and product formation kinetic parameters. Optimal values of kinetic parameters (µ_m value of 0.325, K_S value of 10.53?g/L for glucose, Y value of 0.183?g/g of glucose, K_I value of 105?g/L, m value of 0.12?g/(g h), k₁ of 0.36?g/g, and k₂ value was 0.12?g/(g h)) and the initial values of biomass, substrate and PHB concentration (X?=?0.14?g/L, S?=?9.99?g/L, and P?=?0.13?g/L) were utilized to obtain a modified mathematical model for PHB production. Statistical validity of the mathematical model simulations were measured using F-test. The F-test showed that the statistical validity of the model was more than 95% when compared with experimentally obtained values. This model also predicted that the production of PHB using B. subtilis cultures is mainly growth associated.     

糠醛渣直接同步糖化发酵生产乙醇过程比较研究

以糠醛渣为原料,直接同步糖化发酵(SSF)生产乙醇,并与水洗糠醛渣生产乙醇进行对比。通过考察不同条件来优化同步糖化发酵生产工艺条件,并分析表征了SSF过程中乙醇浓度和副产物浓度变化。优化条件为:糠醛渣底物质量分数10%,纤维素酶用量12%,无患子皂素质量浓度0.5g/L,酵母接种量7g/L,同步糖化发酵乙醇得率达到其理论得率的93.1%。与水洗糠醛渣相比,糠醛渣直接SSF过程可将原料吸附的5.50%葡萄糖部分转化为乙醇。水洗糠醛渣SSF生产乙醇所产生的副产物要远低于糠醛渣直接生产所产生的副产物,添加无患子皂素可有效抑制糠醛渣同步糖化发酵过程中副产物的产生。