1,1,7-三氯-1-庚烯-3-酮的合成研究

1,1,7-三氯-1-庚烯-3-酮是合成吡唑类除草剂的重要中间体。以5-氯戊腈为起始原料,经水解,酰氯化生成中间体5-氯戊酰氯,再与1,1-二氯乙烯加成,然后消除生成1,1,7-三氯-1-庚烯-3-酮,产品纯度≥99%,总收率为85.9%,产品经1 H NMR和红外光谱验证。     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶分离提纯的研究

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶是重要的医药和农药中间体。研究用萃取、蒸馏以及柱色谱方法对3-甲基吡啶光氯化产物进行分离和提纯,制备高纯度的2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶。通过毛细管气相色谱检测纯度,结果表明产物纯度为99%以上。     

2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶的合成

以2,3,5-三氯吡啶为主要原料通过置换氟化法合成2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶。探讨了原料投料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对置换氟化反应的影响,其最佳工艺条件为:以环丁砜为溶剂,采用18-冠醚为相转移催化剂,在200°C保温反应3 h,采用连续移出目标产物的方式得到产品。氟化剂采用氟化钾。2,3,5-三氯吡啶与氟化钾的摩尔比为1 2.5。同时还研究了溶剂的回收套用。     

农药中间体2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶的合成

[目的]以2,3-二氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶生产过程中过度氯代产生的副产物2,3,6-三氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶为原料制备2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶。[方法]以2,3,6-三氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶为原料，经过水解、加氢脱氯、氯代反应制备2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶，并进行工艺优化。[结果]最优反应条件下，工艺总收率57.7%，产品纯度为99.3%。[结论]该工艺开发出一条新的制备2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶的路线，变废为宝，原料成本低，适合工业化生产。     

新方法合成2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶

改进了传统的气相法生产2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,以较新颖的液相合成方法成功地合成出2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶。提高了产率,减少了反应时间,且条件较为温和,在化工生产中具有-定的指导意义,对于其他吡啶类化合物的氯化亦有-定的参考价值。     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶的定向合成与结构测定

利用3-甲基吡啶为原料，通过光氯化反应合成并分离出了2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶。探讨了光氯化反应的机理，通过正交实验对其工艺进行优化，得到了合成产物的最佳工艺条件：温度为180℃，时间为10h，原料与溶剂体积比为1：3，产物产率可达到53．1％。同时用IR、^1HNMR、^13CNMR、MS、UV—Vis等光谱手段确定了产品的结构。     

合成2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶新方法

叙述近年来国内外发展的新农药如氟虫腈、溴虫腈、七氟菊酯、四氟苯菊酯、氯氟吡氧乙酸、吡氟禾草灵等相关的含氟中间体的开发,包括对-三氟甲基苯胺、2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基苯胺、2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基苯肼、3,5-二氯-4-氨基-6-氟吡啶酚、2,3,5,6-四氟苄醇、2,3,5,6-四氟-4-甲基苄醇、2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶、2.3-二氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶和2-(对氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈等合成方法和国内生产情况。 摘 要 改进了传统的气相法生产2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,以较新颖的液相合成方法成功地合成出2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,提高了产率,减少了反应时间,且条件较为温和,在化工生产中具有一定的指导意义,对于其他吡啶类化合物的氯化亦有一定的参考价值。     

烟嘧磺隆中间体2-氯-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺合成新方法

报道了制备烟嘧磺隆中间体2-氯-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺的新方法。以2-氯-3-三氯甲基吡啶为原料,在90~100℃条件下,滴加二甲胺水溶液,控制反应液p H值为8~9,经1步反应合成2-氯-N,N-二甲基烟酰胺。产品质量分数在99%以上,反应收率达到98.5%。该制备工艺反应条件温和,操作简单,适合工业化生产。     

管式反应器中3-氯-2-氯甲基丙烯的合成研究

在自行设计制作的管式反应器中,采用异丁烯气相连续氯化合成了3-氯-2-氯甲基丙烯(CCMP),其结构经气质联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定。实验表明该反应器解决了氯化反应的强放热问题,实现了温度的均布。重点考察了原料气配比、反应温度、停留时间、总流量等因素对该氯化工艺的影响。结果表明,使用管长500 mm的反应器,氯气和异丁烯摩尔比为2.03,温度50℃,流量0.26 L/min的较佳工艺条件下,可获得3-氯-2-甲基丙烯(1.0~1.5)%,1,3-二氯-2-甲基丙烷(6~8)%,CCMP和1,3-二氯-2-甲基丙烯65%以上(选择性达80%),1,2,3-三氯-2-甲基丙烯约20%的产物组成。     

5-氯-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮的合成研究

以3-氯丙酰氯、氯苯、三氯化铝、浓硫酸为原料合成5-氯-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮,对影响反应的主要因素进行了研究,优化了条件,优化后的反应条件为:氯代酮合成:n(三氯化铝)∶n(氯苯)∶n(3-氯丙酰氯)=1.1∶4∶1,滴加温度为5℃,滴加时间2h,保温温度60℃,保温时间3h;5-氯茚酮合成:搅拌速度小于100r/min,n(H2SO4)∶n(氯代酮)=36.8∶1,滴加时间4h,溶剂为石油醚(90-120℃)。此工艺原料价廉易得,产品纯度高,总收率达50.6%,产品纯度达98%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。