基于种群多样性模糊控制的粒子群算法

关于优化粒子群算法问题,针对标准粒子群算法前期收敛速度过快,后期容易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出一种种群多样性模糊控制的粒子群算法。为了控制种群多样性的变化,提高算法跳出局部最优解的性能,在算法中加入模糊控制器和位置跳变策略,通过控制参数的变化来控制粒子的速度、位置和种群多样性的变化,使算法从全局探测平稳过渡到局部开采。仿真结果表明,改进算法能有效避免陷入局部最优解,且对高维函数优化时效果更为明显,是一种高效的优化算法。     

一种克服局部最优的收缩因子PSO算法

收缩因子粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部最优并出现早熟收敛的现象。为此,提出一种改进的收缩因子粒子群优化算法。该算法引入速度因子和位置因子参数,若粒子向全局最优接近且速度小于设定的速度因子,则认为该粒子可能出现停滞,从而对该粒子进行初始化,以增强粒子活力。在算法陷入局部最优时,通过该方法驱散粒子以提高种群多样性,避免产生早熟收敛现象。对多峰标准测试函数进行仿真实验,结果表明,该算法能提高收敛精度,有效避免算法陷入局部最优。     

改进的变尺度混沌粒子群算法及其应用

针对粒子群算法(PSO)存在局部最优及后期收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种改进的变尺度混沌粒子群算法(IMCPSO).该算法初期,在整个解空间对最优粒子进行变尺度混沌扰动,以防止陷入局部最优;算法后期,则以最优粒子为中心引入变尺度混沌扰动,以提高算法收敛速度.当算法一旦陷入局部最优时,采用混沌粒子替代部分种群粒子以增加粒子多样性,使算法尽快跳出局部最优.基于benchmark测试函数的仿真结果表明,所提算法与基本粒子群算法(SPSO)和变尺度混沌粒子群算法(MCPSO)相比,具有明显好的搜索精度和收敛速度.最后,将该算法应用于电路故障诊断实验中的支持向量机参数优化问题,实验结果说明了其应用价值.     

基于Cat混沌与高斯变异的改进灰狼优化算法

针对基本灰狼优化算法在求解复杂问题时同样存在依赖初始种群、过早收敛、易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种改进的灰狼优化算法应用于求解函数优化问题中。该算法首先利用混沌Cat映射产生灰狼种群的初始位置,为算法全局搜索过程的种群多样性奠定基础;同时引入粒子群算法中的个体记忆功能以便增强算法的局部搜索能力和加快其收敛速度;最后采用高斯变异扰动和优胜劣汰选择规则对当前最优解进行变异操作以避免算法陷入局部最优。对13个基准测试函数进行仿真实验,结果表明,与基本GWO算法、PSO算法、GA算法以及ACO算法相比,该算法具有更好的求解精度和更快的收敛速度。     

基于分数阶麻雀搜索优化OTSU肺组织分割算法

针对传统粒子群算法应用于肺组织分割时寻优慢且易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种基于分数阶麻雀搜索优化的最大类间差法(OTSU)肺组织分割算法.采用分数阶微积分算法优化麻雀搜索算法,根据麻雀的位置信息,引入自适应分数阶阶次以自适应地调整分数阶阶次,加快算法收敛速度;采用灰度级-梯度二维直方图以减小二维直方图的计算量和麻雀的搜索范围;算法实现过程中,利用孔洞填充算法去除CT图像背景,采用形态学操作去除噪音并修补病变区域产生的孔洞.实验表明,所提算法达到稳定的收敛次数相较于粒子群优化OTSU算法、分数阶粒子群优化OTSU算法、麻雀搜索优化OTSU算法分别减少了22.75％,13.75％,2.25％,因此所提算法在保证分割精度的同时,提高了算法的收敛速度.     

一种新的自适应动态文化粒子群优化算法

为了克服粒子群优化算法在解决复杂问题时易陷入局部最优的缺陷, 提出了一种新的自适应动态文化粒子群优化算法。该算法引入评价粒子群早熟收敛程度的指标来判断种群空间粒子群状态, 以确定影响函数对种群空间粒子群的作用时机, 当算法陷入局部最优时, 自适应地利用影响函数对种群空间进行变异更新, 从而有效发挥文化粒子群算法的双演化双促进机制。并且根据种群的早熟收敛程度自适应地调整粒子的惯性权重, 使种群在进化过程中始终保持惯性权重的多样性, 在算法的全局收敛性与收敛速度之间作一个很好的折中。最后对四个经典的测试函数进行仿真, 结果表明该算法具有很强的搜索能力, 收敛速度和收敛精度也有所提高。     

基于反向学习和精英提升的无速度项动态粒子群算法

针对粒子群优化算法在处理复杂优化问题时搜索精度低、收敛速度慢且易陷入局部最优的问题，提出一种基于反向学习和精英提升的动态多种群无速度项粒子群算法。首先基于无速度项的粒子位置更新模式，动态划分子群并采用不同的进化策略，利用反向学习为子群拓宽搜索范围，保证种群多样性的同时避免粒子过早陷入局部最优。然后为充分利用优秀粒子的信息并提高搜索精度，改进精英提升策略优化个体历史最优粒子，使用差分进化算法对种群最优粒子进行更新。最后通过CEC2006提出的22个测试函数进行性能测试。结果表明，本文提出的算法相比于其他算法在搜索精度和稳定性上拥有更加出色的性能，并能有效提升算法收敛速度。     

基于粒子群算法的遗传算法研究

针对传统遗传算法存在的早熟收敛和易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法的遗传算法,其原理是用粒子群算法来构造变异算子和进行种群分割.通过对三个典型多峰值函数的优化来评估算法性能.实验结果表明,该算法能很好地保持种群的多样性和克服早熟现象,显著提高遗传算法的收敛速度.     

基于改进粒子群算法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统粒子群算法易陷入局部最优解、收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种基于信息分享策略的改进型粒子群算法,并首次将其应用于电力系统无功优化问题.改进的粒子群算法通过调整学习因子而获得合理有效的收敛速度;采用信息分享策略以保证种群的多样性;在位置的更新过程中加入扰动项,从而避免算法陷入局部最优解.用改进型粒子群算法对IEEE-14节点标准测试系统进行无功优化计算,实验结果表明:与其他算法相比,该改进粒子群算法具有较强的全局寻优能力,且收敛速度快,鲁棒性好,能有效地解决电力系统无功优化问题.     

基于分数阶达尔文粒子群FODPSO算法的图像分割

图像分割主要用于提取用户感兴趣的目标,是图像分类和识别的基础。采用一种基于分数阶达尔文粒子群算法的图像分割方法,该算法采用分数阶微积分控制系统收敛性,能够对n尺度图像进行n-1个阈值寻优计算。实验结果表明,对比于APSO、CFPSO算法,该算法具有收敛速度快、稳定性强、精度高、全局寻优等特点,有效地克服了传统算法易陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢等缺陷,可满足实际工程需求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。