厨房中的口袋花

厨房中鲜花盛开，让你的心情顿时会开朗、明快起来，口袋也可以运用到厨房中，作为花器挂在橱柜一角成为厨房的独特风景，让秋日的厨房，在鲜花口袋花下绽放。     

帮助企业找人才 帮助人才找企业

fotile方太厨房专家（简称“方太”）成立于1996年，专门从事厨房电器、集成厨房技术与产品的研究．开发，生产与销售，致力于为每一个家庭提供科技、领先．人性的家庭生活环境及专业厨房解决方案，已成为中国厨房领域最著名的品牌，并已成功进入全球厨房市场。目前正专注于集成厨房、吸油烟机、燃气灶具、电磁灶具、消毒碗柜、燃气热水器等几个领域．     

合适的橱柜配件是厨房的关键

一个好厨房，一套好橱柜，就足以成就一段幸福的家庭生活。厨房在人们生活中越来越重要，但以中国人的居住户型来看，厨房空间都是很有限的，但厨房的东西却缺一不可。避免厨房布置拥挤的关键就在于合理利用收纳空间，拓展更多的储存空间，那些拉篮、抽屉是否真的储物能力超群，是您厨房的好帮手？还是浪费空间的“废物”，找到属于自己使用特点的橱柜，利用零散空间，让厨房成为真正的乐园。     

本期话题：厨房里的亲子教育

厨房向来是家长眼中的危险之地，跳跃的火苗和各式刀具一不小心就成为祸端。其实，只要方法得当，厨房就能成为家长们省时、便捷、低成本的亲子教育场所。     

厨房空间收纳狂让厨房里零碎东西各就其位

过去，厨房杂乱无章似乎理所当然，但随着人们生活水平的不断提高，科技的日新月异，整体橱柜以美观实用的姿态步入厨房，特别是其分门别类的收纳功能，让厨房里的零碎的东西各就其位，使厨房井然有序，下厨也成为一种享受。     

厨室机密之“香”油

谁家没瓶香油呀，可我们说的香油可不是芝麻香油那么简单。厨房自备“香”油，让它成为你的厨房秘密武器，厨艺晋级！     

酒店厨房实行“包厨”与“单聘”管理模式论析

现代酒店的厨房管理是一项复杂的系统工程，是酒店管理中的核心要素。实施管理时需要把厨房人力、设备、原料等各种资源进行科学设计和整合，创造出最高的工作效率，提供品质优良且持续稳定的出品，既满足消费者需求又为企业创造良好效益。合理的管理模式有助于厨房管理成功实现，可见，厨房管理的模式选择，成为实现酒店管理目标的第一要素。     

精心打造迷你厨房

“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”即使是5-6m的小厨房，只要合理规划，精心装扮，同样也能成为一个明亮的迷你厨房，对于小面积厨房而言，挑选橱柜首选“一”字型，“L”型橱柜。     

DIY花器在厨房里绽放美丽

在日常生活中，总会有一些被我们认为是毫无用处的废弃物，展开你的想像，它们就会成为厨房，餐厅中的个性花器，在厨房中绽放美丽，处处散发花香……自己动手做一个漂亮的花器吧！     

厨房装修全程记录

这是一个简洁、舒适的厨房从无到有的过程。之所以想做这样一个选题，是因为越来越多的人回归厨房。入厨已经成为一种时尚，这一点令我们十分欣慰，因为这正是我们一直倡导的健康的生活态度。对千一个爱下厨的人，一个令自己感到满意的厨房是非常必要的。它不一定非要有名牌的橱柜和各种新颖、时髦的厨房工具装点，但它一定是能让主人感到舒适和方便的……     

Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between reproductive traits in heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan. Insemination and lactation records for cows calved between 1990 and 2003 in Hokkaido region were obtained. Age at first service, age at conception, and conception rate for first service were calculated for heifers. Days from calving to first service, days open, and conception rate for first service were calculated for first- and second-parity cows. The yield traits used were 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields. A threshold animal model was applied for the conception rate for first service, and a linear animal model was applied for the other traits. Single-trait and 2-trait genetic analyses were performed by the Bayesian method using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.027 to 0.051 for conception rate for first service, and from 0.074 to 0.128 for the other reproductive traits. If the relationships of other traits were not considered, days from calving to first service was favorable to genetic selection for reproductive traits because of relatively high heritability and because it can be available earlier than the days open. Genetic correlations among reproductive traits were high, especially in cows. The genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and those for cows were lower than the genetic correlations between reproductive traits for first parity and those of second parity, suggesting that reproductive traits for heifers should be evaluated separately from reproductive traits for cows. Genetic correlations between yield and reproductive traits in cows were antagonistic. In contrast, genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and yield traits were slightly desirable. Depending on the reporting rate of insemination records for heifers and the results of investigations for relationships with productive maturity, selection by reproductive traits for heifers will enable the improvement of reproductive performance without a loss in genetic progress for yield traits.     

THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING ANALYSIS COMMITTEE: RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

The Microbiology Sub-Committee of the Analysis Committee has recommended procedures for gram staining, establishing the level of total and bacterial contamination, for carrying out the lysine plating technique, for swabbing plant, for examining sugar syrups and wort syrups, for the examination of drinking glasses, for evaluating the sterility of beer containers and for performing the membrane filtration technique.     

Overview of progeny-test programs of artificial-insemination organizations in the United States

Characteristics of progeny-test (PT) programs of artificial insemination (AI) organizations in the United States were examined for changes since 1960. Mean number of bulls that were progeny tested annually by major AI organizations during the mid 1990s was 11 for Ayrshires, 24 for Brown Swiss, 21 for Guernseys, 1261 for Holsteins, 112 for Jerseys, and 3 for Milking Shorthorns. Mean parent age at progeny-test (PT) bull birth decreased except for Milking Shorthorns; mean age of maternal grandsire at bull birth decreased for Holsteins and Jerseys but increased for other breeds. For Holsteins, mean ancestor ages at PT bull birth were 85 mo for sires, 47 mo for dams, and 136 mo for maternal grandsires during the mid 1990s. Percentage of PT bulls that resulted from embryo transfer increased to 78% for Brown Swiss and 80% for Holsteins by 1999. Inbreeding in PT bulls increased over time and ranged from 3.8% for Brown Swiss to 6.4% for Jerseys (5.6% for Holsteins) during the mid 1990s. Mean numbers of daughters and herds per PT bull generally declined except for Holsteins, which increased during the early 1990s to 61 daughters and 44 herds. Mean number of states in which PT daughters are located increased; for Holstein PT bulls during 1994, 22% of daughters were in California, 13% in Wisconsin, 12% in New York, and 10% in Pennsylvania and Minnesota. Percentage of first-lactation cows that were PT daughters increased and ranged from 6% for Milking Shorthorns to 22% for Ayrshires (14% for Holsteins) during 1998. Percentage of PT daughters that were registered declined and was 19% for Holsteins and around 80% for other breeds.     

配制酒的沉淀成分分析方法

配制酒产生沉淀的因素很多,沉淀成分复杂,可采用不同分析方法分析不同沉淀成分。生物碱可采用硅钨酸试法、碘化汞钾试法、碘化钍钾试法分析;氨基酸、蛋白质可采用茚三酮试法、双缩脲反应法、溴百里蓝钠盐法分析;有机酸可用pH试纸、溴酚蓝法和吖啶试法分析;酚类化合物和鞣质可用1％三氯化铁试法、香草醛-盐酸试法、三氯化铁—铁氰化钾试法分析;糖、多糖和配糖体可用α萘酚试法、氨性硝酸银试剂分析;皂甙和甾体可用醋酐浓硫酸法分析;黄酮体可用三氯化铝乙醇试法、盐酸镁粉法分析;蒽醌类用硼酸水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液法分析;强心甙用kedde法或legal法分析：挥发油和油脂用荧光素水溶液法等分析.     

烤烟烘烤54度稳温时间对烟叶品质及效益的影响

通过对不同部位最佳采收成熟度烟叶54 ℃稳温时间的研究,分析了不同稳温处理与烟叶品质和可用性的关系。结果表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,上部叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部叶稳温24 h、下部叶稳温8 h或16 h其致香前体物质含量较其他处理高;上部叶稳温16 h、中部叶稳温8 h或24 h、下部采收烟叶稳温16 h能获得较好的外观质量;下部适熟叶稳温16 h或24 h处理、中部采收烟叶稳温8 h处理、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h处理物理特性较好;下部叶稳温8 h或16 h、中部叶稳温8 h、上部叶稳温16 h或24 h处理,香气质较细腻,吃味醇和,刺激性和劲头较小,余味较好。综合各处理烟叶品质,并结合经济性状分析表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,下部适熟烟叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部成熟烟叶稳温8 h、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h的处理,初烤烟叶能获得较好的综合品质和经济效益。     

我国转基因食品市场准入和召回研究

为了保障转基因食品的食用安全性和营养质量,我国在不断建设和完善相关法律法规体系的基础上,对转基因食品的市场准入采取了科学和严格的规定,制定了安全评价许可证制度、标识管理制度、加工和销售许可制度、食用安全和营养质量卫生评价制度,形成了既符合我国国情又与世界接轨的安全准入特点。对于我国转基因食品如何建设召回制度,本文探索性提出了三种召回模式,以及可能采取的召回流程。     

造纸法烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片的研究与应用

磨浆是造纸法烟草薄片生产过程中的重要操作单元,其原料性能复杂、工艺特殊,使得其磨浆过程较为复杂.本研究分析了造纸法烟草薄片磨浆过程烟梗与烟末原料的特点,结合磨浆工艺及磨后浆料特性,介绍了造纸法烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片.烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片主要有梗末混合磨浆磨片、烟梗磨浆磨片及烟末磨浆磨片3种.通过对现有造纸法烟草薄片专用磨...     

大黑粉盗与赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对磷化氢的耐受力比较研究

潜在危害的储粮害虫大黑粉盗Cynaeus angustus研究缺乏,掌握其磷化氢耐受力有助于科学治理。采用快速击倒和FAO推荐方法测定了磷化氢对大黑粉盗的KT50值和毒力方程,并与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus进行了比较,测定了100、200、300、400、500 mL/m3磷化氢模拟熏蒸中3种害虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫不同时间的死亡率。磷化氢对大黑粉盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的KT50值分别为7、127和3 736 min,相应毒力方程斜率值b为3.67、8.28和9.94,相应LC50值为0.008、1.34和5.88 mg/L。害虫不同虫态在100~500 mL/m3浓度下的半数致死时间LT50值于大黑粉盗卵为4~2 h、幼虫4~1 h、蛹4~1 h、成虫3~1 h,于赤拟谷盗为卵12~5 d、幼虫11~5 d、蛹13~7 d、成虫10~4 d,于锈赤扁谷盗为卵28~13 d、幼虫为18～9 d,蛹26～11 d,成虫17~9 d。相应的完全致死时间（LT100）于大黑粉盗卵为21~6 h、幼虫8~3 h、蛹9~6 h、成虫5~3 h,于赤拟谷盗卵为21~18 d、幼虫21~15 d、蛹27~18 d、成虫21~12 d,于锈赤扁谷盗卵为54~30 d、幼虫42~30 d、蛹48~30 d、成虫36~25 d。所测大黑粉盗为磷化氢敏感品系,其各虫态对磷化氢的耐受力为卵>蛹>幼虫>成虫,其耐受力远小于赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗磷化氢抗性品系。     

Assessment of dietary exposure to annatto (E160b), nitrites (E249-250), sulphites (E220-228) and tartaric acid (E334) in the French population: the second French total diet study

The results of the assessment of the dietary exposure to annatto, nitrites, tartaric acid and sulphites within the framework of the second French total diet study (TDS) are reported. These 4 additives were selected from the Bemrah et al. study [Bemrah N, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL. 2008. Assessment of dietary exposure in the French population to 13 selected food colours, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, emulsifiers and sweeteners. Food Addit Contam B. 1(1):2–14] on 13 food additives which identified a possible health risk for annatto, sulphites and nitrites and a lack of data for tartaric acid. Among the composite samples selected for the whole TDS, 524 were analysed for additives (a sample was analysed for a given additive when it was identified as a major contributor for this additive only): 130 for tartaric acid, 135 for nitrites, 59 for annatto and 200 for sulphites. Estimated concentrations (minimum lower bound to maximum upper bound) vary nationally from 0 to 9?mg/kg for annatto, 0 to 420?mg/kg for tartaric acid, 0 to 108?mg/kg for sulphites and 0 to 3.4?mg/kg for nitrites. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure was calculated for adults and children, separately, using lower bound and upper bound assumptions. The European ADIs for these 4 additives were not exceeded except for the dietary exposure for sulphites among 2.9% of the adult population, where the major contributors were alcoholic drinks and especially wine under both hypotheses (lower and upper bound).     

Detection and analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting production and secondary traits on chromosome 7 in Israeli Holsteins

A total of 5,459 Israeli Holstein cows, daughters of 11 sires, were genotyped for 29 microsatellites spanning chromosome 7 and analyzed by the daughter design for 9 economic traits: milk, fat, and protein yield, fat and protein percentage, somatic cell score, female fertility, herd life, and milk persistency. Quantitative trait loci at chromosome-wise 0.05 significance were obtained for fat and protein yield, fat percentage, somatic cell score, and female fertility. Peak F-values were obtained at 29 cM for fat and protein yield and fat percentage, at 60 cM for somatic cell score, at 74 cM for herd life, and at 11 cM for female fertility. The 0.95 confidence intervals for quantitative trait loci locations were 20 cM for kilograms of fat, 27 cM for fertility, and 51 cM for somatic cell score. Two loci affecting fertility at opposite ends of the chromosome are apparently segregating in the population. A quantitative trait locus for fertility near the centromere was confirmed by application of the modified granddaughter design to a single family. Estimated frequency of the economically favorable allele in the Israeli Holstein cattle was less than 0.5. Significant genetic gain for fertility seems possible by marker-assisted selection.