基于ANP-MCGC的装备保障性评价建模研究

从装备保障性满足装备保障能力及其执行任务能力的角度出发,对装备保障性评价内涵进行了界定,在综合考虑装备执行任务能力和保障能力生成过程的基础上,构建了装备保障性评价指标体系;针对评价指标的内部依存性及外部依赖性,采用网络分析法(ANP)及超级决策软件对评价指标体系进行赋权;针对评价过程中的模糊性和随机性,采用云重心评判法(MCGC)对装备保障性的评价;结果表明:此模型对装备保障性能够给出有效的综合评价,为装备保障性科学评价提供了一种适用有效方法.     

基于过程神经网络和量子免疫算法的油气评价

为评价我国目前油气资源的可持续发展能力,提出了一种将过程神经元网络与量子免疫算法相结合的评价方法。首先,在构建油气资源可持续发展能力评价指标体系的基础上,采用过程神经元网络建立评价指标体系与评价结果之间的映射关系;然后采用量子免疫算法完成网络的训练;最后,以2004年～2006年的油气资源经济可持续发展评价为例,验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于改进AHP的储层综合评价方法

储层评价是油田有利区筛选及预测的重要基础和依据,针对传统AHP方法主观性强、判断矩阵不一致等问题,对AHP算法进行改进,提出一种基于改进AHP的储层综合评价方法. 该方法采用群组AHP方法构建判断矩阵以降低专家的主观性偏见;然后,利用最小二乘原理构建拟优一致矩阵解决判断矩阵的不一致性问题;其次,在计算底层指标的评价向量时将其分为定性指标和定量指标,其中定性指标采用专家评价得到评价向量,定量指标量则采用效用函数法和灰色层次分析法相结合得到评价向量;最后通过评价向量、各层指标权重对储层进行综合评价. 实例计算表明该方法可以获得更加科学、客观的储层评价标准,能提高研究区的开发效果并为后续开发方案的调整提供有利依据.     

卫生陶瓷釉面质量综合评价系统软件设计

为了提高卫生陶瓷釉面质量综合评价的效率和准确性,提出了一种自动评价系统方案,设计了软件结构和功能;以C#语言开发评价管理等模块;采用Matlab编程开发图像预处理、综合评价算法等模块,利用组件技术实现Visual C#与Matlab混合编程;以洗面器为评价对象,采用分辨率为2592×1944工业相机验证软件评价功能;结果表明,软件输出评价结果为优,与预期一致;软件实现了卫生陶瓷釉面的自动评价,操作方便,基本满足卫生陶瓷釉面质量综合评价的要求。     

基于改进模糊灰色法的继电保护装置状态评价

针对继电保护装置状态评价的不分明性和不确切性,提出采用一种改进的模糊灰色法对继电保护装置进行状态评价。首先建立涵盖历史状况、检修状况和监测状况3个方面的指标体系,并以点灰度描述评价信息的不确切性;然后构造非线性隶属函数来求取隶属度,得到模糊灰色评价矩阵;最后对继电保护装置进行模糊灰色状态评价,并采用加权平均算子对评价结果进行再优化。实例证明该方法在评价继电保护装置状态时能更准确地反映设备的真实运行状况。     

基于多元判别分析的文本分割模型

提出了一种独立于具体领域的文本线性分割统计模型,其中采用多元判别分析方法定义了4种全局评价函数,实现对文本分割模式的全局评价,寻找满足分割单元内距离最小化和分割单元间距离最大化条件的最好分割方式.该模型采用遗传算法来解决新模型的高计算复杂度问题.比较性实验结果显示,新模型比TextTiling和Dotplotting算法取得了更高的P_μ评价性能.     

学生自主学习能力评价的模糊综合法初探

自主学习能力已成为现代社会中一个人必须具备的基本素质。论文阐述了学生自主学习能力及其重要性,简述了模糊综合评价方法与步骤;采用专家法建立了一个初步的学生自主学习能力二级评价指标体系;依据该评价指标体系,采集了某班级甲学生自主学习能力的评价数据;在评价数据统计汇总的基础上,给出了采用模糊综合法评价其自主学习能力的综合评价分数与等级的过程与步骤。     

用户群体满意度最大化的Top-k在线服务评价

考虑用户评价准则不一致的在线服务评价通常以服务的完整排序作为评价结果,而不是选择出使用户群体满意度最大的Top-k在线服务集合,使评价结果难以满足Top-k在线服务评价场景的合理性和公平性需求.为此,提出了一种用户群体满意度最大化的Top-k在线服务评价方法.该方法首先定义用户群体满意度指标,以衡量选择的k个在线服务的合理性;其次,考虑用户评价准则不一致及用户偏好信息不完整的情况,采用Borda规则将用户对在线服务的偏好关系构造为用户-服务满意度矩阵;然后借鉴Monroe比例代表思想,将Top-k在线服务评价问题建模为寻找最大化用户群体满意度的在线服务集合的优化问题;最后采用贪心算法对该优化问题进行求解,将得到的在线服务集合作为Top-k评价结果.通过理论分析和实验验证了该方法的合理性和有效性.理论分析表明,该方法满足Top-k在线服务评价所需的比例代表性和公平性.同时,实验结果也表明,该方法能够在合理的时间内获得接近用户群体满意度理想上界的评价结果,可以有效地辅助用户群体做出正确的服务选择决策.另外,该方法还可以在用户偏好不完整的情况下实现Top-k在线服务评价.     

基于分层模糊决策的航天电子产品模块寻优评价方法

针对航天电子产品模块多方案选择,提出了基于分层模糊决策的方案量化寻优评价方法;建立了分层寻优评价模型,并提出了技术指标、产品化指标和经济指标等多维度寻优评价指标、确定了各指标的寻优方向;针对航天产品评价指标不易量化的特点,采用量化计算和专家评价方式统计数据;结合航天产品关注重点分配评价指标不同权重,突出经济性、通用性等指标;应用该方法对工程中功能模块多方案量化寻优评价的结果与实际工程选择一致,该评价方法应用简单、结果清晰,符合认识、理解的过程,是一种有效的快速评价方法。     

局部模糊综合评价方法及其在健康普适服务中的应用*

提出一种基于社区健康指数的服务质量评价模型。该模型采用局部模糊的综合评价法,根据指标性质灵活采用模糊评价和综合评价,减少了评价指标的数据丢失;此外,采用主客观结合的方式,自顶向下确定指标的权重,增强了权重值的可信度。实验证明该模型提高了评价的准确性,具有很强的实用价值。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).