Ni-20Cr-18W基高温合金热轧组织演变和力学性能

采用力学试验机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了热轧态固溶强化型Ni-20Cr-18W基变形高温合金的室温拉伸行为、微观组织演变及断口形貌,结合X射线衍射(XRD)确定了合金的相结构。结果表明,合金热轧态组织由再结晶后的细小等轴晶粒构成,晶粒尺寸为20~30μm,可达ASTM 7级,组织中可见大量退火孪晶,M6C型碳化物颗粒主要弥散分布在晶界上。热轧态合金由于组织细化使抗拉强度升高,断裂方式以穿晶断裂为主,碳化物颗粒成为导致拉伸断裂的裂纹源,使合金塑性下降。合金的室温拉伸断口呈韧性等轴韧窝,韧窝中心为M6C型碳化物颗粒。     

冷变形对0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢管拉伸性能的影响

研究了经冷拉拔预变形后0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢管的室温和320 ℃拉伸性能及其断口形貌特征。结果表明,随着冷变形加工率的增大,0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢管室温和320 ℃抗拉强度和屈服强度增大,断后伸长率减小;钢管320 ℃拉伸性能较室温有所下降,其中断后伸长率下降明显。拉伸断口观察表明不锈钢管室温和高温拉伸断口均呈韧性断口特点,320 ℃拉伸断口较室温断口韧窝密度降低,尺寸增大。     

Nb含量对Cr20Ni80合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)和电子探针分析(EPMA),研究了0、0.3%、0.5%和1%的Nb含量的Cr20Ni80电热合金的微观组织和成分,并用拉伸试验机和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了不同Nb含量的Cr20Ni80电热合金的拉伸性能、断口微观组织特征及其断裂机制。结果表明,添加Nb明显使Cr20Ni80合金组织等轴晶增多,细化了晶粒组织,且Nb富集于晶界。Cr20Ni80合金室温断口属于塑性断裂,室温抗拉强度与屈服强度随Nb含量的增加而提高,由不含Nb时的515 MPa和265 MPa增加为含1%Nb合金的572 MPa和346 MPa;但合金的室温断后伸长率却随Nb的上升而下降,由不含Nb时的56.5%降为Nb含量为1%时的49%。     

机械往复炉排材质的组织和性能

采用万能试验机、冲击试验机及洛氏硬度仪,测试研制的ZG30Cr26Ni4、RTCr28Ni4和RTCr 18三种材质的力学性能,并利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对合金的金相组织、拉伸及冲击断口形貌进行观察.结果表明:ZG30Cr26Ni4的冲击韧度较好,但硬度和强度均低于RTCr28Ni4和RTCr18;RTCr18硬度和常温抗拉强度较高,但冲击韧度和高温强度均低于RTCr28Ni4.三种合金中RTCr28Ni4的综合性能优良.     

00Cr12Ti铁素体不锈钢室温拉伸性能研究

试验对00Cr12Ti铁素体不锈钢在室温下的力学性能进行了测试和评定,其中包括热轧态显微组织、拉伸性能和断裂特征以及断口起源等。试验结果表明,00Cr12Ti的室温拉伸断口为韧性断口,微观形貌为不均匀的韧窝聚集,有大小不同的两种韧窝。大韧窝在范性流变的初中期形成并长大,多系由夹杂物成核而形成;小韧窝在范性流变的后期出现,多系由细小碳化物成核而形成。00Cr12Ti铁素体的微观组织为完全的等轴铁素体晶粒,这对其拉伸性能和断裂特征都有较好的影响。     

新型Cr20Ni30NbAl铁镍基合金的高温蠕变行为

研究了铁镍基合金800H和Cr20Ni30NbAl的固溶组织以及600℃下不同应力的蠕变性能.利用OM、SEM和TEM对两种合金进行了对比研究,发现在相同的固溶处理条件下,两种合金晶界都析出(Cr,Fe) 23C6,800H合金晶内弥散TiN颗粒直径约为60 nm,而Cr20Ni30NbAl合金由于Nb的加入在晶内弥散析出更细小的NbC颗粒,直径约5 nm,细小的弥散颗粒有效地提高了Cr20Ni30NbAl合金的蠕变强度.应用蠕变本构方程求的应力指数800H合金n0=8.79789,Cr20Ni30NbAl合金n1=17.58397.蠕变过程中,两种合金位错切割第二相均为Orowan机制,在600℃下Cr20Ni30NbAl合金具有更高的蠕变强度.800H合金断口表面出现带有小韧窝的沿晶断裂,Cr20Ni30NbAl合金断裂没有出现颈缩现象,断口呈现岩石状的沿晶断裂.     

Cr18Ni9Cu3NbN奥氏体不锈钢的性能研究

利用金相、XRD和SEM分析试样的组织结构和断口形貌.研究新型奥氏体不锈钢Cr18Ni9Cu3NbN的冲击、持久强度、室温拉伸和高温短时拉伸性能.结果表明:该钢的室温、高温短时拉伸性能与Super304H钢相当,高温持久强度极限优于Super304H钢.     

BHW35钢埋弧焊环缝组织及高温冲击性能分析

BHW35钢匹配H08Mn2MoA+HJ350焊材,采用埋弧自动焊焊制的厚壁焊接接头,经消应力退火热处理后,对接头及母材实施了室温,100,200,350℃下缺口冲击试验,并进行冲击断口、金相组织、硬度及化学成分分析.结果表明,接头硬度为291.6HV.随着温度升高,接头韧度较室温大幅度提高,冲击吸收功均出现峰值温度,焊缝为100℃,而HAZ和母材为200℃.热影响区的韧度优于焊缝,接头冲击吸收功室温为47.33 J以上,350℃为134.67 J以上,满足韧度要求.断口分析表明,母材冲击断口均为延性韧窝,室温焊缝及HAZ冲击断口呈准解理+韧窝的混合断裂特征,而高温下均变为延性韧窝.冲击吸收功越高,断口撕裂特征越明显,韧窝越大,分布越不均匀.     

铸态U-10%Mo合金的高温力学性能及其显微结构

采用真空熔炼法制备了铸态U-10%Mo合金,研究了该合金的室温和高温下的拉伸性能。结果表明,合金的拉伸断裂极限强度随温度的升高呈下降趋势。铀钼合金在室温下发生脆性沿晶断裂,高温条件下则发生韧窝型沿晶断裂和撕裂型沿晶断裂,这是由断口晶界处聚集的大量铀的氧化物和碳化物造成的。     

超临界机组R26高温合金螺栓典型组织与性能

对晶粒粗大、析出相呈带状分布、粗晶粒与细晶粒交替呈带状分布3种类型R26高温合金螺栓进行化学成分检验、金相检验、力学性能试验以及扫描电镜分析,并对螺栓硬度超标和显微组织异常问题展开研究。结果表明,3种类型螺栓冲击吸收能量、室温强度和塑性指标、600℃高温强度指标处于较高水平。析出相呈带状分布、粗晶粒与细晶粒交替呈带状分布是标准不允许的带状组织,并造成螺栓硬度高于标准要求,带状区域或细晶区域存在颗粒状碳化物(富含Ni、Cr、Co、Mo、Ti合金元素)或块状析出相(富含Ti、Mo合金元素)偏聚现象,是螺栓固溶处理不充分导致结果。粗晶粒与细晶粒交替呈带状分布的螺栓在600℃高温拉伸断后伸长率仅为5. 6%,高温塑性较低。晶粒粗大螺栓600℃高温拉伸断口以沿晶断裂为主,并存在较多二次裂纹,其室温塑性和冲击吸收能量低于含带状组织螺栓。室温拉伸性能指标不能有效反映R26高温合金螺栓的服役性能,关于带状组织对R26高温合金螺栓持久强度和蠕变性能的影响有待进一步研究。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.