国产双层不处理胶辊的应用探讨

通过国产双层不处理胶辊与进口不处理胶辊和国产处理胶辊的对比分析，结合胶辊磨励质量，说明国产不处理胶辊具有良好的推广使用价值，对企业氯亏增盈十分有利。     

ME666胶辊的应用与国产胶辊的对比

通过ME666胶辊的应用,掌握了胶辊直径与成纱质量的关系及胶辊的保养对成纱质量的影响。经过ME666胶辊与国产胶辊的对比试验,认为国产胶辊可以代替进口胶辊。     

不处理胶辊的应用与探讨

讨论了不处理胶辊的制作、保养方法及相关的纺纱工艺参数，研究了国产胶辊与进口胶辊的成纱质量，试验结果表明：国产胶辊接近进口胶辊的水平，但尚存在一定的差距。     

国产不处理胶辊的应用实践

通过几种国内外不处理胶辊的使用对比,认为虽然进口胶辊质量较国产的好,但价格为昂贵,建议用户选用国产胶辊;同时希望国产胶辊质量得以提高以满足市场需要。     

WRC-365不处理软胶辊的应用实践

通过新型国产胶辊与进口胶辊的的使用质量对比，阐明国产胶辊的内在质量逐步走向成熟。     

应用WRC-365型表面不处理胶辊的纺纱效果分析

通过WRC-365型新型国产胶辊与进口美国J463型胶辊的纺纱质量对比，说明WRC-365型国产胶辊的内在质量和纺纱性能与进口胶辊相当，而且比进口胶辊廉价得多。     

对LXC-60型不处理胶辊的应用

分析了LXC-60型不处理胶辊的优点，通过与进口及其它国产胶辊的试验对比，指出LXC-60型胶辊成纱质量优于另两种国产胶辊，接近于进口胶辊且价格低廉。     

LXC-60型与J463型胶辊的纺纱对比实践

通过对国产与进口同硬度胶辊的耐用性能和成纱质量的对比分析,说明了国产LXC-60型胶辊在一定条件下替代进口胶辊的可行性。     

进口棉纺设备胶辊胶圈的使用管理体会

为了进一步做好进口棉纺设备胶辊胶圈的国产化配套及胶辊胶圈的管理工作,对胶辊胶圈使用实践进行了总结.认为国产胶辊性能提高,可替代进口胶辊与进口纺纱设备配套使用;国产胶圈在耐老化性、耐磨性、高速适应性方面与进口胶圈存在一定差距,使用中更换周期要适当缩短;生产中要严格选用纺纱性能好的胶辊胶圈,重视相关牵伸元件及工艺的系统配合,合理配套使用;要加大力度对胶辊间国产磨砺设备进行改造,提高磨砺精度;胶辊间应加强日常管理工作,实行制度化管理,从严要求,提高制作质量.     

国产不处理软弹胶辊的使用实践

本文介绍了国产不处理软弹胶同进口胶辊的质量对比实验，以及国产胶辊在使用中应注意事项，出现的问题，简单介绍胶辊的发展过程。     

我国不同生态区云烟97烟叶主要品质性状差异分析

为掌握云烟97在我国不同生态区烟叶的主要品质性状差异,系统分析了云南曲靖（清香型烟区）、贵州毕节（中偏清香型烟区）和重庆武隆（中间香型烟区）3个烤烟种植生态区云烟97烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、风格特征和烟气品质。结果表明,贵州毕节烟叶烟气品质综合得分最高,中部叶干草香香韵、香气质、香气量和透发性得分显著高于云南和重庆,还原糖含量和烟气浓度显著高于重庆;云南曲靖烟叶外观质量最好,中部叶总氮含量、氮碱比值以及烟气飘逸感得分均显著高于贵州和重庆,烟气浓度和劲头得分居中,清香型特点显著;重庆武隆烟叶外观质量居中,中部叶总植物碱含量、烟气刺激性、干燥感和悬浮感得分均显著高于云南和贵州,而糖碱比和余味得分则显著低于云南和贵州,中间香型特点显著。由云南经贵州向重庆方向,云烟97烟叶清甜香韵和烟气飘逸感逐渐减弱,木香香韵和烟气悬浮感逐渐加强。     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

Retention of mineral constituents in frozen brassicas depending on the method of preliminary processing of the raw material and preparation of frozen products for consumption

The content of ash, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined in four species of brassicas: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and green and white cauliflowers. The investigation covered the raw material, the material blanched or cooked before freezing and frozen products after 12 months of refrigerated storage and prepared for consumption. Frozen products were obtained by the traditional method of freezing the blanched material or by the modified method of freezing the cooked material. The processing of vegetables before freezing (washing, grinding, blanching or cooking) caused statistically significant decreases in most constituents analysed. Blanching did not basically change the content of sodium and calcium; or that of chromium in both types of cauliflower; copper and nickel in white cauliflower; and nickel and phosphorus in Brussels sprouts. Cooking in brine, however, caused increases in the content of ash, sodium and calcium in white cauliflower, decreases in the content of potassium and iron and, in some species, of the remaining constituents. In comparison with the traditional method, a greater content of most analysed elements was found in frozen products obtained by the modified technology and prepared for consumption. However, no significant differences were noted in the level of chromium in all the samples; in the level of calcium in broccoli and green cauliflower; of nickel in broccoli; of nickel, copper and zinc in white cauliflower; and of copper in green cauliflower.     

红车轴草不同部位中异黄酮含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法对红车轴草不同部位(花、茎和叶)中四种主要异黄酮(鸡豆黄素A、芒柄花黄素、染料木素和大豆黄素)的含量进行了测定,结果表明:以占干物质计,4种异黄酮总量,叶中含量最高(0.856%),茎次之(0.403%),花中含量较低(0.258%)。鸡豆黄素A和芒柄花黄素是红车轴草中两种最主要的异黄酮,主要分布在叶中,其次是茎,花中含量较低。染料木素和大豆黄素,无论是花、茎还是叶,含量均较低。     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

不同收割期坛紫菜挥发性成分分析

通过电子鼻和SPME-GC-MS 方法对不同收割期的坛紫菜的挥发性成分进行分析,电子鼻实验表明不同收割期的坛紫菜挥发性成分差异明显;SPME 萃取坛紫菜的挥发性成分,通过GC-MS 分别从一水、二水、三水和四水坛紫菜中分离鉴定出35、38、51 和55 种化合物,其中以醛酮类和烷烃类为主,8- 十七烯、壬醛和己醛是坛紫菜中主要的挥发性物质;实验结果还表明一水和二水坛紫菜挥发性成分变化较小,质量较稳定,三水和四水坛紫菜挥发性变化较大,因此一水和二水坛紫菜适宜开发作为食品。     

酸汤对酸汤牛肉特征风味及品质的影响

研究酸汤（红酸汤、白酸汤、混合酸汤（红酸汤＋白酸汤））煮制对牛肉感官品质、pH值、色泽、水分含量、蒸煮损失率、嫩度、质构等理化特性的影响,并结合气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析酸汤牛肉挥发性成分,评价酸汤牛肉综合品质。结果表明,与对照组比较,酸汤可显著提高牛肉的嫩度和水分含量,降低牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性,改善牛肉的色泽和感官品质。白酸汤牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性最低,水分含量最高,红酸汤牛肉水分含量次之。红酸汤牛肉与白酸汤牛肉嫩度无显著差异,红酸汤可以显著提高牛肉红度值和黄度值。混合酸汤对牛肉亮度值提升效果较好。红酸汤和白酸汤中乳酸质量浓度最高,分别为23.27、4.90 mg/mL。酸汤牛肉中共鉴定出挥发性风味物质55 种,不同酸汤牛肉挥发性成分存在明显差异;与对照组比较,酸汤煮制牛肉可降低醛类物质相对含量,增加酯类、酸类和酮类物质相对含量,其中,红酸汤牛肉酯类和酸类物质相对含量较高,醛类物质相对含量较低,感官评分最高,口感风味最佳。红酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为乳酸乙酯、丁醛、乙酸、苯甲醛（二聚体）、2-甲基丙酸等;白酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为丙醇、2-丁酮、3-戊酮、丙酸等;混合酸汤牛肉以酮类物质为主要特征风味物质。与对照组相比,酸汤牛肉中部分风味物质增加,形成酸汤牛肉特有的特征风味。综上所述,红酸汤牛肉挥发性风味成分丰富,感官评价及综合品质更好,红酸汤是制作酸汤牛肉的适宜选择。     

萝卜丝入坛发酵对安岳坛子肉特征风味形成的影响

为了解萝卜丝入坛发酵对安岳坛子肉特征风味的影响,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法对发酵 过程中坛子肉和萝卜丝中的挥发性风味物质进行鉴定及分析。结果表明：萝卜丝和坛子肉中共检出11 类301 种挥发 性物质,萝卜丝与坛子肉中挥发性物质的种类及相对含量差异较大;萝卜丝中共检出醇类物质31 种,坛子肉中共 检出27 种;萝卜丝中共检出酯类物质57 种,坛子肉中共检出14 种;萝卜丝中共检出醛类物质17 种,坛子肉中共 检出5 种;萝卜丝中共检出酸类物质7 种,坛子肉中共检出4 种;萝卜丝中共检出酮类物质13 种,坛子肉中共检出 7 种;萝卜丝中共检出碳氢化合物94 种,坛子肉中共检出20 种;发酵坛子肉中相对含量最高的为醇类,其次为酯 类和碳氢化合物,发酵萝卜丝中相对含量最高的为酯类,其次为醇类和碳氢化合物;发酵坛子肉的特征风味物质主 要包括正己醛、乙醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚 烷;萝卜丝入坛发酵有助于坛子肉特征风味的形成。     

Impact of storage structures on moisture content,insect pests and mycotoxin levels of maize in Ghana

Insect pests and fungal pathogens can cause extensive product losses and pose health risks in sub-Saharan Africa. In this experiment, maize stored as de-husked cobs or shelled maize in a ventilated crib and a metal bin, and in bags in warehouses, was monitored monthly in Ghana from October of 2015 to December of 2015 (the major season) and from January to April of 2016 (the minor season). Temperature, moisture content, insect pests, and associated damage were assessed monthly, and samples were taken in October, December, January, and April for mycotoxin analyses. Moisture content, which ranged from 9 to 15% during the year was occasionally greater in the bin and warehouse compared to the crib, and greater in months associated with the major season compared to other months. Temperatures varied with season but were generally warmer in the bin compared to the warehouse and crib. The predominant insect collected was Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), with the lowest populations in the crib, but in each structure the populations were about 10x greater in the major season compared to the minor season. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the second most-prevalent species, but populations of this species were greater in the crib compared to the bin or warehouse. Scattered populations of other stored product insects were collected from the maize samples and in pheromone traps. Percentage insect damaged kernels (IDK) and weight loss were also greater in samples from months where S. zeamais was present. Aflatoxin was above 10 ppb only in the warehouse in December, while fumonisin levels in all the storage structures were <0.5 ppm for all months. Results show that maize stored during the major season in Ghana is at risk from insect damage, and metal bins could be utilized more frequently for storage.     

不同钝化剂处理下镉和铅在土壤-杭白菊体系中富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化

为综合评价生物质炭、调理剂和腐殖酸3种不同钝化剂对杭白菊镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量降解的影响,通过土壤盆栽实验研究了钝化剂处理下Cd和Pb在2种土壤-杭白菊体系中的富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化。结果表明：在2种不同程度Cd和Pb污染土壤中添加3种钝化剂杭白菊整体对Cd富集系数均降低,其中添加生物质炭降幅最显著（54.70%、72.27%）;添加生物质炭相较于其它2种钝化剂对抑制Cd和Pb在茎-花间的迁移以及菊花茶茶渣中的残留量效果均最显著,茶渣中两者的残留在土壤1中分别下降48.91%、56.10%,土壤2中分别下降62.77%、86.00%。土壤1中添加生物质炭花中绿原酸、木犀草苷和异绿原酸A含量与对照相比增幅最显著,分别为154.93%、77.11%和99.09%;而土壤2中添加3种钝化剂,3种有效成分含量均极显著提高。综合分析,生物质炭对Cd和Pb在杭白菊植株中的降解,降低菊花茶中的残留以及提升菊花品质方面效果最佳,可作为杭白菊种植区土壤钝化修复首选材料。