云制造环境下基于双层规划的资源优化配置模型

为了解决云制造环境下制造资源的优化配置问题,综合考虑需求与服务双方以及云平台运营方的利益,提出了一种基于双层规划的资源优化配置模型。该模型以前景理论结合多约束多属性评价体系求解出的供需双方满意度作为上层规划的优化目标;以云平台资源利用率最大化为下层规划的优化目标;通过双层规划并采用改进的i-NSGA-II-JG算法对多目标制造资源配置问题进行求解。最后,通过算例仿真实验证明了该模型的可行性和优越性。     

基于综合模糊相似度的云制造需求—服务双向匹配

为解决云制造环境下的服务选择问题,提高服务和需求的匹配精度及供需双方的满意度,提出基于综合模糊相似度的云制造服务双向匹配模型。针对服务方和需求方各自的描述信息,结合功能和非功能要求,将供需双方的描述信息进行基于匹配机制的双向多属性匹配。考虑匹配的稳定性,综合运用模糊概念语义相似度算法、直觉模糊集算法及相合系数法分别进行多属性信息的相似度求解。再利用综合加权法进行综合模糊相似度计算,得到最佳匹配结果。实例分析和对比研究验证了该匹配模型可行有效,能准确地为用户选择双方都满意的服务。     

基于自适应粒子群算法的制造云服务组合研究

针对云制造系统中制造云服务组合的多目标规划问题,研究建立了问题模型并提出了求解方法。首先引入了网格制造模式的制造资源服务组合技术,探讨并描述了云制造模式中基于服务质量（QoS）的制造云服务组合过程;接着通过分析云制造模式下制造云服务的特征并基于制造领域知识,研究定义了制造云服务的八维QoS评估标准及计算表达式,推导出制造组合云服务的QoS表达,进而建立了制造云服务组合的多目标规划问题模型。最终设计了自适应粒子群算法来解决该多目标规划问题。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效并高效地解决该问题,且求解效率优于传统粒子群算法。     

基于遗传算法的云服务商伙伴选择问题研究

针对目前云计算市场如何选择合适的云服务商来组成动态联盟,以便更快更有效地满足终端客户的需求,实现云服务资源的优化配置.运用灰色关联综合评价模型确定云服务市场的优化指标,运用多目标优化模型定量分析和研究了云服务商的伙伴选择问题,选取在云计算市场提供计算服务、存储服务、软件服务的云服务商作为研究对象,提取成本、响应时间、服务质量作为研究优化指标;通过赋予相应的权重值,采用遗传算法对多目标规划化问题进行求解,寻找到符合各个云服务商利益的合作伙伴,最后通过算例证明该算法在解决最佳云服务商伙伴选择组合方面的合理性,验证了该模型及算法的有效性.     

云制造服务组合研究综述

随着工业化的飞速发展,制造业作为推动工业化的主力军必须加快发展步伐,因此,一种新的面向服务的制造模式——云制造被提出。云制造旨在在分布式制造资源和能力之间进行共享和协作并与需求构成一种按需的资源分配和使用方式,在选取最优性能服务的同时将这些服务组合成一个满足用户需求的复合服务需要不断进行探索。云制造服务组合是一种典型的NP-hard问题,是云制造最具有挑战性的课题之一。现阶段的云制造服务组合方法存在时间复杂度高、组合效果差、组合路径只能达到次优解等问题。如何利用微粒度的服务组合成复合服务以提升制造能力并满足用户需求已引起学术界和产业界研究人员的广泛关注,因此,对这种NP-hard问题的研究进行全面的综述是非常有必要的。文中首先对云制造服务组合中的组合流程和组合优化目标进行描述,然后从组合指标、优化算法和多目标与单目标优化问题等不同的角度对云制造服务组合中的重点和热点进行系统综述,最后对云制造服务组合的应用场景、实验数据和目前存在的不足进行概述和探讨。     

团购模式下云制造服务资源组合优化模型与算法

在云制造服务环境中,为了进一步降低需求者的服务成本,提出了一种团购模式下云制造服务资源组合优化模型与算法。在云制造平台发展的初期阶段,以服务需求者的视角分析云制造服务资源组合优化管理问题,通过团购模式研究了资源组合优化模型与算法,模型中考虑团购定价、团购信任度等关键影响因素,对云制造资源组合优化进行综合决策;设计改进的遗传算法进行模型求解,进一步对团购模式下云制造服务资源组合模型进行仿真分析。通过不同规模问题的仿真实验验证了模型与算法的有效性和可行性,仿真结果表明,在团购规模逐渐增大的情况下,团购模式比个体模式更具有成本优势。     

基于改进北极熊算法的制造云服务组合优化

为了提高云制造环境下制造服务组合优化的效率,提出了一种基于改进北极熊算法的制造云服务组合优化方法。该方法对制造服务进行实数编码,并以服务功能和服务质量为评价指标,使用改进的北极熊算法对制造云服务组合优化问题进行求解,得到最优的服务组合方案。同时通过引入动态视野,对算法的局部搜索进行调整,并与遗传算法中的变异策略相结合,以提高求解多目标问题的效率,同时降低因初始参数影响而导致算法陷入局部最优的可能。算例分析表明,改进的北极熊算法在求解制造云服务组合优化问题上比原始北极熊算法、标准遗传算法、改进的灰狼优化算法和改进的粒子群优化算法具有更高的效率。     

基于业务流程的制造云服务组合模型

为了提高云制造系统中制造云服务的组合成功率,实现组合云服务与用户业务需求的准确匹配,在对制造云服务、流程节点任务、云服务的可组合性和流程匹配进行形式化描述的基础上,提出一种基于业务流程的制造云服务组合模型。该模型由业务流程引擎、业务流程、选择逻辑、评估逻辑、监控逻辑、知识库和原子云服务集构成,在功能匹配的基础上,对候选服务的可组合性进行检查,结合负载、服务质量(QoS)和业务流程信息,选择合适的云服务,并将其挂接在业务流程上实现制造云服务的组合。对制造云服务的组合流程进行了详细描述,并给出云服务组合的实现方法。实例分析表明,该模型能够有效地选择满足业务需求的云服务实体并进行组合,从而提高制造云服务的组合成功率,保障用户制造活动的顺利进行。     

竞合关系下共享制造模式选择与决策优化

随着共享制造的迅速发展,其服务模式逐渐丰富,衍生出共享生产设备和生产线的制造能力共享模式以及共享产品设计和研发能力的创新能力共享模式.共享制造供需双方通常属于同一垂直行业,因此,广泛地存在竞合关系.在竞合关系下如何进行共享制造模式选择与决策优化,进而提高参与主体利润是亟待解决的重要问题.鉴于此,针对竞合关系下共享制造模式选择与决策优化问题,首先,分别在两种共享模式下构建由供给方和需求方组成的博弈模型;然后,通过分析不同模式下供给方和需求方的均衡利润,给出供需双方的最优模式选择策略;最后,通过分析最优模式选择策略,给出在何种情形下共享制造模式是双赢模式.结果表明:最优模式选择主要由市场潜在需求规模和核心零部件占比决定,二者在不同情形下应选择不同的共享制造模式;当且仅当市场潜在需求规模中等且核心零部件占比中等时,共享制造模式是供需双方的双赢模式.研究结论可为竞合关系下共享制造模式选择与决策优化提供有益管理启示.     

考虑执行可靠性的云制造服务组合算法

由于制造资源的调用与执行比计算资源要复杂得多,使得在云制造环境下的服务组合执行可靠性成为必须考虑的问题.为此,提出一种基于离散粒子群智能优化的、考虑执行可靠性的云制造服务组合算法.以概率密度函数描述服务可靠性,基于服务模型库动态生成云制造服务组合的工作流模型,基于语义实现服务匹配,通过离散变量粒子群优化算法计算出执行可靠性最优的云制造服务组合方案.最后以结构设计工作流模型为例,在不同服务实例规模、不同恶意服务占比情况下验证了其有效性和可靠性.实例结果表明,在恶意服务占比较高时,该算法仍能保持较高的服务执行可靠性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。