CVD沉积工艺对SiC涂层结晶度与耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)SiC涂层来提高SiC_f/SiC复合材料的耐腐蚀性能,本文以CH_3SiCl_3(MTS)为源气体,在反应烧结SiC基体上制备SiC涂层,控制沉积温度、炉压及H_2/MTS摩尔比等工艺参数,通过X射线衍射实验(XRD)得到不同工艺条件下生成的碳化硅涂层的物相组成和结晶度,通过高温水腐蚀实验检测涂层的耐腐蚀性,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀前后的表面形貌。结果表明:当沉积时间为8 h,沉积温度从1050℃到1250℃,β-SiC涂层表面平整性提高,沉积厚度由12.97μm急剧增加至71.10μm, SiC晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,最终呈金字塔状;碳化硅涂层腐蚀60 d后,表面呈现针状结构,1250℃下沉积的SiC涂层耐腐蚀性能较好;β-SiC涂层的晶粒尺寸随沉积炉压的增大而增大,结晶度随沉积炉压增大而减小,在200 Pa以下,获得的β-SiC晶粒的结晶度最高(81.08%)、晶粒尺寸最小(13.7 nm);随着H_2/MTS摩尔比增加,β-SiC晶粒结晶度迅速下降,当H_2/MTS=6.5时,结晶度最高(95.91%)。     

一种3D打印碳纤维增韧碳化硅陶铝复合材料及其制备方法

正本发明公开了一种3D打印碳纤维增韧碳化硅陶铝复合材料,由碳化硅颗粒、铝合金基体和镀镍短切碳纤维组成,其中碳化硅颗粒体积分数为50%～80%,铝合金基体体积分数为10%～49%,短切碳纤维体积分数为1%～10%;所述的碳化硅颗粒粒径为5～40μm;所述的镀镍短切碳纤维长度为0. 1～1 mm,镀镍层厚度为0. 5～3μm。此3D打印碳纤维增韧碳化硅陶铝     

微氧化对反应烧结碳化硅结构与性能的影响（英文）

以短切碳纤维为增强体,采用注浆成型和熔融硅渗透法制备了短纤维增强反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷,研究了微氧化对反应烧结碳化硅复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:1 100℃微氧化处理,使反应烧结碳化硅复合材料表面形成了致密氧化硅薄膜,表面游离硅升华,同时,短纤维体积明显增加。微氧化处理使二氧化硅薄膜晶化产生方石英相,且方石英相含量随短纤维含量的增加而减少。微氧化产生的氧化硅薄膜能弥合材料表面微缺陷,当短纤维体积分数为30%时,反应烧结碳化硅的断裂韧性增加到5.8 MPa·m~(0.5)。     

C/C复合材料抗氧化耐高温SiC陶瓷涂层的研究

采用高温反应法和PVD法在SiC工业合成炉内制备了C/C复合材料耐高温抗氧化SiC陶瓷涂层.用XRD、SEM对其物相组成和显微结构进行了表征与分析,讨论了涂层的形成机理,并研究了其高温氧化性能.研究结果表明,所制备的陶瓷涂层主要由α-SiCβ-SiC组成,晶粒发育完整,涂层表面致密、无裂纹,且与碳基体结合紧密,涂层厚度约600μm,涂层抗氧化性良好,在1500℃空气中氧化10h失重约为0.3%.     

硅气氛中PAN碳纤维原位生长碳化硅纳米纤维

1500℃下,采用热蒸发硅碎片的方法,在PAN碳纤维上原位生长碳化硅纳米纤维。讨论了碳化硅纳米纤维的气-固生长机理。X射线衍射图谱表明产物中同时存在碳纤维及βSiC相,通过场发射扫描电镜观察产物,发现碳纤维保持原貌,碳化硅纳米纤维为直线状且表面光滑,直径约为100nm,长度约为50μm。利用透射电镜研究了其形貌和微结构,选区电子衍射图表明该碳化硅纳米纤维为单晶。热蒸发法制备碳化硅纳米纤维有望在碳化硅/碳复合材料等领域得到应用。     

研磨制备纳米β-碳化硅晶粒

纳米β-碳化硅晶粒是由亚微米的β-碳化硅通过在添加有表面活性剂的水介质中，研磨12h制备的，研磨时铁球重量与β-碳化硅重量之比为12：1。     

惰性气氛下低氧碳化硅纤维结构和性能的演变

将低氧碳化硅纤维(KD-Ⅱ)在氩气中分别于1 400、1 600、1 800和2 000℃热处理1 h,对纤维强度和微观结构进行了测试和表征。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,KD-Ⅱ中β-SiC晶粒不断长大,孔隙逐渐增多,强度下降。经1 800℃热处理后纤维拉伸强度保持在1 GPa以上。纤维拉伸强度的下降主要是因为β-SiC晶粒的长大、SiC_xO_y相的分解和自由碳的增多。     

退火温度对Hi-Nicalon SiC 纤维微观结构及力学性能的影响

Hi-Nicalon碳化硅纤维是一种作为高温下应用的陶瓷基复合材料的增强体。研究温度对Hi-Nicalon碳化硅纤维微观结构及力学性能的影响对于Hi-Nicalon碳化硅纤维的改进和应用具有重要意义。在氩气流的保护下,Hi-Nicalon碳化硅纤维分别在1400,1600℃和1800℃保温10h进行了退火处理。然后利用高分辨透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析方法对其经不同温度退火处理后纤维的微观结构进行表征,并用电子单纤维强力机测定其拉伸强度。研究结果表明：随着退火温度的升高,β-SiC晶粒不断长大;堆垛层错不断形成：游离碳堆垛层数和长度都随之增加,排列也趋于规整。拉伸强度也随着退火温度的升高而降低,经1800℃保温10h退火处理后的纤维的平均强度下降到了1．0GPa。     

柔性受压电铸制备连续碳纤维增强镍基复合材料

采用柔性受压电铸技术在室温下制备了连续碳纤维增强镍基复合材料,阐述了制备的工艺过程。研究了所得复合材料的表面形貌、断口形貌、结晶取向以及抗拉强度。结果表明:柔性受压技术的辅助作用改变了镍的沉积过程,细化了镍晶粒,提高了碳纤维与镍基的结合性能,显著提升了复合材料的抗拉强度。当碳纤维的体积分数为35%时,连续碳纤维增强镍基复合材料的抗拉强度高达1 250 MPa。     

碳纤维表面处理对液体成型碳纤维增强MC尼龙复合材料力学性能的影响

本论文采用真空辅助树脂灌注成型工艺(VARI),通过己内酰胺原位阴离子聚合的方法制备了连续碳纤维增强浇铸(MC)尼龙的复合材料,并系统研究了丙酮去浆处理、气相氧化处理、偶联剂处理和火焰处理四种不同碳纤维织物表面处理方式的碳纤维表面的O/C比和微观形貌以及复合材料的力学性能、表面形貌和碳纤维体积分数。结果表明:对碳纤维表面进行偶联剂涂层处理,此碳纤维制备的复合材料的力学性能较其他处理方式的碳纤维制备的复合材料而言力学性能最优,其拉伸强度达到595.5 MPa,弯曲强度达到330.7 MPa,层间剪切强度达到30.6 MPa;此条件下碳纤维表面的O/C比达到44.51%,复合材料的碳纤维体积分数达到51.4%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。