基于Android移动设备的增强现实技术研究

针对移动设备弱处理能力和低内存等局限性,导致增强现实技术不能在移动设备上普及,提出一种新的增强现实技术方案。采用SURF算法提取视频帧图像的特征点,接着使用FREAK算法进行特征点描述;在汉明距离强制匹配之后,采用改进的RANSAC算法剔除了误匹配点,然后通过计算比较匹配特征点占样本图像特征点的比重,判断是否成功匹配目标物体;最后渲染对应的三维模型完成增强现实三维注册。通过在Android移动设备上的验证,结果表明该技术方案满足移动设备对实时性、准确性和鲁棒性的要求,为移动增强现实的推广奠定了良好的基础。     

MEEM跟踪和改进ORB特征检测的三维注册方法

针对增强现实系统三维注册在线跟踪模型漂移问题,以及特征检测算法耗时问题导致的注册失败。提出一种基于MEEM跟踪和改进ORB特征检测的三维注册方法。通过MEEM算法对移动对象区域跟踪。对跟踪的目标位置采用ORB算法检测特征点时,采用多尺度空间理论提取稳定特征点,并且采用改进决策树的递归调整方式,同时对特征检测参数设置。利用相邻帧之间特征点的匹配关系求得三维注册矩阵;将跟踪数据集与OpenGL生成的立方体模型进行跟踪注册仿真实验。仿真结果表明,改进ORB特征检测算法对待注册区域的检测具有尺度不变性、更高稳定性以及特征分布均匀,误差相比ORB算法降低约42%,该注册方法在运行过程中基本能够保证误差在7 mm以内;使得AR系统具有较好的实时性、精确性和鲁棒性。     

基于ORB和KLT的移动增强现实三维注册算法

针对移动设备上现有注册算法速度较慢和实时性较弱的问题,提出一种基于ORB和KLT的移动增强现实三维注册算法,利用ORB进行特征提取和匹配,减少算法时间开销,同时使用改进的KLT算法对特征位置进行预测跟踪,改善移动三维注册算法中的实时性能。实验结果表明,在移动设备上采用ORB和KLT算法,不仅较好地解决移动增强现实三维注册实时性差的问题,同时也能保证有效的匹配性能。     

基于SURF与光流法的增强现实跟踪注册

提出一种基于SURF与光流法相结合的增强现实局部跟踪注册方法。采用光流法对移动对象区域进行跟踪,利用SURF算法仿射、尺度不变性及运算速度快的优点对该区域进行特征提取与匹配,利用相邻帧之间特征点的匹配关系求得三维注册矩阵,在保持注册精确性的同时降低了系统运算时间。实验结果表明该方法达到了实时跟踪与准确注册的效果,并且在环境变化时保持了较好的鲁棒性。     

基于改进随机蕨的跟踪注册方法研究

针对无标识增强现实跟踪注册方法在复杂环境下存在跟踪注册失败、速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于改进随机蕨的无标识增强现实跟踪注册方法。该方法以真实场景中的目标物体图像作为模板,使用随机蕨分类器进行目标检测,解决环境光照变化或目标被遮挡跟踪注册失败的问题。使用FAST角点进行特征检测提升检测速度,对随机蕨的仿射过程进行改进来弥补特征点尺度不变性和仿射不变性缺失。通过该分类器进行特征匹配,进而估计三维位姿并渲染注册虚拟物体。实验结果证明,该方法具有较好的准确性、实时性和鲁棒性。     

基于快速视网膜关键点算法改进的图像匹配方法

传统的仿射尺度不变特征（ASIFT）算法通过模拟仿射变化图像实现完全仿射不变性,但是由于尺度不变特征（SIFT）算法本身的低效造成ASIFT的过程非常耗时,为了实现更为高效的图像匹配,引入快速视网膜关键点（FREAK）算法到ASIFT仿射模型中,并基于Lanczos-4插值进行改进。在匹配过程中基于HAMMING距离实现暴力匹配,并结合随机样本一致性（RANSAC）算法改进对匹配点对的提纯,得到了新的AFREAK算法。该算法既能实现完全仿射不变性,又能实现低耗时和低内存占用。实验结果表明,提出的AFREAK算法处理速度上快于ASIFT近2~3倍,并且可以得到与之相似的匹配效果。     

一种基于视沉的增强现实三维注册算法

为了提高增强现实系统三维注册的精度和效率，提出了一种基于计算机视觉的增强现实三维注射算法，并已将其用于采用透射式头盔显示器的增强现实系统中，该算法有如下特点：（1）构架简单，实用性强，一般情况下只需4个平面标志物就可实现三维注册；（2）工作范围大，甚至可以应用到室外的增强现实系统中；（30数值求解过程最线性过程，误差小，可以满足增强现实系统高精度三维注册的要求，另外，应用这种算法所需要作的图象处理计算量很小，其典型系统包括一个彩色CCD和几个不同颜色的标志点，由于很容易获得标志点的对应像面位置，而且不需要计算图象对，因此实时性好，是一般图形工作站和PC机上的增强现实系统进行实时注册的算法基础。     

智能手机增强现实关键技术研究

将增强现实技术应用到智能手机上,实现增强现实系统的小型化和便携化,会大大拓展和深化增强现实系统应用的广度和深度。当前对于智能手机增强现实技术的研究,一般采用基于计算机视觉（即视频检测）的注册方式。首次提出了在智能手机上采用GPS/三维电子罗盘的注册方法,研究微型三维电子罗盘与智能手机的软、硬件接口,从底层开发并实现具有增强现实功能的软件模块,建立基于智能手机的空间信息三维可视化模型算法,并以三维管线为例进行实证研究,结果表明基于空间信息的智能手机增强现实构建的技术路线是可行的。     

基于FREAK描述子的精确图像配准改进算法

快速视网膜特征（FREAK）描述子通过计算模式方向实现了旋转不变性,但对于旋转尺度变化较大的情况匹配性能并不理想,误匹配率较高,为此提出了一种改进的基于FREAK描述子的精确图像配准算法。首先,对原有FREAK算法添加长距离点对,设定距离阈值,只利用关键点采样模式中距离较远的点来生成角度信息。其次,对Hamming距离进行加权。对每一个关键点,在为了生成描述子选择点对时,对训练数据描述子的每一列计算均值,越接近0.5的列权值越大,改进了原来Hamming距离计算粗略的状态,使距离计算更精确。最后,使用最近邻匹配结合最近邻和次近邻的比值以及随机抽样一致（RANSAC）方法进行快速匹配和优化。实验结果表明,改进算法更适用于旋转尺度变化较大的环境及匹配性能要求较高的场合。     

移动增强现实中视觉三维注册方法的实现

为了提高移动增强现实注册技术的性能,采用了一种基于计算机视觉的注册算法。该方法利用ARToolkit中的标识检测法查找相关的标识和特征点,然后基于视觉三维注册算法得到模型视图矩阵,最后在相应位置绘制虚拟物体。实验结果表明这种注册方法在实时性、稳定性、抗遮挡性方面效果良好,满足移动增强现实系统高精度三维注册的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.