结构稀疏表示分类目标跟踪算法

为提高目标跟踪算法在复杂条件下的鲁棒性和准确性,研究了一种基于贝叶斯分类的结构稀疏表示目标跟踪算法。首先通过首帧图像获得含有目标与背景模板的稀疏字典和正负样本;然后采用结构稀疏表示的思想对样本进行线性重构,获得其稀疏系数;进而设计一款贝叶斯分类器,分类器通过正负样本的稀疏系数进行训练,并对每个候选目标进行分类,获得其相似度信息;最后采用稀疏表示与增量学习结合的方法对稀疏字典进行更新。将该算法与其他4种先进算法在6组测试视频中进行比较,实验证明了该算法具有更好的性能。     

帧间连续结构稀疏表示的目标跟踪算法

目标跟踪技术在日常生活和生产中有着广泛的应用,但是设计一种具有鲁棒性、准确性和实时性的跟踪算法仍具有很大的难度。为了提高跟踪算法的性能,设计了一种帧间连续结构稀疏表示目标跟踪算法。该算法在粒子滤波框架下进行,采用结构稀疏表示的原理重构候选目标。首先采用目标和背景样本构建稀疏字典, 以提高算法对目标和背景的区分能力。然后,构建含有帧间连续约束项的结构稀疏表示目标方程,该目标方程可以有效利用目标状态的连续性来确定目标状态。进而,根据重构残差设计了一种相似度描述方法,与传统方法相比,该方法对相似目标不敏感。最后,通过6组对比实验证明该算法具有较高的鲁棒性和准确性。     

利用稀疏协同模型的目标跟踪算法

针对增强视频目标跟踪鲁棒性难题,提出一种利用稀疏协同判别模型和生成模型的跟踪算法.在判别模型中,利用先验视觉知识训练一个基于SIFT特征的过完备字典,用于构建目标外观模型和训练分类器实现目标与背景的分离;在生成模型中,提取目标的局部特征以及计算目标的遮挡信息来构建目标模板,通过计算候选目标与目标模板的相似度实现对目标的跟踪;最终利用乘性策略融合2种模型的跟踪结果.定性和定量的实验结果表明,与经典跟踪算法相比,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性.     

软判决稀疏字典的目标跟踪算法

为提高视频目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提出一种基于在线更新稀疏模板的自适应参数特征判别跟踪算法.该算法采用离线方式训练出基于方向梯度直方图特征的字典,用于目标表示和线性分类器训练,从而构建出非固定参数的观测模型;观测模型中动态调整的权重系数由采用正负模板构建形成的稀疏字典进行实时动态更新;将观测模型与粒子滤波相结合对当前帧的各候选采样进行观测,得出跟踪结果.实验结果表明,文中算法具有相对较好的鲁棒性.     

利用增广拉格朗日乘子的鲁棒跟踪算子

针对视频目标鲁棒跟踪问题,提出了一种基于稀疏表示的生成式算法。首先提取特征构建目标和背景模板,并利用随机抽样获得足够多的候选目标状态;然后利用多任务反向稀疏表示算法得到稀疏系数矢量构造相似度测量图,这里引入了增广拉格朗日乘子(ALM)算法解决L₁-min难题;最后从相似度图中使用加性池运算提取判别信息选择与目标模板相似度最高并与背景模板相似度最小的候选目标状态作为跟踪结果,该算法是在贝叶斯滤波框架下实现的。为了适应跟踪过程中目标外观由于光照变化、遮挡、复杂背景以及运动模糊等场景引起的变化,制定了简单却有效的更新机制,对目标和背景模板进行更新。对仿真结果的定性和定量评估均表明与其他跟踪算法相比,所提算法的跟踪准确性和稳定性有了一定的提高,能有效地解决光照和尺度变化、遮挡、复杂背景等场景的跟踪难题。     

标签一致K-SVD稀疏编码视频跟踪算法

稀疏编码视频目标跟踪算法对目标遮挡问题有一定的适应性,但当目标受背景杂波、光照变化等干扰时,跟踪结果将会出现漂移现象.为此,提出一种基于字典学习和模板更新的视频目标跟踪算法.该算法在构造字典时加入背景模板集,利用标签一致K-SVD方法进行字典学习,同时训练出低维字典和目标背景分类器;在稀疏编码过程中,借助粒子滤波技术,采用分类器分类结果和候选目标直方图构建整体似然模型;最后通过字典学习更新字典、分类器及目标直方图.采用标准数据库中具有挑战性的视频数据进行算法测试实验,结果表明,对于存在遮挡、背景杂波、光照变化、目标旋转和尺度变化等复杂跟踪环境下的目标跟踪,文中算法都能有效地降低跟踪结果存在的漂移现象,且具有较好的稳定性.     

余弦权重逆稀疏框架视频目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪的遮挡与局部形变,提出局部余弦相似度训练权重的逆稀疏视觉目标跟踪策略。借鉴参数空间的粒子滤波的核心思想,以逆稀疏表示为理论框架,用候选目标重构模板获得候选目标的稀疏表示系数,依据表示系数分布特征筛选出最佳候选目标。为克服遮挡影响,引入新的目标函数构建模板的局部块判别能力：计算正负样本与模板之间的局部余弦相似度差值,利用二次优化,更新具有判别能力的权重。依据权重信息综合进行有选择的模板更新,避免模板更新的无效性。多组实验结果表明,该算法在部分遮挡等复杂环境下,仍然可以准确地跟踪目标,相比已有算法具有自己的优势。     

基于梯度方向直方图特征的多核跟踪

提出了基于梯度方向直方图特征的多核跟踪算法, 对跟踪过程中的光线变化和部分遮挡具有较强的鲁棒性. 该算法将目标分块, 分别提取出每块的核函数加权的梯度方向直方图特征. 目标模型和候选目标模型的相似度用所有块直方图间的Bhattacharyya系数之和进行度量, 目标的跟踪通过Mean shift算法最大化两者的相似度实现. 对车辆、人体等多个目标的跟踪验证了本文提出算法的有效性.     

基于超像素和判别稀疏的运动目标跟踪算法

针对目标遮挡、非刚性变换、光照变换等因素干扰产生的漂移问题,提出基于超像素和判别稀疏的运动目标跟踪算法。算法首先利用SLIC方法对运动目标的观测区域进行超像素分割,然后通过K-Means算法构建包含目标和背景的超像素字典,再基于判别稀疏表示和[?1]范数最小化框架求解候选目标的稀疏系数,同时结合粒子滤波框架和在线字典更新策略完成目标跟踪。实验结果表明,该算法在多种因素干扰的环境中具有较强的鲁棒性,能够准确稳定地进行在线目标跟踪。     

基于全局与局部结构反稀疏外观模型的目标跟踪算法*

为了提高稀疏表示跟踪模型性能,提出基于全局与局部结构反稀疏外观模型的目标跟踪算法(GLIS).首先采用反稀疏表达方式一次求解优化问题,计算所有粒子权重以提升算法实时性.然后,提出基于联合判别相似度图(JDS map)排名机制以提升算法鲁棒性,将候选目标分块并分别计算加权稀疏解,联结不同权重的局部块为整体并计算其稀疏解.最后采用联合机制将2种稀疏解合并为JDS map.在跟踪过程中,采用双重模板更新机制更新目标模板及权重模板.实验表明,在复杂环境下,文中算法仍然可以准确跟踪目标.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。