Generalized Liquid Molar Volume at the Normal Boiling Point Correlation

A generalized liquid molar volume at the normal boiling point correlation has been developed. The correlation is based on experimental molar volume data. The characterization properties for estimation are critical volume, boiling point, critical temperature, and acentric factor. Detailed analysis shows that the proposed correlation fits the data from 28 experimental measurements of liquid molar volume, with an overall absolute error of 2.1%.     

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF HEAVY TBP-FRACTIONS (455°C+) OF ARABIAN CRUDE OILS

A generalized kinematic viscosity-temperature correlation for undefined liquid heavy petroleum fractions has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperature from 100°C to 200°C. The correlation is based on the experimental kinematic viscosity data of true boiling point fractions of four Arabian crude oils. The characterization property required for estimation is 50% boiling point. The proposed correlation fits the experimental data with an overall absolute error of 6.1%. Experimental measurements of kinematic viscosity of heavy true boiling point fractions of Arabian crude oils were also obtained in order to develop the proposed correlation.     

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF HEAVY TBP-FRACTIONS (455°C+) OF ARABIAN CRUDE OILS

ABSTRACT

A generalized kinematic viscosity-temperature correlation for undefined liquid heavy petroleum fractions has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperature from 100°C to 200°C. The correlation is based on the experimental kinematic viscosity data of true boiling point fractions of four Arabian crude oils. The characterization property required for estimation is 50% boiling point. The proposed correlation fits the experimental data with an overall absolute error of 6.1%. Experimental measurements of kinematic viscosity of heavy true boiling point fractions of Arabian crude oils were also obtained in order to develop the proposed correlation.     

Studies on Volatile Characteristics of Middle Distillates and Their Interdependency

Abstract

Standard test methods such as those published in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)/Institute of Petroleum/Universal Oil Product are often used to characterize the fuel's properties. However, these chemical/physical characterization methods are not only expensive and protracted but also require a large quantity of samples. Every flammable liquid has vapor pressure, which is a function of its boiling point. The distillation and flash point are volatility-dependent characteristics; therefore, these properties are temperature dependent. Most researchers have derived the correlation of flash point with boiling point and vapor pressure for pure organic compounds. The present study proposes a user-friendly empirical model with a correlation technique to predict flash point using ASTM distillation data of middle distillates. In this study, 47 middle distillate samples were taken to predict the flash point with 5 and 10% volume recovery temperature of ASTM D-86 and volume average boiling point (VABP) separately. It was observed that the most appropriate prediction of flash point was with 5% recovery temperature of ASTM D-86 with an R² 0.997. This correlation model was compared with different models and found to be comparatively better and user friendly.     

Estimation of Critical Temperature

In this paper a new correlation for critical temperature as a function of boiling point and molecular weight is presented for many organic and inorganic compounds. As a result, this technique is considered to be useful for the predication of critical temperature. The agreement of correlation and data is quite acceptable in comparison with Nokay's equation and other contribution methods, as well as this new equation is acceptable for organic and inorganic compounds.     

催化裂化原料特性因子的计算

根据诺谟图,在已知原料完整馏程数据的条件下关联出平均沸点计算式,并关联出原料密度与温度的关系式,据此可以计算特性因子。依据原料的密度和10%馏出体积时的温度数据,建立了原料立方平均沸点的关联式,可以在催化裂化装置原料日常分析数据基础上进行特性因子计算,该关联式的计算结果与实际值的相对误差小于4%,具有良好的模拟精度。     

影响烷基芳烃蒸发损失的结构因素探索

针对蒸发损失这一质量指标对润滑油基础油(简称基础油)使用性能的重要性以及现有测试方法存在的不足，考虑到基础油蒸发损失与低压沸点之间存在密切关系，收集整理了106种烷基芳烃基础油的结构和其在1333.22Pa压力下的沸点数据，采用分子模拟方法计算得到了这些不同结构烷基芳烃分子的前线轨道能量和电荷分布等反映分子微观结构特征的参数，并计算了各分子不同类型的拓扑指数。采用遗传函数算法(GFA)对这些烷基芳烃在1333.22Pa压力下的沸点与其结构参数之间的关系进行了回归分析，建立了物理意义明确的烷基芳烃沸点与其结构参数之间的定量关系方程。方程相关系数的平方为0.978，交叉检验相关系数的平方为0.962，具有较高的可靠性和预测能力。该方程表明烷基芳烃的前线轨道能隙（LUMO-HOMO）、分子极化率和回转半径是影响其在1333.22Pa压力下的沸点高低的主要结构因素。烷基芳烃前线轨道能隙越窄，极化率越高，分子回转半径越大，则其在1333.22Pa压力下的沸点越高，导致其蒸发难度越大，蒸发损失越低。依据这3个结构参数，利用构建的定量关系方程，能够对烷基苯、烷基萘等芳烃在1333.22Pa压力下的沸点高低进行较为准确地预测，对于设计与优化蒸发损失较低的烷基芳烃基础油结构组成具有一定的指导意义。     

基于遗传算法的原油实沸点收率非线性建模

原油实沸点收率是石油炼制企业安排石油加工方案与进行现场温度、压力等控制的重要依据,其详细的细分数据与高温段数据难以获得。笔者设计了一种具有非线性逼近能力的人工神经网络模型,以遗传算法进行该模型参数的组合优化对原油实沸点收率与温度间非线性建模,用该模型来指导工业生产取得了良好的效果。     

Prediction of Reid Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Fuels

A new correlation is developed for predicting the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of gasoline and naphtha based on a true vapor pressure (TVP) correlation. The input parameters for this correlation are the mid-boiling point, specific gravity, critical temperature, and critical pressure, where the critical properties may be estimated from the boiling point and specific gravity using available methods. The proposed correlation is evaluated with data collected on 50 gasoline samples from crude oils from around the world with API gravity ranges from 41 to 87, average boiling point ranges from 316 to 494 K and RVP of 0.007 to 1.15 bars (0.1-17 psia). The average error from the proposed correlation is about 0.06 bar (0.88 psia). Two other simple methods for prediction of RVP available in the literature have been evaluated with the same data bank and compared with the proposed method.     

New empirical correlation for estimation of vaporization enthalpy of algerian saharan blend petroleum fractions

A Real-coded Genetic Algorithm has been used to develop a new correlation to estimate the enthalpy of vaporization for pure compounds and petroleum fractions as a function of the normal boiling point and specific gravity. In developing the correlation 80% of the data was used and the remaining are used for validation. The results of the proposed correlations are compared to others in literature. The comparison indicates that the proposed model is simple to use and more accurate than the most common correlations for predicting the enthalpy of vaporization of pure compounds and petroleum fractions.     

实沸点蒸馏对2种高酸原油腐蚀性的影响及表征

高酸原油经实沸点蒸馏后酸值会发生较大程度的损失,哪些类型的石油酸发生了损失及高酸原油腐蚀性是否同等降低却不得而知。针对这一问题,对2种典型高酸原油实沸点蒸馏前后的酸值和腐蚀性进行了考察,并对蒸馏前后高酸原油中的石油酸进行了质谱表征。结果表明：2种高酸原油实沸点蒸馏后液相腐蚀速率减小,而气相腐蚀速率明显增大,说明大分子石油酸分解成了沸点较低的小分子石油酸;2种高酸原油的气、液总腐蚀速率降低都远小于酸值的损失,说明分解生成的小分子石油酸的腐蚀性更强;2种高酸原油实沸点蒸馏前后石油酸的类型变化不大,但碳数分布变化明显,碳数越高的大分子石油酸分解越多。高酸原油的腐蚀性与酸值并非线性关系,石油酸的类型即脂肪酸和一环环烷酸含量可能是影响高酸原油腐蚀性的重要因素。     

UPGRADING OF COAL-DERIVFD LIQUIDS. 2. CHARACTERIZATION OF UPGRADED LIQUIDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DISTILLATION

Gas chromatographic distillation (GCD) based ors ASTM 02887 has been applied to characterizing the boiling range distribution of upgraded coal-derived liquids. It has beer demonstrated that the GCD method based on ASTM D2887 can be used as a substitute for ASTM D2892. A variety of coal-derived liquids can be characterized and the procedure may be effective for estimating the degree of conversion as a means of screening for hydroconversion catalysts.     

四种油溶性离子液体复合锂基润滑脂理化性能和摩擦学性能

合成4种不同结构的油溶性离子液体(N/P协同(a)、N/S协同(b)、P/P协同(c)、P/S协同(d))并按比例分别溶解在PAO10中作为基础油添加剂,制备4种新型油溶性离子液体润滑脂GA、GB、GC和GD.系统研究了油溶性离子液体分子结构差异,对所制润滑脂的热稳定性、滴点、锥入度以及摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:以P...     

高沸点HZY4机动车辆制动液的研制

以三乙二醇甲醚硼酸酯、三乙二醇丁醚硼酸酯、三乙二醇丁醚为原料,选择BA-T型防腐防锈复合剂以及二乙醇胺作为pH值调节剂制备了一种高沸点型HZY4制动液.测试结果表明:该制动液平衡回流沸点为281℃,湿平衡回流沸点为196℃,p H值为7.5,其他指标均符合GB 12981—2012《机动车辆制动液》各项指标要求.     

GC/MS测定VGO馏分烃类组成及沸点分布研究

建立了GC/MS测定VGO馏分烃类组成沸点分布的新方法。该方法采用固相萃取技术分离出饱和烃和芳烃馏分，然后用双柱分流的方式，同时进入质谱和FID检测器，得到样品的色谱图和总离子流色谱图。通过自行编制的数据处理程序，得到VGO样品烃类组成沸点分布，所得结果与标准方法测定结果接近，该方法具有很好的准确性。     

利用状态方程计算石油馏分相平衡的连续热力学方法

对石油馏分的相平衡计算，传统的方法是采用虚拟组分，利用状态方程进行求解。针对石油馏分组成复杂，沸点互相重叠交叉严重的特点，提出了直接利用馏分实沸点蒸馏曲线作为分布函数进行混合物相平衡计算的连续热力学方法。     

重整分馏塔的操作对精制油初馏点的影响分析

分馏塔作为重整预处理部分的最后单元,其工作温度、压力、进料量及进料温度、回流量及回流温度都可能对精制油的初馏点造成重要影响,而这些因素对初馏点的影响程度的评估是优化操作的首要条件。分析了分馏塔的操作参数对初馏点的影响,以便得到优化操作方法。     

Development of correlation for extension of the true boiling point (TBP) and molar mass

The true boiling point curve (TBP) is an important tool for the petroleum industry; it is used to obtain the behavior of petroleum during distillation. This work developed a correlation for the extension of the TBP curve by means of molecular distillation. TBP curve is well established for a temperature of 565°C in a conventional distillation. With the correlation developed, it is possible to reach values near 1,000°C. A second correlation was also developed for predicting the values of molar mass of waste petroleum. Both correlations demonstrated to be valid and represent a great advancement for the petroleum industry.     

A New Group Contribution Method for Estimating Boiling Point of Heavy Oil

The boiling point of feedstock is an important process design parameter for petroleum system. In heavy petroleum fractions that boil above 524°C, it is difficult to explicitly determine the boiling point due to limitation of analytical capability. In this article, a modified Cordes-Rarey group contribution method for estimating boiling point of heavy oil was developed on the basis of structure parameters of oil fractions. Narrow fractions of heavy oil were prepared by using the supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF). The average boiling points of light SFEF fractions were measured up to 680°C. Elemental analyses and the ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectra of the SFEF fractions were obtained to determine structure parameters and construct average molecules of SFEF fractions. The results show that the boiling point was correlated with total atom number (except hydrogen) of SFEF fraction. The predicted boiling points for more than 60 SFEF fractions at 320-680°C derived from an Eastern Siberia crude and its blend with Daqing crude agree well with measured values within 2.04%. The predicted boiling points of normal alkanes and polycyclic aromatics are in agreement with literature data. It is suggested that the proposed group contribution method, in combination with the characterization data of SFEF fractions, can be used to estimate the average boiling points of heavy oil fractions up to 800°C.     

凝析气中痕量重烃组分对稳定轻烃终馏点的影响分析

终馏点是稳定轻烃的质量指标之一,主要用于控制产品中重烃组分的含量。若稳定轻烃中的重烃组分含量高将导致终馏点温度偏高,过高就会影响产品质量。由于凝析气中常常富含重烃组分,若不能有效控制将产生稳定轻烃终馏点超标问题。分析了凝析气中重烃组分对稳定轻烃终馏点的影响,确定了稳定轻烃产品中重烃组分的来源及终馏点超标的原因,并提出了解决这一问题的建议措施。