表面修饰凹凸棒石及其在环氧丙烯酸树脂中的应用

旨在提高凹凸棒石在环氧丙烯酸酯中的力学性能及分散性能,以凹凸棒石纳米粉体为载体,采用化学沉淀法制备出包硅凹凸棒石复合纳米材料(Si O2/ATP),再用硅烷偶联剂KH570对Si O2/ATP表面进行有机改性,制得KH570-g-Si O2/ATP复合材料。通过TEM、FTIR、XRD及TG对复合材料进行表征。采用共混法制备了紫外光固化复合涂层,考察了KH570-g-Si O2/ATP的添加量对复合涂层耐冲击力、柔韧性的影响。结果表明,当KH570-g-Si O2/ATP的用量占涂料总重量的5%时,与EA涂层相比,复合涂层的耐冲击力的高度由15 cm增加至35 cm;涂膜的柔韧性由15 mm提升至5 mm;此外,与ATP、Si O2/ATP以及KH570-g-ATP相比,KH570-g-Si O2/ATP在EA涂层中具有良好的分散性,EA涂层的力学性能也得到明显改善。     

聚吡咯/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料的制备及导电性能

以三氯化铁(FeCl_3)为氧化剂,十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecylsulfonate,DSNa)为掺杂剂,使吡咯单体(pyrrole,Py)在凹凸棒石(attapulgite,ATP)的表面发生原位聚合反应,制备出聚吡咯/凹凸棒石(polypyrrole/attapulgite,PPy/ATP)纳米导电复合材料.研究了毗咯用量、聚合温度、聚合时间、FeCl_3用量以及DSNa用量对纳米导电复合材料体积电阻率的影响,确定了制备纳米导电复合材料的工艺条件.通过X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、Fourier红外光谱、Raman光谱和透射电子显微镜对纳米复合材料进行表征,结果表明:当吡咯用量(以ATP的质量计)为30%,FeCl_3与Py的摩尔比为2.3,DSNa的浓度为0.02g/mL时,20℃反应3h得到的PPy/ATP复合材料的体积电阻率可达7Ω·cm,聚吡咯以非晶态形式存在于凹凸棒石表面,两者之间的作用为物理作用.     

二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯改性凹凸棒石的合成与表征

为改善凹凸棒石(ATTP)和聚合物之间的相容性,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为改性剂,利用MDI含有的异氰酸酯基与ATTP表面的羟基反应制备了MDI改性ATTP。测定结果表明反应程度达到74.15%;表征结果证实MDI接枝到了凹凸棒石表面,ATTP的结构未发生改变,MDI/ATTP分散性能良好。     

树状大分子PAMAM改性凹凸棒石填充改性聚丙烯研究

采用聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树枝状大分子对硅烷偶联剂处理过的凹凸棒石(ATP)进行接枝改性,制得改性粒子ATP-PAMAM.通过热重-差热分析(TG/DTA)和红外光谱(FIIR)表征了PAMAM在ATP表面的接枝效果.以该ATP-PAMAM为分散相,PP-g-MAH为相容剂与聚丙烯(PP)基体熔融共混制备了PP/ATP-PAMAM复合材料.结果表明:用ATP-PAMAM制得的复合材料比用未处理的ATP制得的复合材料具有更好的综合力学性能;ATP-PAMAM呈纳米棒状均匀分散在PP基体中,通过与PP-g-MAH发生化学反应,提高了与PP的相容性,与基体结合良好;具有异相成核作用,使PP的结晶度有较大提高.     

海藻酸钠接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物/凹凸棒石复合材料的制备与表征

以凹凸棒石(AT)为原料、过硫酸钾为引发剂、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)两种单体同时对海藻酸钠(SA)进行接枝改性,采用水溶液聚合法制备了海藻酸钠接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物/凹凸棒石复合材料。考察了各合成因素对复合材料吸液倍率的影响,并采用FTIR、SEM对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,当丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的质量比为5 1∶、海藻酸钠质量分数为15%(占单体丙烯酸质量,下同)、凹凸棒石用量为25%、交联剂用量为0.095%、引发剂用量为0.55%和反应温度为80℃时,制备的复合材料的吸蒸馏水倍率最高,达到1 693.3 g/g。FTIR表明,海藻酸钠、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和凹凸棒石共同参与了接枝聚合反应。SEM表明,凹凸棒石的引入,复合材料的表面致密但存在大小不一的孔隙,有利于提高复合材料的吸液倍率。     

氟硅改性无溶剂环氧涂料的制备与性能

采用甲基丙烯酸十三氟辛酯（TFM）改性氨基硅油（AS）制备氟化氨基硅油（FAS）,并用其改性环氧树脂（EP）探究氨基硅油及氟化氨基硅油添加量对环氧涂层性能的影响。本文通过红外光谱对改性结果进行表征,通过柔韧性测试、画圈附着力测试、铅笔硬度测试、耐冲击测试、热失重测试、接触角测试、紫外加速老化实验和Tafel极化曲线测试,分别评价涂层的柔韧性、附着力、硬度、耐冲击性、耐热性、疏水性、耐候性和防腐性能,通过扫描电镜对涂层断面进行分析,并通过EDS对涂层进行表面元素分析。结果表明,氟添加量为15%制备氟化氨基硅油改性环氧树脂时,氟硅改性EP涂层相对于未改性EP涂层,硬度由2H提升至3H,附着力由2级提升至1级,柔韧性由1mm提升至0.5mm,耐冲击由45cm提升至50cm,热稳定性增强,接触角由70.5°提升至123°,耐紫外老化（432h）由3级提升至1级,E_corr由-0.6187V正移至-0.1720V,I_corr由1.9858×10^-8A/cm²减小至3.7125×10^-10A/cm²。适量氟化氨基硅油的引入,显著提升了环氧涂层的机械性能、耐候性能和防腐性能。     

阴离子聚合PA6/木粉复合材料的制备及性能

利用二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)2种试剂对木粉表面接枝改性,在碱性催化剂条件下,将改性后的木粉与己内酰胺单体混合,使其发生阴离子聚合反应,制备聚酰胺6(PA6)/木粉复合材料,对其进行测试及表征,研究PA6/木粉复合材料的微观结构、力学性能和摩擦特征.研究结果表明,木粉表面成功接枝了MDI和K...     

PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的制备及其皮革阻燃性

采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)改性纳米凹凸棒土(ATP),制得表面含双键的凹凸棒土(O-ATP),进而与丙烯酸发生共聚反应,制备了聚丙烯酸/凹凸棒土(PAA/ATP)纳米复合材料,采用FTIR、TEM、TGA对其结构进行分析,结果表明:成功制备了PAA/ATP纳米复合材料,ATP均匀地分散于PAA/ATP纳米复合材料中。当ATP用量为1%时(即ATP质量占丙烯酸质量的百分数,下同),PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的外观稳定性和热稳定性均最好。将PAA/ATP纳米复合材料应用于绵羊蓝湿革的复鞣工序中,结果表明:ATP的引入有利于提高革样的阻燃性能、增厚性能。当ATP用量为1%时,PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的极限氧指数提升至16.4%,燃烧速率降低至0.045 mm/s。     

纳米TiO_2/凹凸棒石@DHHB复合材料的制备及紫外屏蔽性能研究

在凹凸棒石(ATP)表面依次负载金红石型纳米二氧化钛和二乙氨羟苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯(DHHB)制备纳米TiO_2/ATP@DHHB复合材料。通过XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、SEM和UV-VIS等技术对复合材料进行表征。结果表明,TiO_2为金红石型,DHHB以物理吸附的方式存在于TiO_2/ATP表面形成包覆膜层。引入ATP载体降低了TiO_2的团聚,同时抑制了DHHB的自发结晶。TiO_2/凹凸棒石@DHHB复合材料具有良好的疏水亲油性,并在290～380 nm的波长范围内显示较好的广谱紫外防护效果,UVB防晒系数(SPF)和UVA防晒指数(PFA)分别达到了12. 31和11. 56(PA+++)。     

凹凸棒石不同表面修饰对聚丙烯/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响

凹凸棒石(ATP)经过不同的表面修饰后与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混制备了PP/ATP纳米复合材料。通过对复合材料力学性能的测试,发现用氧化聚乙烯乳液包覆处理的ATP制备的复合材料力学性能最好,与纯PP相比复合材料的缺口冲击强度最多提高了83%,提高幅度显著;拉伸、弯曲强度分别提高了6%~11%和33%~45%;其中ATP的质量含量为3%。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纳米复合材料的形貌和ATP在PP中的分散情况,发现ATP在PP基体中分散均匀,其中棒晶直径最佳分散尺寸为20~40nm。XRD测试表明:未处理ATP和处理后的ATP均有使PP晶粒细化的作用且不改变PP的α晶型,硅烷偶联剂和无规聚丙烯处理的ATP具有较明显的晶粒细化作用,氧化聚乙烯修饰后的ATP对PP的晶粒细化作用不强,微晶尺寸减小程度不如其它两种表面修饰方法。DSC结果显示,ATP的加入提高了复合材料的结晶温度,同时提高了复合材料的结晶度。说明ATP起到了异相成核的作用,氧化聚乙烯表面修饰后的ATP对提高PP的结晶度效果最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。