焊接及焊后热处理对TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

研究了焊接及焊后热处理（300℃，600℃，750℃感应加热）对两种TRIP钢板组织和性能的影响，发现焊接时的高温使焊缝和周围的组织发生了变化。拉伸试验结果表明：焊接后TRIP钢的抗拉强度（Rm）、屈服强度（Rp0.2）值上升，延伸率（8）、加工硬化指教（n）值下降。经过热处理后，Rm、Rp0.2值下降，而δ、n值上升，感应加热温度越高，Rm、Rp0.2下降越多，δ、n上升也越多。     

点焊后TRIP600钢板的疲劳性能

对最佳点焊工艺下强度为600 MPa的TRIP钢接头进行疲劳试验,获得了钢板点焊后接头的S-N曲线,结合硬度分布和疲劳断口形貌结果,分析了点焊后TRIP600钢板的疲劳寿命大幅降低的原因。结果表明,点焊后TRIP600钢板的疲劳极限为75 MPa,仅为母材的15.6%。焊后钢板疲劳裂纹源均产生在熔核周边未焊合的高温热影响区,高温淬火马氏体区与超级贝氏体最高温度回火最低硬度区的交界部位。该区强度最低,极易发生塑性变形,并引起应力集中。此处的淬火马氏体组织粗大,脆性较大,延塑性很低,且存在较大的残余拉应力,以及轴向拉应力和幅向应力的复合应力,使裂纹极易萌生并扩展。     

热轧高强双相钢焊接性研究

对DP600热轧双相高强钢板的焊接性进行了系统研究.对于不同焊接热输入下热轧双相高强钢板焊接接头强度性能、显微硬度分布、冲击韧度及显微组织分析表明,气体保护焊粗晶区硬度高韧度低,细晶区组织细小,激光焊粗晶区域较窄,其焊接热影响区冲击韧度较高;DP600热轧双相高强钢板焊接热影响区以铁素体与贝氏体为主,同时在铁素体基体上弥散分布细小碳化物.     

热镀锌TRIP钢点焊焊接裂纹分析

热镀锌TRIP钢具有强度高和韧性好的优点,是汽车轻量化的理想材料,广泛应用于汽车制造领域。针对1.2 mm厚的热镀锌钢板TRIP590+Z和TRIP690+Z进行电阻点焊焊接裂纹分析,目标是研究裂纹形成的原因,对焊接质量的影响。试验对比两个钢种的可焊电流窗口和焊接接头金相组织;通过扫描电镜对裂纹进行杂质元素分析,对两个钢种的焊接接头进行抗剪试验、硬度试验,并对比焊接接头的力学性能。试验结果表明,基板强度高的材料减薄情况要优于基板强度低的材料,边缘间隙是主要的应力集中点,是裂纹产生的开裂源。     

热处理工艺对TRIP980钢板点焊性能的影响

采用不同焊接工艺对TRIP980钢板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊前预热及焊后热处理工艺对点焊性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力均增大,但当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力开始减小. 焊前预热工艺可提高点焊飞溅电流,进而可以获得更大的熔核直径及拉剪力. 在对焊点进行焊后热处理的情况下,当焊接电流与焊后热处理电流之间的冷却时间超过900 ms时,可显著改善熔核组织,降低熔核硬度,提高焊点拉剪力.     

TRIP980钢板激光焊接工艺研究

采用不同焊接工艺对TRIP980钢板进行激光焊试验,研究了激光功率及焊接速度对接头宏观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着激光功率的增大,焊缝熔深逐渐增加直至完全焊透,此时接头强度先提高,之后保持稳定,断裂位置由焊缝过渡为母材,当功率过大时将产生严重飞溅,恶化焊缝性能,导致拉伸时沿焊缝开裂。随着焊接速度的提高,飞溅开始严重,导致接头强度较低,沿焊缝开裂,之后飞溅减小,接头强度提高且保持稳定,并沿母材断裂,继续提高焊接速度,焊缝熔深减小,接头强度降低,且沿焊缝处断裂。对于本研究钢板焊接合理的热输入为:33 333～50 000 J/m。     

TRIP780高强钢的点焊工艺性能

对TRIP780高强钢进行一系列电阻点焊试验,对点焊部位进行金相分析、显微硬度分析、抗剪切试验和十字拉伸试验等分析手段.研究焊前预热、焊后回火、焊接时间等工艺因素时TRIP钢点焊焊点的优化效力.焊前预热工艺对焊点的组织和力学性能的影响较小,在合理范围内延长焊接时间能有效地提高焊点的抗剪切性能,焊后回火工艺能有效地改善焊...     

不同焊接方式对超高强钢焊缝质量的影响

针对热冲压成形用的超高强钢,采用了混合气体保护焊、氩弧焊和激光焊3种不同焊接方式对超高强钢钢板进行焊接,对淬火前后的焊接接头进行了拉伸、硬度和金相试验,发现超高强钢钢板焊接件在淬火前采用氩弧焊、混合气体保护焊均有较大的粘接强度,在母材处断裂,而激光焊焊接件在热影响区附近断裂;钢件经过淬火后,由于超高强钢母材强度极高,无论哪一种焊接方式断裂均发生在焊接接头附近,但其粘接强度不同。通过试验,对这种热冲压成形超高强钢的焊接有一定的指导意义。     

高强度钢板焊接分析

介绍了高强度钢板焊后强度降低的主要原因；高强钢焊接时工艺参数的选择、焊接过程中存在的主要问题、注意事项及应采取的预防措施.     

TRIP780钢与DP980钢Yb:YAG激光焊接头组织与力学性能研究

利用Yb:YAG激光焊对汽车行业中广泛使用的双相钢(DP980)和相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP780)进行了焊接,通过硬度试验、拉伸试验和疲劳试验对焊接接头的力学性能进行了检测,并结合金相分析和扫描观察,发现TRIP780钢和DP980钢焊接接头中TRIP780钢决定着整个焊接接头的强度、焊缝的硬度和接头的疲劳寿命,并对其机理进行了解释。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。