Beyond Knowledge Engineering

Knowledge engineering stems from E. A. Figenbaum＇s proposal in 1977, but it will enter a new decade with the new challenges. This paper first summarizes three knowledge engineering experiments we have undertaken to show possibility of separating knowledge development from intelligent software development. We call it the ICAX mode of intelligent application software generation. The key of this mode is to generate knowledge base, which is the source of intelligence of ICAX software, independently and parallel to intelligent software development. That gives birth to a new and more general concept ＂knowware＂. Knowware is a commercialized knowledge module with documentation and intellectual property, which is computer operable, but free of any built-in control mechanism, meeting some industrial standards and embeddable in software/hardware. The process of development, application and management of knowware is called knowware engineering. Two different knowware life cycle models are discussed： the furnace model and the crystallization model. Knowledge middleware is a class of software functioning in all aspects of knowware life cycle models. Finally, this paper also presents some examples of building knowware in the domain of information system engineering.     

基于软构件的软件开发方法研究

软构件技术虽然已被使用，但缺少一种从软件工程角度支持软件开发的系统方法，文中提出了一种以剧本为需求模型，基于构件的组装式软件开发方法，包括软件体系结构的定义，各部分的组成关系以及控制结构和通信机制的实现方法等，最后介绍了该方法指导下软件的开发流程。     

An improved strategic information management plan for medical institutes

The driving force behind software development of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) has been gradually changing. Heterogeneous software requirements have emerged, so how to correctly carry out development project has become a complex task. This paper adopts the knowledge engineering and management mechanism, i.e., CommonKADS, and software quality engineering to improve existing strategic information management (SIM) plan as a design methodology to help software implementation for medical institutes. We evaluate the adopting performance by a real case that examines the maturity level of the architecture alignment between the target solution in the proposed SIM plan and the built medical system.     

基于神经网络的软件外包过程模式决策研究

Software outsourcing has became a common method used in software development. To guide the software outsourcing process pattern decision, this paper puts up a neural network based decision model which is made up of a group of orthogonal and concurrent input factors, a three-tier neural network decision architecture and a group of output process patterns. The model is verified with a real software outsourcing process pattern decision case. This model provides the theory for the development of outsourcing decision tools and complete decision supporting mechanism for various outsourcing model in every phase of software engineering.     

基于元模型的软件开发与管理集成研究

当今软件开发呈现一些新特点：团队并行开发,基于模型的软件开发,迭代增量开发等。开发过程是如此复杂,融合软件开发与管理支持的环境成为必要。文章认为开发与管理集成的关键是：环境提供对元模型的支持,以UML为基础的软件产品标准化,多种开发工具的数据集成和良好的数据管理机制。文章介绍了将开发与管理融为一体的集成化环境UML＿IDME,集中讨论环境如何提供和协调过程模型,产品模型,组织模型和开发工具集合来达到开发与管理集成的目的。此外,还讨论了过程模型如何组织,指导和监控软件开发。     

Industrial Design and Development Software System Architecture Based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and Cloud Computing

Oriented to the new generation of cyber-physical manufacturing, this paper introduces two breakthroughs of industrial design and development software system: model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and cloud computing. Based on the classic V model for product development, an MBSE double-Vs model is refined which takes both model life-cycle and product life-cycle into consideration for design process re-engineering. Then cloud computing and its re-structuring on traditional industrial software system are discussed. Shift from classic single approach, this research proposes an industrial design and development software system architecture based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and cloud computing. The new architecture is shown in a stereoscopic way which amply utilizes the respective advantages of MBSE and cloud computing. At the end of the paper, as an example of actual cases, a flight management system (FMS) design and development platform is detailed to verify the effectiveness of this new architecture. The implement of new system architecture creates an efficient collaborative mechanism for FMS developing.     

Supporting Software Development With Roles

Software development tools are very important in software engineering. Although roles have been acknowledged and applied for many years in several areas related to software engineering, there is a lack of research on software development tools based on roles. Most significantly, there is no complete and consistent consideration of roles in all the phases of software development. Considering the increasing importance and applications of roles in software development, this paper intends to discuss the importance of roles in software engineering and that of role-based software development; review the literature relevant to role mechanisms in software engineering; propose and describe a role-based software process; and implement a prototype tool for developing complex software systems with the help of role mechanisms     

Process-Based Software Engineering: Building the Infrastructures

A recent trend in software engineering is the shift from a focus on laboratory-oriented software engineering to a more industry-oriented view of software engineering processes. This complements preceding ideas about software engineering in terms of organization and process-orientation. From the domain coverage point of view, many of the existing software engineering approaches have mainly concentrated on the technical aspects of software development. Important areas of software engineering, such as the technical and organizational infrastructures, have been left untouched. As software systems increase in scales, issues of complexity and professional practices become involved. Software development as an academic or laboratory activity, has to engage with software development as a key industrialized process.This expanded domain of software engineering exposes the limitations of existing methodologies that often address only individual subdomains. There is, therefore, a demand for an overarching approach that provide a basis for theoretical and practical infrastructures capable of accommodating the whole range of modern software engineering practices and requirements. One approach is provided by Process-Based Software Engineering (PBSE); part of the more general trend towards a focus on process.This paper provides a review of process techniques for software engineering and a high-level perspective on PBSE. Typical approaches and techniques for the establishment, assessment, improvement and benchmarking of software engineering process systems are introduced in this paper, and many are developed further in other contributions to this volume.     

现代软件工程在现代软件开发中的合理应用

从一个角度分析了现代软件体系结构对现代软件工程方法的影响，指出由RDBMs提供数据服务的C/S结构的软件开发中，使用面向对象软件工程方法并无很大优势，使用传统软件工程方法是一种较好的选择；由RDBMs提供数据服务的三层结构的软件开发中，业务逻辑层组件的分析和设计使用面向对象软件工程方法是合适的，但是也不排斥传统软件工程方法，不宜盲目使用面向对象的软件工程方法、UML和RUP。     

计算机实践向理论的回归

软件工程研究软件开发过程所需的模型、方法和工具。UML是软件工程实践中的重要工具,它可以对软件进行规约、可视化、构造和建档。本文以UML的状态图为例,讨论了其在十字路口的信号灯的控制中的应用,指出了其在软件需求分析中的建模作用,并揭示了软件工程与计算机科学之间的关系。最后,指出了当今软件工程的发展与实践是在向 向计算机科学理论回归,从而作为计算机科学的理论基础的离散数学对实践的指导作用就显而易见了。