Obtaining subjects for research.

5 sources of Ss which have produced ample data include: (a) United States Employment Service, (b) military reserve units, (c) operational military units, (d) prisons, (e) fire departments. "The research subject problem can be solved by obtaining the help of organizations other than universities… . The cooperation of these organizations can best be obtained by establishing a rapport based on an understanding of their needs." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

液压设备的安全防护

液压油在高温环境中易燃烧引起设备火灾,火灾是热轧带钢厂最大的安全隐患,其经济损失不可估量.文章介绍了济钢热连轧厂为防火灾对液压设备所做的安全防护,可供相关单位借鉴.     

高原低气压环境室内富氧的安全氧气体积分数上限

为了解决高海拔地区的富氧安全问题,通过实验模拟高原低气压环境,研究了滤纸、棉布和涤卡在富氧环境下燃烧速度的变化情况.由实验可得,氧分压不变时,随着海拔的升高,材料的燃烧速度显著加快.结果表明,在高海拔地区,富氧到与一个标准大气压中氧分压一致,会产生火灾危险.通过对实验数据的分析,得出了高原低气压环境下室内富氧的安全氧浓度上限.     

制氧生产中防火防爆问题的探讨

本文介绍了制氧生产中火灾、爆炸发生的几种主要可能性及其原因、机理和防燃爆措施 ,并对空分设备的爆炸进行了重点阐述。     

Fire hazards and CO2 laser resurfacing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fire risk of laser resurfacing in the presence of supplemental oxygen. This study aims at defining safety parameters of variables such as laser energy level, oxygen flow rate, and "oxygen to laser target distance" when oxygen is delivered through a nasal cannula or nasopharyngeal tube. The typical operating room environment was simulated in the laboratory using the Yucatan minipig animal model. The energy source was a Coherent Ultrapulse CO2 laser. It was found that combustion did not occur at laser settings of 500 mJ, 50 W, 100 kHz, and a density of 5, used in conjunction with an oxygen flow rate of 6 liter/minute with the target area as close as 0.5 cm to the oxygen delivery. A total of 400 computer pattern generator treatments were delivered using this energy setting without observation of any combustion (p < 0.001). This provides evidence that while using even somewhat high laser settings and oxygen flow rate, laser induced fires can be avoided. We conclude that use of the laser in the presence of oxygen is safe, provided the target area is free of combustible fuels. Despite this assurance, laser mishaps are serious because they lead to both morbidity and mortality. It is our recommendation that close attention be constantly paid to all details, thus reducing the hazard potential of laser energy on local factors in an oxygen-rich environment.     

Fluid–Solid Coupling Simulation on the Temperature Distribution of Tuyere Used for Oxygen Bottom Blowing Converter

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - For an oxygen bottom blowing converter, a high-temperature fire spot zone forms above the tuyere owing to oxygen reaction. The bottom blowing tuyere and...     

敞开环式焙烧炉烟气净化系统着火原因分析及预防措施

分析了敞开环式焙烧炉烟气净化系统着火原因。结合生产实际,介绍了某公司为了杜绝发生火灾,从调整电捕焦油器捕集物比例,降低烟气中的氧含量,改造及清理电捕焦油器,改进电场电压、电流控制及启动操作方法等方面采取的措施。     

干式煤气柜柜内“水”消防系统问题探析

本文论述了煤气柜内着火的机理，对柜内使用“水”消防的弊端进行了剖析，提出了采用“氮气”消防的设想。     

Outpatient pharmacotherapy in a community mental health center

A 78-year-old man underwent ectropion repair with a monopolar electrosurgical unit. A flash fire occurred, resulting in a loss of eyelashes of the left upper and lower eyelids. A retrospective analysis of the case was conducted, including a review of the relevant literature. Although rare, the possibility of a flash fire should be considered when performing surgery with an electrosurgical unit. Minimizing supplemental oxygen and electrosurgical power settings may help to avoid such an incident.     

Pattern generator for repetitive avian vocalization: preliminary localization and functional characterization

Electrical stimulation of the midbrain call areas was used to drive medullary neurons. Their activity was recorded with fine (25 mum) wire electrodes that allowed the nearer ones to be resolved as units. Syringeal (hypoglossal) motor neurons were identified by antidromic activation. Various units were turned on, speeded, slowed, stopped, or caused to fire in repetitive bursts. All units that were antidromically activated by hypoglossal stimulation fired in repetitive bursts with a rhythms which closely resembled that of calling. Many other units also fired in this bursting pattern, and the large majority of them were found at the obex or caudal to it despite extensive search rostrally. The nature of likely inputs to the medullary call neurons is discussed.     

Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

This investigation assessed the physical characteristics, functional capacities, and body composition of 45 professional fire fighters, aged 23 through 49 years. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2), Recovery Oxygen Uptake, arm and leg strength, all showed a negative linear relationship with age. On the other hand, percent body fat increased with age from 18% to 21%. Hand grip strength did not decline significantly as the grip strength values remained fairly constant for all of the fire fighters. Most of the data collected were considered to be within the normal range of the sedentary North American population. It was concluded from these data that professional fire fighters might well benefit from a training program designed to develop and maintain a higher level of personal fitness.     

Gender differences in fire fighter job stressors and symptoms of stress

This study described gender differences in fire fighter appraisal of job stressors and symptoms of stress. A sample of 670 male and 41 female fire fighters responded to an anonymous mail survey consisting of three standardized and investigator-developed questionnaires. Male and female fire fighter respondents were more similar than different on both job stressor and symptoms of stress measures. Five job stressors were ranked the most "bothersome" by both males and females during the last 10 shifts worked. These were: sleep disturbance, wage/benefit concerns, job skill concerns, substandard equipment, and safety concerns. Of these five job stress factors, only one gender difference was noted. Female fire fighters reported significantly higher scores than males on job skill concerns. Job discrimination reported by female respondents was significantly higher than for males (t = 3.51, p < .0001) even though it was not ranked among the five most stressful factors. Partial correlations computed between job stressors and symptoms of stress, while controlling for the number of years as a fire fighter, were of moderately high magnitude for both genders and similar to simple correlations computed. These results suggest that the number of years of service did not account for gender differences reported.     

燃煤气锅炉燃烧调节机理与方法探讨

阐述了煤气锅炉燃烧调节的重要性和基本原则,提出了根据烟气含氧量,炉膛负压,烟气温度,火焰颜色和刚度,配风量以及烟气颜色来调节煤气锅炉燃烧的６种方法。     

程序升温条件下煤炭自燃特性

通过程序升温实验研究了煤炭的自燃特性,测定了不同粒度煤样在不同温度下产生CO,CO₂等气体的浓度.讨论了指标气体的选择,分析了CO,CO₂等气体浓度随温度的变化规律,得到了耗氧速度与煤温及煤体粒度的关系.结果表明,煤体粒度越小,温度越高,则煤氧复合的强度越大.本实验的研究结果对煤矿火灾的防治具有指导作用.     

The measurement of hydrogen activities in molten copper using an oxide protonic conductor

We have developed a hydrogen sensor for in situ measurements of hydrogen activities in molten copper. The sensor consists of a concentration cell utilizing a proton conductor, CaZr_0.9In_0.1O_3-δ, as the solid electrolyte. The electromotive force (emf) of the cell was generated by both hydrogen and oxygen activity gradients across the cell in a high-temperature region simulating the fire refining processes of copper. However, accurate hydrogen activity in molten copper could be evaluated from the emf if oxygen activity in molten copper was determined simultaneously by another concentration cell and if the hydrogen and the oxygen activities at the reference electrode were known. The performance of the sensor was studied under various conditions. The observed good response and reliability of the sensor show that it should be a powerful tool for improvement of the fire refining process of the molten copper. Theoretical treatment of the calculation of the emf of the concentration cells using a mixed ionic conductor, i.e., protonic and oxide ionic conductor, as solid electrolytes is also discussed briefly.     

Crystal structure of a functional unit from Octopus hemocyanin

Hemocyanins are giant oxygen transport proteins found in many arthropods and molluscs. Freely dissolved in the hemolymph, they are multisubunit proteins that contain many copies of the active site, a copper atom pair that reversibly binds oxygen. Octopus hemocyanin is composed of ten subunits, each of which contain seven oxygen-binding "functional units". The carboxyl-terminal 47 kDa functional unit, Odg, is a proteolytic isolate that binds oxygen reversibly while exhibiting slight Bohr and magnesium ion effects. In this work we present the X-ray structure determination and analysis of Odg at 2.3 A resolution. Odg has two structural domains: a largely alpha-helical copper binding domain, and a five-stranded anti-parallel beta-sandwich with the jelly roll topology found in many viruses. Six histidine residues ligate the copper atoms, one of which is involved in a thioether bridge. The results show that the hemocyanin from the mollusc and that from the arthropod have distinct tertiary folds in addition to the long recognized differences in their quaternary structures. Nonetheless, a comparison of Octopus and horseshoe crab hemocyanin reveals a similar active site, in a striking example of perhaps both convergent and divergent evolution.     

Application of the triad of blast furnace,oxygen converter,and electric arc furnace for reducing of carbon footprint

Carbon footprint is the mass of carbon formed in the full cycle of manufacturing one kind or another product. This carbon is included in greenhouse gases. During production of iron and steel are generated carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases: methane, and carbon dioxide. Methane and carbon monoxide burn to carbon dioxide by secondary energy resources. By this means, the carbon footprint by the production of iron and steel has determined by the weight of carbon dioxide formed in this production. As results of analysis of the processes of manufacture of iron and steel, it has revealed that the tandem of blast furnace with electric arc furnace is characterized by a lower value of integrated emissions of CO₂ than the tandem of blast furnace with an oxygen converter. It was proposed to process of the cast iron made by one blast furnace, then in the oxygen converter, and, at last, in one or more electric arc furnaces. Moreover, the electric arc furnace is loaded by 30% of iron produced in blast furnace, and the remaining 70% are complemented by metal scrap. In the oxygen converter is loaded, the part of cast iron (75–85%), that remained after processing in the arc furnace. The converter is applied the metal scrap for full loading. Calculations of total emission of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units are made. Simultaneous use of oxygen converter with electric arc furnaces for cast iron smelting (obtained from one blast furnace) helps to reduce reliably the emission of carbon dioxide to 20% as it is follows from these calculations. This suggests that such a triad of used units conforms to green technology. Example of the use of mentioned triad is for a full load of the converter applied to metal scrap. The calculations total emissions of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units were performed. From these calculations it follows that the simultaneous use of oxygen converters after electric arc furnaces for smelting iron (obtained from one blast furnace), it helps to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to 20%. This suggests that this triad of used units conforms to green technology. An example of using this triad is in the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, where along with the oxygen converter, electric arc furnaces with the use of locally produced electricity at burning fuel of secondary energy resources from units, in which the fuel is burnt. This practice can be recommended for a number of other metallurgical enterprises.     

Training networks of value units: A learning rule for PDP systems with nonmonotonic activation functions.

Much of the research in "New Connectionism" has studied "multiple-layer" perceptrons. Such a perceptron is a network of simple processing units, and can detect whether or not some property is true of a presented pattern. A multiple-layer perceptron has a layer of input units to which patterns are presented, as well as a layer of output units to represent an elicited response. Between these two layers are one or more layers of "hidden" processing units, which typically act as feature detectors. An important difficulty faced when dealing with such a network is the problem of credit assignment: how can the difference between the desired and observed activation in the output layer be used to change properties of "hidden" network components? The credit assignment problem needs to be solved if the network is to be trained to detect some property of interest. The generalized delta rule offers one solution to the credit assignment problem. While the generalized delta rule has provided a viable solution to the credit assignment problem, it has led to other difficulties. Processing units with monotonic activation functions cannot themselves make very sophisticated distinctions. Our approach to limiting the proliferation of hidden units has led to an important extension of the generalized delta rule. We have developed a technique to train networks with much more powerful processors. This research provides several advances to the Connectionist programme. First, we have shown how to train networks containing a new (and more powerful) kind of processing unit. Second, the use of such units reduces the number of hidden units required to make pattern discriminations. Third, our new learning rule can be used to train networks with two different kinds of processing units, which is a small but important step to the biological plausibility of connectionist networks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于避险设施的火灾救援及避灾路线算法

以VC#.net、SQL Server 2008和地理信息系统为平台,对矿井地图进行了具有地理属性开发的研究,建立了图形库、数据库、方法库和知识库,并构建了基于避险设施的矿井火灾应急救援系统。对矿井火灾进行了实时在线模拟,分析和预测了火灾动态发展趋势,实现了矿井火灾烟流传播和最佳避灾路线的动态可视化显示功能。引入安全性、通行效率等因素对灾后巷道通行能力的变化进行修正,制定了基于避险设施的最优避灾路线选择原则和\     

Combined injection of oxygen and neutral gas in the converter bath

Comparison reveals defects in existing methods for the combined injection of oxygen and neutral gas in the converter bath. A new technology is proposed, in which oxygen and neutral-gas jets are introduced in the working space through a two-level upper lance, while neutral gas is introduced through bottom units.