食品胶对西式灌肠质构特性的影响

以猪肉和鸭肉为原料加工西式灌肠,研究魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶的加入量对产品质构特性的影响。结果表明:综合硬度、弹性、内聚性三个指标,三种食品胶单独添加,最佳添加量分别为魔芋胶0.9%、卡拉胶0.7%、黄原胶0.5%;三种食品胶复配后添加,比例为魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=3∶2∶3时(总胶浓度0.8%),西式灌肠的质构特性最好。     

卡拉胶复配凝胶特性及其在绿茶可吸果冻中的应用

研究卡拉胶的复配凝胶特性,优化绿茶可吸果冻的制作工艺。通过测定复配凝胶的凝胶强度、析水率、透明度、弹性和脆性等凝胶特性,将卡拉胶与魔芋胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶进行三元复配,确定可吸果冻制作的最佳三元复配凝胶;通过四因素三水平L9(34)正交实验优化绿茶可吸果冻的制作工艺。结果显示,卡拉胶的三元复配凝胶为卡拉胶∶魔芋胶∶黄原胶=27∶18∶4。绿茶可吸果冻的最佳配方为:复配胶添加量为0.7%、绿茶茶汤的添加量为60%、白砂糖的添加量为13%、柠檬酸的添加量为0.08%,得到的绿茶可吸果冻酸甜爽口、色香味俱佳,凝胶性能高于市售可吸果冻。      

食品胶对西式灌肠质构特性的影响

以猪肉和鸭肉为原料加工西式灌肠,研究魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶的加入量对产品质构特性的影响。结果表明:综合硬度、弹性、内聚性三个指标,三种食品胶单独添加,最佳添加量分别为魔芋胶0.9%、卡拉胶0.7%、黄原胶0.5%;三种食品胶复配后添加,比例为魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=3∶2∶3时(总胶浓度0.8%),西式灌肠的质构特性最好。      

红枣银耳复合果冻的研制

为了研制品质优良、营养丰富的果冻,以红枣和银耳为原料进行复合果冻的研制,研究不同凝胶剂的凝胶性能和复配胶的最佳比例,并对复合果冻的配方和制作工艺进行优化。实验结果:复配胶的最佳配比为魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶∶琼脂=2∶1∶1∶1,果冻的最佳配方为:复合果汁(红枣汁∶银耳汁=2∶1)20%,复配胶1.5%,白砂糖12%,柠檬酸0.1%。最优水平组合A2B3C2D1的感官评分为90分。     

复配食用胶对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

将卡拉胶、亚麻籽胶、黄原胶和魔芋胶两两复配,复配比例为0∶10,2∶8,3∶7,4∶6,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,10∶0,然后将复配胶按添加量0.25%(质量比)添加到猪肉肌原纤维蛋白中,以未添加食用胶的肌原纤维蛋白作为对照,通过测定蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶质构特性和保水性,研究复配食用胶对肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响。试验结果表明:魔芋胶、卡拉胶和黄原胶两两复配具有协同增效作用,与对照组和添加单一食用胶的处理组相比,肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶硬度、弹性和保水性均显著提高(P0.05),魔芋胶与卡拉胶、魔芋胶与黄原胶以及卡拉胶与黄原胶的最佳复配比例分别为4∶6,3∶7和7∶3;而亚麻籽胶分别与魔芋胶、卡拉胶和黄原胶复配后,肌原纤维蛋白的乳化能力、凝胶硬度、弹性和保水性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),与添加单一食用胶的处理组相比未得到改善,说明亚麻籽胶与这3种食用胶之间无协同增效作用。     

食用胶对虾蛄中磷酸化肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

将魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶分别添加到虾蛄磷酸化肌原纤维蛋白中,在不同食用胶、三聚磷酸钠添加量及不同温度下形成凝胶,研究食用胶对磷酸化蛋白凝胶特性的影响。结果表明：随着三聚磷酸钠添加量的增加,3 种食用胶形成的蛋白凝胶强度和保水性均提高;随着食用胶添加量的增加,卡拉胶与黄原胶形成的蛋白凝胶强度和保水性提高,魔芋胶添加量为0.1%时,其蛋白凝胶强度最高;随着温度的升高,魔芋胶与卡拉胶均对蛋白凝胶强度和保水性有显著性影响（P＜0.05）,但黄原胶对凝胶强度和保水性无显著影响（P＞0.05）。     

葛粉保健果冻生产工艺研究

以葛粉为主要原料,卡拉胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶为胶凝剂,研究葛粉保健果冻的生产工艺。采用单纯形格子混料设计,确定复合胶凝剂的最佳配比,采用单因素及正交试验,确定葛粉保健果冻的最佳配方。结果表明：复合胶凝剂的最佳比例为魔芋胶50.1%、卡拉胶23.7%、黄原胶26.2%;以葛粉:水=1:15 调制葛粉液,添加复合胶0.5g/100mL、蔗糖7.0g/100mL、柠檬酸0.3g/100mL,所制果冻产品凝胶强度大,质地均匀,口感适宜。     

魔芋胶-黄原胶复配体系流变学特性及其凝胶形成动力学分析

为探究魔芋胶与黄原胶2 种食品胶复配使用后的协同作用,以魔芋胶和黄原胶为原料,控制总凝胶质量分 数为1%,以魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比分别为2∶8、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、8∶2进行复配后,考察复配体系的流变学特性并对 其凝胶形成进行动力学分析。结果表明：魔芋胶-黄原胶复配体系具有假塑性,当魔芋胶的添加比例逐渐增大时, 复配体系黏度系数K增大,流体系数n减小,且复配体系的动态黏弹性质也随着魔芋胶与黄原胶的质量比不同而改 变,当魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比为6∶4时,复配体系的K值达到最大、n值最小,具有最强的假塑性及黏弹性。同时, 魔芋胶与黄原胶的不同质量比对凝胶形成速率有较大影响,当质量比小于6∶4时,凝胶形成显示出较慢的速率,且 形成的凝胶强度较弱;当质量比为6∶4时凝胶形成速率加快,SDRa曲线和G’曲线上升明显,形成的凝胶强度增大, 当质量比继续增加时,凝胶形成速率反而降低。采用阿伦尼乌斯方程对凝胶形成过程中的动力学参数进行拟合,决 定系数均在0.98以上,表现出较高的拟合精度;凝胶形成过程中的活化能在魔芋胶与黄原胶质量比为6∶4时有显著 增加（P＜0.05）,高温段与低温段间的活化能也表现出明显差异。     

银杏香橙果冻的研制

研究以银杏和香橙为主要原料,以魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶三种胶混合作为凝胶主体制作银杏香橙果冻。采用凝胶情况和果冻成品的感官评价得分作为指标,研究银杏汁和橙汁配比、蔗糖添加量、苹果酸添加量、柠檬酸添加量以及复合胶的配比等对果冻产品的影响。进一步通过正交试验,确定银杏香橙果冻的最佳配方:银杏香橙混合汁添加量为50%、银杏汁和香橙汁的配比为1∶3(v/v)、蔗糖添加量为14%、复合胶添加量为1.2%(魔芋胶0.5%、黄原胶0.1%、卡拉胶0.6%)、混合酸添加量为0.2%(苹果酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.1%)。按照此配方制备的果冻结构均匀、口感细腻、酸甜可口,具有独特的银杏香橙风味。     

甜玉米营养果冻的研制

利用黄原胶、卡拉胶、魔芋胶混溶后具有的协同增效作用,通过混料实验来确定最佳的复配胶比例为魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=20∶13∶1。同时,由一系列单因素和正交实验确定甜玉米果冻的最佳配方为复配胶1.1%、甜玉米汁16%、蔗糖11%、柠檬酸0.23%、氯化钾0.08%、天然香精和柠檬酸钠适量。      

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press