Design of adaptive deblocking filter for H.264/AVC decoder SOC

In this article, a design for the adaptive deblocking filter is proposed. To understand the real-time performance, a FILTER unit that can process eight pixels beside an edge simultaneously is applied in this design to increase filtering efficiency, and local memory is used to store all temporary data generated by the FILTER to reduce access to system bus. The filter makes every 4×4 sample block pipelined through the process units and achieves an efficiency of 80% for both the FILTER unit and the bus access unit. It can fulfill filtering process for a crystallographic information file (CIF, 352×288) format picture in 95 k clock cycles. The proposed design is part of a H.264/AVC decoder system-on-chip (SOC), which is fabricated in 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The filter module consists of 60 k gates and 25.7 kb static random access memory (SRAM) and it can filter a macro-block in 240 clock cycles.     

An in-place architecture for the deblocking filter in H.264/AVC

This brief presents an in-place computing design for the deblocking filter used in H.264/AVC video coding standard. The proposed in-placed computing flow reuses intermediate data as soon as data is available. Thus, the intermediate data storage is reduced to only the four 4 /spl times/ 4 blocks instead of whole 16 /spl times/ 16 macroblock. The resulting design can achieve 100 MHz with only 13.41K gate count and support real-time deblocking operation of 2K /spl times/ 1K@30 Hz video application when clocked at 73.73 MHz by using 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.     

Lamb-wave device with three operation modes

A new type of Lamb-wave device with three operation modes is proposed and demonstrated. The transducers in the device consist of three electrode groups. One of the two combinations of the two interdigital electrode groups and the earth electrode is for a reference signal, whereas another combination is used to feed three kinds of input signal. This device has an efficient performance in three operation modes.     

微屏蔽三线对称结构带通滤波器设计

对薄膜支撑空腔型微屏蔽传输线进行分析,提出微屏蔽传输线的物理结构。为了验证微屏蔽传输线在毫米波应用的优势,利用类比平行耦合微带线滤波器的方法设计了一种4阶切比雪夫三线对称结构微屏蔽线滤波器。通过对该微屏蔽腔体结构进行HFSS仿真,得到中心频率35 GHz的宽带滤波器,带宽15 GHz,带内插损小于0.5 dB,带外抑制>40 dB@53 GHz,器件尺寸8.24 mm×1.5 mm×0.65 mm。该设计为基于平面传输线的滤波器在毫米波频段的实现提供了一种可行的方法。     

An efficient architecture of deblocking filter with high frame rate for H.264/AVC

In this paper, we propose an efficient hardware architecture of the deblocking filter for H.264/JVT/AVC. Earlier designs have demerit of long processing time, since the reading, writing and filtering operations have been processed in each cycles. This paper proposes a new architecture that enables filtering of vertical edge concurrent with data loading as well as filtering of horizontal edge concurrent with writing to the external memory. The experimental result shows that the necessary cycle for filtering can be reduced by 38% in comparison with the conventional method and the new architecture has advantage in power consumption.     

On a two-dissimilar-unit system with three modes and random check

This paper considers a two-dissimilar-unit series system with three modes (normal, partial failure and total failure) of each unit under the assumption that the system is checked at a random time to make sure that it is in normal or partial failure. By using probability analysis and the supplementary variable method, some reliability indices are derived.     

Analysis of a two-unit cold standby system with three modes

This paper analyses a two-unit cold standby system under the assumption that each unit works in three different modes—normal, partial failure and total failure. Failure time distributions of units are exponential, whereas repair time distributions are arbitrary. Breakdown of the system occurs when both the units are in total failure mode. Several reliability characteristics of interest to system designers as well as operations managers have been evaluated.     

Stochastic behaviour of a standby redundant system with three modes

This paper discusses the stochastic behaviour of a two-unit cold standby redundant system in which each unit works in three different modes-normal, partial failure and total failure. Failure-time distributions of units are exponential, whereas repair-time distributions are arbitrary. Explicit expressions for the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the distribution function of the first passage time, mean time to system failure and steady state availability of the system are obtained. A few particular cases are discussed.     

Analysis of a two-unit hot standby system with three modes

This paper discusses the stochastic behaviour of a two-unit hot standby redundant system having exponential failure and a single repair facility with general repair time distribution. Each unit of the system has three possible states—normal, partial failure and total failure. Breakdown of the system occurs when both the units are in total failure mode. Several reliability characteristics of interest to system designers as well as operations managers have been evaluated.     

An algorithm to separate nonstationary part of a signal usingmid-prediction filter

In the autoregressive model, both end-prediction (prediction using the past N values) and mid-prediction (prediction using N/2 past and N/2 future values) filters may be used. If the nonstationary part consists of random impulsive waves of low occurrence rate, it may be separated as an error signal corrupted with “carried over” errors. The latter is removed using the signal-inversion technique. Impulses with slowly rising and falling edges are sometimes recovered better by the mid-prediction filter because it provides higher gain at low frequencies     

On a two-dissimilar-unit standby system with three modes and administrative delay in repair

This paper considers a two-dissimilar-unit cold standby redundant system with three modes of each unit under the assumption that there is an administrative delay in getting the repair man at the system location. The system is analyzed by the semi-Markov process technique, assuming that the failure time, repair time and administrative time distributions are general and arbitrary. Some reliability measures of interest to system designers as well as operations managers have been obtained. Further, special cases of the results of this paper coincide with earlier results obtained by Pandey and by Gupta.     

Universal capacitor-grounded voltage-mode filter with three inputs and a single output

For the first time, a universal voltage-mode filter with three inputs and a single output has been realized by employing two 'grounded' capacitors in addition to two active current conveyors and two resistors. The proposed circuit offers the following advantageous features: simultaneous realization of voltage-mode low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filter responses from the same configuration; no requirement of critical component matching conditions; no requirement of inverting-type voltage input signal; employment of two grounded capacitors ideal for integration; and low active and passive sensitivity performance. H-SPICE simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Stochastic analysis of a deteriorating standby system with three modes and inspection

A two-unit (identical) deteriorating standby system is analysed. Each unit can be in one of the three modes—normal, partial failure and total failure. A unit can fail totally but not partially during its standby state. Standby is inspected at random epochs. Using regenerative point technique in Markovrenewal process theory, several reliability characteristics of interest to system designers and operation managers are obtained.     

Some characteristics of a two-dissimilar-unit cold standby redundant system with three modes

This paper deals with the stochastic behaviour of a two-dissimilar-unit cold standby redundant system in which each unit works in three different modes—normal, partial failure and total failure. It is assumed that the failure and repair times are stochastically independent random variables each having an arbitrary distribution. The system is analysed by the semi-Markov process technique. Some reliability measures of interest to system designers as well as operations managers have been obtained. Explicit expressions for the Laplace-Stiektjes transforms of the distribution function of the first passage time, mean time to system failure, pointwise availability and steady state availability of the system are obtained. Certain important results have been derived as particular cases.     

A compact size coupling controllable filter with separate electric and magnetic coupling paths

This paper presents the characteristics of a miniaturized microstrip filter, which has two separate coupling paths: electric coupling path and magnetic coupling path between two resonators. Either magnetic coupling or electric coupling in two paths can be dominant in the total coupling coefficient of the inter-stage resonators with the similar configuration, but different positions of transmission zero points (ZPs). Based on the proposed filter topology, second- and fourth-order filters have been designed and fabricated for the first time. Advantages of using this type of filter are not only its low insertion loss and much more compact size, but also its controllable transmission ZPs.     

Universal filter with three inputs using CCII+

A voltage-mode universal filter with three inputs and one output using only plus-type current conveyors (CCII+) is presented. This circuit uses three CCII+s, three resistors and a minimum number of capacitors. It has low sensitivity, low output impedance and low component spread. The use of only CCII+s simplifies the configuration     

Variable-length lapped transforms with a combination of multiple synthesis filter banks for image coding.

A class of lapped transforms for image coding, which are characterized by variable-length synthesis filters, is introduced. In this class, the synthesis filter bank (FB) is first defined with an arbitrary combination of finite impulse response synthesis filters of perfect reconstruction FBs. An analysis FB is then obtained using direct matrix inversion or iterative implementation of Neumann series expansion. Moreover, to improve compression, we introduce a unitary transform that follows the analysis FB. This class enables a greater freedom of design than previously presented variable-length lapped transforms. We illustrate several design examples and present experimental results for image coding, which indicate that the proposed transforms are promising and comparable with conventional subband transforms including wavelets.     

Synthesis filter bank optimization in two-dimensional separablesubband coding systems

Subband coding is a popular and well established technique used in visual communications, such as image and video transmission. In the absence of quantization and transmission errors, the analysis and synthesis filters in a subband coding scheme can be designed to obtain perfect reconstruction of the input signal, but this is no longer the optimal solution in the presence of quantization of the subband coefficients. We presuppose the use of a two-dimensional (2-D) separable subband scheme and we address the problem of designing, for a given analysis filter bank and assuming uniform quantization of the subband coefficients, the set of row and column synthesis filters that minimize the mean squared reconstruction error at the output of the subband system. Since the corresponding optimization problem is inherently nonlinear, we propose a suboptimal solution that extends a one-dimensional (l-D) optimal filter design procedure, already presented in the literature, to a 2-D separable synthesis filter bank. The separable 2-D extension is not trivial, since the processing in one direction, e.g., the rows, alters the statistics of the signals for the design of the filters in the other direction, e.g., the columns. To further simplify the filter design, we propose to model the input image as a 2-D separable Markov process plus an additive white component. Several design examples using both synthetic signals and real world images are presented, showing that the filters designed using the proposed technique can give a significant gain with respect to the perfect reconstruction solution, especially when the dither technique is used for quantization. The simulation results also show that the proposed image model can be conveniently used in the synthesis filter design procedure.     

一种带有Trimming电路的Gm-C带通滤波器的设计

针对红外接收芯片中带通滤波器的功能要求,在G_m-C二阶带通滤波器架构的基础上,设计了引入非平衡差分对的跨导运算放大器、驱动外部负载的缓冲器、修调电路以及外部中心频率调整电路。该G_m-C二阶带通滤波器的中心频率、通带增益、带宽均正交可调。电路采用0.25μm标准CMOS工艺设计,然后使用Hspice软件对整体电路进行了仿真验证。仿真结果显示:该带通滤波器的中心频率为36.3 kHz,带通增益为23.2 dB,带宽为5.8 kHz,品质因数为5.3。该电路结构简单、容易集成,可广泛应用于红外遥控接收系统中。     

H.264编码环中的去块效应滤波系统

介绍了H.264的编解码模型系统中的去块效应滤波系统，分析了该系统原理及其相对于以往去块效应滤波系统的改进。并通过仿真实验验证了该系统在提高图像质量和降低视频流码率上的较好作用。