基于标签传播的蚁群优化算法求解社区发现问题

社区发现问题对于研究复杂网络的特性具有重要作用。蚁群算法由于其采用分布式正反馈并行机制,具有较强的鲁棒性和稳定性,被越来越频繁地应用于社区发现领域。针对蚁群算法求解社区发现存在求解精度低、收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于标签传播的蚁群优化算法(BLP_ACO)。采用一种新的解向量表达方式,其中每个节点位置存放该节点所属社区的标签。在解的构造阶段提出基于节点凝聚性的蚂蚁转移策略,降低蚂蚁转移过程中的随机性,从而提高算法的精确度;将标签传播思想引入到蚁群搜索过程,使算法快速收敛。在解的优化阶段采用基于模块度优化的合并策略,进一步提高算法的求解精度;更新信息素时对所有处于社区内部的边滞留信息素。在真实网络和LFR基准网络上验证,结果表明该算法能够准确高效地挖掘出社区结构。     

一种基于局部回路的标签传播改进算法

社区发现是复杂网络分析领域的重要研究内容。针对标签传播算法中标签传播的随机性问题,提出一种基于局部回路的标签传播改进算法,即当节点邻居中标签出现频率存在多个最高时,不是随机选择一个邻居的标签作为该节点的标签,而是选择与该节点构成最短局部回路的邻居标签作为该节点标签,避免了标签在社区之间的任意传播。最后,用真实网络进行测试,结果表明,与传统的标签算法相比,提出的改进算法使社区划分结果得到了提高。     

基于密度峰值的标签传播社区发现算法

针对标签传播算法中节点启动顺序和更新标签的随机性造成的结果不稳定问题,提出一种新标签传播算法用于复杂网络社区检测（density peaks and node similarity,DPNS-LPA）,包括社区中心的确定和外围节点的标签传播。首先利用大度节点不利指标、Jaccard指标和度为1节点的结构特性刻画节点局部相似性指标,并用此指标度量节点间距离和解决最大标签相同时的随机选择;然后引入改进的密度峰值聚类算法寻找社区中心,确定社区数量;最后基于社区中心和外围节点的标签传播,得到最终的社区划分结果。通过人工网络和真实网络上的实验,结果表明标准化互信息、模块度和d-score指标值优于对比算法,所提出的算法可以有效发现复杂网络中的社区结构,且鲁棒性更高。     

基于加权聚类集成的标签传播算法

标签传播算法（LPA）是一种高效地处理大规模网络的社区发现算法,由于其近乎线性的时间复杂度而受到广泛关注。然而,该算法每个节点的标签依赖于其邻居节点,其迭代速度和聚类有效性对标签信息的更新顺序非常敏感,影响了社区发现结果的准确性和稳定性。基于该问题,提出了一种基于加权聚类集成的标签传播算法。该算法利用多次标签传播算法的结果作为基聚类集,并用模块度评估每个基聚类的重要性,使其作为节点相似性度量的权值形成加权相似性矩阵,最后通过层次聚类得出最终的社区划分结果。在实验分析中,该算法和其他5个具有代表性的标签传播算法的改进算法在真实数据集上进行了比较,展示了新算法能有效地提高标签传播算法的社区发现精度。     

基于节点层级与标签传播增益的重叠社区发现?

多标签传播算法具有接近线性的时间复杂度,但用于重叠社区发现时存在精度低、稳定性差的问题。文中基于重叠节点更可能出现在社区边缘的思想,提出基于节点层级与标签传播增益的重叠社区发现算法。该算法首先利用改进的基于节点中心度与社区分布约束的单标签传播方法发现非重叠社区,并在标签传播过程中利用局部信息同步计算节点中心度。然后根据节点中心度定义节点层级函数,标记节点在所属社区中的层级。最后基于节点间的标签传播增益,利用新的多标签更新规则,获得重叠社区结构。实验表明该算法能有效提高精度和稳定性。     

一种基于局部随机游走的标签传播算法

社区结构是复杂网络的重要特征之一,识别网络中不同功能的社区对理解复杂网络特性具有重要作用。基于标签传播的社区发现算法通常以节点的直接邻居作为邻域更新标签,可能无法准确发现社区结构或导致得到的社区划分结果不稳定。针对此问题,提出了一种基于局部随机游走的标签传播算法(Local Random Walk Based Label Propagation Algorithm, LRW-LPA),利用节点的k步邻域内局部重要性指标选择重要性最低的节点作为起始节点,进行带重启的局部随机游走以确定起始节点的局部邻域;选择此局部邻域范围内出现次数最多且影响值最大的标签来更新起始节点标签。LRW-LPA采用带重启的局部随机游走过程能更准确地确定节点的合适邻域范围,提高了算法的稳定性。与LPA,BGLL,Infomap, Leiden, Walktrap等经典社区发现算法在12个真实网络和12个人工构造网络上的比较实验表明,LRW-LPA算法在标准互信息(NMI)、调整兰德系数(ARI)和模块度(Q)等方面表现良好。     

基于多标签传播的重叠社区发现优化算法

标签传播算法是一种被广泛应用的社区发现算法,该算法为网络中的每个节点分配一个初始标签,然后通过传播标签来发现复杂网络中的潜在社区,具有时间复杂度低的特点。当前基于标签传播的重叠社区发现算法存在忽略节点重要性差异、需要人为设置参数等不足。针对该类算法在重叠社区发现方面的缺陷,提出一种基于多标签传播的重叠社区发现优化算法。该算法使用K-核分解方法找出若干个社区核心节点,以这些节点为种子节点,逐层向外传播标签;在进行标签选择的时候以邻居节点标签的种类来决定重叠节点的标签个数。实验表明,该算法明显改善了社区发现的性能,提高了划分结果的稳定性和准确性。     

基于LeaderRank的重叠社区发现算法

在真实的社交网络结构中常常存在着社区相互重叠的现象,发现社交网络中的重叠社区有利于研究网络特性,反映网络中的真实情况。针对多标签传播重叠社区发现算法COPRA存在的随机性,导致社区发现结果稳定性差等问题,提出一种结合节点重要性的标签传播算法。该算法首先采用LeaderRank计算出网络中各个节点的重要性,选择重要性高的节点进行团扩展作为标签初始阶段的预处理,采用合理的标签更新顺序以防止抵消预处理阶段的工作,后期引入贡献度来弱化标签选择阶段的随机性,在基准网络和真实网络上的实验结果表明本文算法提高了社区发现结果的质量。     

稳定的标签传播社团划分算法研究

快速稳定地发现复杂网络中的社团是近年来社团划分研究的热点。标签传播算法(LPA)具有接近线性的时间复杂度,能快速发现复杂网络中的社团结构,但是该算法在标签传播过程中存在不确定性和随机性,降低了划分结果的准确性和稳定性。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种稳定的标签传播社团划分算法(S-LPA)。该算法利用改进的K-Shell算法来计算节点全局影响力,并结合能反映节点局部影响力的度值以及邻居节点信息,计算节点综合影响力;在标签传播过程中,根据标签影响力更新标签;当网络中所有节点的标签不再变化或者迭代次数达到最大值时,拥有相同标签的节点划分到同一社团中。在真实网络和人工合成网络上的实验结果表明,S-LPA算法不仅具有线性时间复杂度,而且提高了社团划分的质量和稳定性。     

基于多标签传播机制的蛋白质相互作用网络功能模块检测*

鉴于多标签传播算法在发现社会网络的社区结构研究上具有快速、高效的求解能力,提出融合多源蛋白质生物学知识的基于多标签传播机制的蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络功能模块检测算法.首先,结合PPI网络功能信息和结构信息初始化节点的标签.然后,利用基因表达数据描述蛋白质间的共表达性,依据共表达性构建标签集合,从中选择标签以实现标签在节点间真实可靠的传播.最后,将具有相同标识符的节点划分到同一功能模块中,获得最终结果.实验表明文中算法不仅具有良好的时间性能,而且在检测精度上也具有一定的竞争性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。