Y分子筛重整催化剂的制备和性能评价

对Y型分子筛进行Ce³⁺或La³⁺阳离子交换,采用浸渍法制备出Pt/CeY或Pt/LaY催化剂;对催化剂进行XRD、N₂物理吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD等物理化学性能表征,并以工业化精制石脑油为原料,在固定床装置上进行评价。结果表明,Pt/CeY催化剂芳构化性能最优,生成油芳烃质量分数为78.4%,芳烃产率为51.0%,与相同条件下的商业试剂相比,芳烃质量分数提高64%,芳烃产率提高20%。     

晶相组成对钒磷氧催化剂性能的影响

通过调变前驱体成型过程的压片压力,制备了2种不同堆密度的钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂。采用BET、XRD、拉曼光谱、NH₃-TPD、XPS与UV-vis分析手段表征了VPO催化剂孔性质、晶相结构与组成,以及表面酸性质等。结果表明：在相同活化条件下,不同堆密度催化剂的比表面积、孔容及孔径差异不大,而堆密度小的VPO催化剂总酸量更高,其V⁵⁺物种含量较高,为74.6%;堆密度高的催化剂V⁵⁺物种含量较少,为54.8%。在相同反应温度下,V⁵⁺物种含量更高的低堆密度钒磷氧催化剂丁烷氧化活性更好、顺酐收率更高。     

强酸性SnO2/SiO2催化山梨醇脱水制异山梨醇

通过硅改性的方法制备了SnO₂/SiO₂复合氧化物，经酸化后得到强酸性SnO₂/SiO₂(Sn-Si)催化剂；通过NH₃-TPD、FTIR、吡啶吸附FTIR、Raman光谱等对Sn-Si催化剂进行了表征，将催化剂用于无溶剂体系中山梨醇直接催化脱水制异山梨醇的反应，并对反应条件进行了优化；考察了SO₄^2-/Sn-Si催化剂的重复使用性，并分析了催化机理。实验结果表明，在SO₄^2-/Sn-Si催化剂用量10%(w)、150℃下反应1 h的条件下，山梨醇可完全转化，异山梨醇和1,4-失水山梨醇收率分别为73.25%和18.45%，且催化剂具有良好的重复使用性。B酸和L酸协同催化有助于抑制副反应，提高异山梨醇的收率。研究结果对异山梨醇非均相催化体系的开发及产业化应用有较好的借鉴意义。     

在金属络合物和四丁基溴化铵共模板体系下合成Fe-MFI介孔沸石

以金属络合物和四丁基溴化铵共同作模板合成介孔Fe-MFI沸石,考察了不同n(Fe)/n(Si)对合成产物的影响。采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、FT-IR、SEM、HRTEM、NH₃-TPD,UV-vis和XAFS等手段对产物进行表征,并将其用于甲醇制烯烃反应(MTO),评价其催化性能。结果表明,合成体系中加入金属络合物可以合成骨架含Fe的介孔MFI沸石晶体,但结晶度有所下降,且当Fe含量较高时也会有Fe氧化物纳米颗粒分散于沸石晶体表面。介孔的产生是由于EDTA与金属硝酸铁形成的络合物模板剂同时又是孔道结构的导向剂。在催化MTO反应中,与不含Fe的MFI沸石相比,采用介孔Fe-MFI沸石作为催化剂,低碳烯烃(乙烯+丙烯)选择性高,催化稳定性也较好。原因是,一方面适量Fe的加入调变了沸石的酸性及孔道结构;另一方面介孔的引入可以降低扩散阻力,减少副反应的发生和减缓结焦。     

中孔ZSM-5沸石的制备及其催化裂解性能

采用碱处理脱硅制备了中孔ZSM-5沸石,考察了不同碱处理方式对ZSM-5沸石的酸性质和孔结构的影响,采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、FT-IR等手段对碱处理ZSM-5沸石进行表征,研究了碱处理ZSM-5沸石对裂解正构烷烃n-C₁₄、1,3,5-三异丙基苯和轻柴油裂化反应的催化性能。结果表明:碱处理ZSM-5沸石的中孔比表面积、中孔孔体积以及酸量均比工业ZSM-5沸石有所增加,在催化裂解n-C₁₄时,促进了己烷的进一步裂解,提高了产物中戊烷的选择性;在催化裂解1,3,5-三异丙基苯时加深了裂解程度,提高了初级裂解产物二异丙苯和深度裂解产物苯的选择性;在催化裂解轻柴油时,增加了汽油收率。并且,加入TPA⁺阳离子与NaOH的混合碱液比加入单一的NaOH碱溶液更能促进ZSM-5沸石表面脱硅,使得表面富铝,促进了中孔结构的形成,进一步增大了中孔比表面积和中孔孔体积,增加了酸量,提高了ZSM-5沸石的催化裂解性能。     

不同铝源合成SAPO-34分子筛及其MTO催化性能

分别以拟薄水铝石、氢氧化铝和异丙醇铝为铝源合成了SAPO-34分子筛,考察了不同铝源对其晶化过程及最终产品物化性质的影响。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N₂等温吸附-脱附（BET）、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）手段表征所合成的SAPO-34分子筛,并研究了其在甲醇转化制烯烃（MTO）反应中的催化性能。结果表明,相对于氢氧化铝和异丙醇铝,以拟薄水铝石为铝源合成的SAPO-34分子筛具有较小的粒径、较高的比表面积和适中的酸密度,其催化MTO反应的乙烯丙烯选择性达85.7%,寿命达189 min。     

Ni-WO3/ZrO2固体强酸催化剂的制备及催化正庚烷异构化反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了以具有一定晶相结构的ZrO₂为载体的Ni-WO₃/ZrO₂系列固体强酸催化剂。采用XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD 等方法测定了Ni-WO₃/ZrO₂系列催化剂的晶相结构和表面酸性,并考察了其在正庚烷异构化反应中的催化性能。结果表明,Ni的引入使得Ni-WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂由具有单一酸中心催化功能的催化剂变成由酸中心与金属中心共同催化的双功能催化剂,其催化性能显著提高。在n(H₂)/n(n-C₇H₁₆)=12、MHSV=3.52 h^-1、m(Cat)=0.3 g、反应温度300℃条件下,载体焙烧温度800℃所制备的5%Ni-15%WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂催化正庚烷异构化反应的转化率可达39.96%,异庚烷的选择性可达94.79%。     

改性分子筛催化C4+混合烃制低碳烯烃的性能研究

甲醇制烯烃过程中会副产大量C₄₊混合烃。利用副产C₄₊混合烃来高效生产乙烯和丙烯,提升乙烯和丙烯产率,成为煤制烯烃行业一个重要的研究方向。采用水热法合成了纳米级的HZSM-5分子筛,并在此基础上分别制备了P改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(P/HZSM-5)和P-Mg复合改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(P-Mg/HZSM-5)。采用XRD、SEM和N₂吸/脱附等手段对分子筛和相应催化剂进行了表征,并在小型固定床反应器上分别进行了分子筛和分子筛催化剂催化C₄₊混合烃制低碳烯烃的催化性能测试。结果表明,在温度为520℃、压力为0.2 MPa、水蒸气空速为1000 h^-1和原料混合气体积空速为100 h^-1的条件下反应8 h,P-Mg/HZSM-5的乙烯和丙烯产率可达到46.2%,综合性能最优(乙烯选择性为28.6%,丙烯选择性为60.8%)。     

多级孔沸石催化合成聚甲氧基二甲醚

采用碱处理法改性纳米ZSM-5沸石,采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、NH₃-TPD和N₂吸附-脱附法对其进行了表征,并将其用于催化甲缩醛与三聚甲醛合成聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE_n,n为聚合度)的反应,考察了碱浓度对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明,碱处理对催化剂的晶体结构、孔结构和酸性产生不同程度的影响。适宜的碱浓度不仅对ZSM-5沸石的晶体结构无破坏作用,还可形成多级孔结构,同时提高酸量。与未改性的ZSM-5沸石相比,采用0.8 mol/L的NaOH溶液处理的ZSM-5沸石催化性能最优,目的产物PODE_3-5的收率提高了14.4%,初始反应速率加快了1.33倍,催化活性显著提高。     

改性丝光沸石催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛

分别采用酸处理、碱处理及氨基化处理对丝光沸石(HMOR)进行改性后制备了系列HMOR催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、氨程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线荧光(XRF)等手段对HMOR进行表征,并采用间歇式不锈钢高压反应釜考察其催化果糖脱水生成5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)反应性能。结果表明：改性后催化剂仍保持丝光沸石的晶体结构,酸中心强度与酸量有改变,硅烷化试剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)中的氨基基团成功嫁接到丝光沸石表面;得到了较优反应条件：N₂压力2.0 MPa,反应温度150℃,果糖质量1.0 g,催化剂质量0.2 g,助剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮质量0.06 g,反应时间180 min。在此反应条件下,以氨基化处理改性制备的NH₂-MOR_0.5为催化剂时,果糖转化率84.1%,HMF产率78.6%,HMF选择性93.4%;与其他催化剂相比,虽果糖转化率略微下降,但HMF选择性明显提高。     

Pt/SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3在正己烷异构化反应中的催化行为

采用连续流动的固定床微反装置考察了Pt/SO24-/ZrO2-Al2O3(PSZA)在正己烷异构化反应中的催化行为。采用NH3-TPD、H2-TPR及TG表征了催化剂的酸性、还原性能及硫物种含量。结果表明,PSZA的初始异构化催化活性几乎不受反应温度的影响,而稳定性则与反应温度密切相关。低温下反应,催化剂在短时间内迅速失活,而提高反应温度可大大提高PSZA的反应稳定性。PSZA具有良好的再生性能,与新鲜催化剂相比,多次再生后的催化剂异构化催化活性基本没有变化。PSZA在低温下的快速失活与其催化活性中心产生的机理有关,而与其硫损失或硫物种的还原无关。在异构化反应过程中,催化剂通过氢溢流可产生强酸活性中心,并在反应过程中不断被消耗;在高温下通过氢溢流不断产生新的强酸中心,使催化活性保持稳定;而低温下氢溢流难以发生,消耗的强酸活性中心不能及时补充,使催化活性下降。     

正庚烷催化裂解生产低碳烯烃的影响因素探索

The influence of zeolite structure and process parameters (including reaction temperature and catalyst/oil ratio) on rules for formation of ethylene and propylene in the course of catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane was studied in a small- scale fixed fluid catalytic cracking unit. Test results have revealed that compared to the USY zeolite and Beta zeolite, the catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane in the presence of the ZRP zeolite catalyst can result in higher yield and selectivity of ethyl- ene and propylene, while a higher reaction temperature and a higher catalyst/oil ratio can promote the formation of ethylene and propylene during catalytic pyrolysis of n-heptane. The ethylene formation reaction is more sensitive to the changes in reaction temperature, whereas the changes in catalyst/oil ratio are more influential to the propylene formation reaction. This paper has made a preliminary exploration into the different reaction pathways for formation of ethylene and propylene on zeolites with different structures.     

A STUDY ON ACIDITY AND CATALYTIC PROPERTY OF [B] ZSM-5 CATALYST MODIFIED WITH SILICON COMPOUND BY CHEMICAL SURFACE DEPOSITION OF LIQUID-PHASE TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT

The boron heteroatom zeolite catalyst has been modified with silicon compound by Chemical Surface Deposition of Liquid-phase (CLD) technique and the catalytic property of the modified catalyst is studied. Meanwhile, the acidity of the modified zeolite catalysts is characterized through TPD and IR technique, and the fluid adsorption method is used to determine its pore structure. The relationship between the catalytic property of the zeolite catalyst and its pore structure, its acidity has been found. The results of toluene–ethylene alkylation reaction indicate that the selectivity of p-ethyltoluene on the modified zeolite catalyst is higher than that on the zeolite catalyst before silanizated, reaching 94.14%.     

Conversion of higher <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkanes under deep catalytic cracking conditions

The product distribution for the deep catalytic cracking of C₁₆-C₂₈ n-alkanes has been studied. Using the method of the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, the difference in the acid properties of HZSM-5 and ultrastable Y zeolites and the catalyst matrix components has been found. For the primary cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to occur, the catalyst matrix must have a high acidity. Bizeolite catalysts exhibit high selectivities for olefins with both normal and branched chains, which are due to a decrease in the contribution of the hydrogen redistribution reaction. For a bizeolite catalyst, the additivity of the selectivities for olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons, depending on the composition of the zeolite component, is observed.     

Structure and catalytic properties of dealuminated modified zeolites Y

The effect of treatment with a zirconyl nitrate aqueous solution on the structure; the hydroxyl-layer constitution; and the adsorptive, acid, and catalytic properties of dealuminated zeolite Y was studied. The zeolite was prepared by boiling NH₄Y in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution followed by ion exchange with ammonium chloride and calcination in a 100% steam flow at 750°C. X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and DTA data show the formation of an ultrastable form of zeolite Y. The incorporation of zirconium in zeolite led to an increase in the proportion of strong acid sites, thus raising the yield of cracking products during n-hexane conversion tested on platinum-containing catalyst samples.     

选择性增产碳四烯烃催化裂化催化剂的研究

采用XRD、X射线荧光光谱、N2吸附-脱附和SEM等手段分析了REUSY、Hβ和ZRP-1分子筛的物理化学性质,考察了REUSY、REUSY+Hβ和REUSY+ZRP-1分子筛催化剂对原料油的催化裂化性能和产物碳四烯烃选择性的影响。结果表明：高稀土含量的REUSY分子筛具有较强的重油裂化能力和较高的汽油选择性,但是碳四烯烃选择性较低;Hβ分子筛对产物的碳四烯烃选择性优于REUSY和ZRP-1分子筛。在此基础上,提出采用催化材料目标导向技术开发选择性增产碳四烯烃催化剂的方案。     

KINETICS OF HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF HEAVY GAS OIL DERIVED FROM OIL-SANDS BITUMEN

ABSTRACT

With gradual shortage in the supply of crude oil, the importance of producing synthetic crude oil from oil sands and shale oil is increasing day by day. In the present paper, the effects of various process variables such as temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio on the removal of sulfur compounds from oil sands derived heavy gas oil has been studied. The experiments have been carried out in a micro scale trickle bed reactor over a commercial Ni–Mo catalyst. The temperature, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen/heavy gas oil volumetric ratio have been varied from 365 to 415°C, 0.5 to 1.9 h^?1 and 400 to 1000 ml, respectively. Under optimum reaction conditions over 96% conversion of sulfur compounds was achieved. The kinetics of the rate of sulfur removal from the oil sands derived heavy gas oil has also been discussed in this article.     

Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Petrochemicals Using Monofunctional Mo/SiO2 and H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts and Bifunctional Mo/H-ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst

Abstract

The components of the standard catalyst globally used for natural gas direct conversion (6% Mo/H-ZSM-5) have been separately prepared and examined to represent: (a) monofunctional metallic component (6% Mo/SiO₂) and (b) acidic component (H-ZSM-5 zeolite) to numerically investigate the extent of activity of each catalytic component in comparison to the activity of the standard catalyst in a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. The temperature and gas hourly space velocity are 700°C and 1500 mLg^?1 h ^?1, respectively, which are very close to those used in the industrial gas conversion reactions. Time on stream up to 240 min was examined. The gaseous products were ethylene, propylene, and hydrogen, whereas the liquid products were benzene, toluene, and naphthalene. Carbon was also produced as deposited particles on the catalyst.     

Dimethyl ether to olefins conversion in a slurry reactor: Effects of the size of particles and the textural and acidic properties of the MFI-type zeolite

Effects of the particle size of a suspended zeolite catalyst based on the commercial MFI-type (high modulus zeolite, HMZ) zeolite on its physicochemical characteristics and catalytic properties in the conversion of dimethyl ether (DME) in a three-phase system with a slurry reactor are studied. In order to gain insight into the relationships between the physicochemical characteristics of MFI-type zeolites and their catalytic properties, the textural, acidic, and catalytic properties of HMZ zeolites and synthesized nanocrystallites of the zeolite with the MFI structure are compared. It was found that, in the conversion of DME in the slurry reactor, the catalytic properties of the MFI zeolite are strongly affected by the size of particles of the suspended catalyst: on passage to nanosized suspensions, the activity of the catalyst grows by several times. Reduction in the size of catalyst particles leads to an increase in the yield of hydrocarbons C₅ ⁺ and a decrease in the yield of lower olefins. At the same dispersity of suspensions, the catalytic properties of suspended catalysts are considerably affected by the distribution of acid sites over strength in the studied zeolite sample and the fraction of amphoteric sites in them.     

新型重油催化裂化催化剂RCC-1的研究开发

A novel heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst RCC-1 was developed by using the ultra-stable zeolite, which washydrothermally treated and modified through cleaning its pores to serve as the active component. The chemical compositionand physicochemical properties of RCC-1 catalyst were studied by XRF, BET, pore volume analysis, attrition indexanalysis, and particle size distribution determination methods, and its catalytic cracking performance was also evaluated bya microreactor for light oil cracking and the ACE device. The test results showed that the new type of heavy oil catalyticcracking catalyst RCC-1 had good physicochemical properties and heavy oil cracking ability, strong anti-metallic contaminationcapability, good product distribution, good coke selectivity and gasoline selectivity, and excellent reduction of gasolineolefin content characteristics.