循环流化床锅炉在我厂的应用

许多化工企业，尤其是以煤制气生产合成氨的中小氮肥企业，每年都有大量含碳量在25％左右的炉渣及大量下脚无烟碎煤难以处理，多数企业将炉渣废弃，而将下脚无烟碎煤廉价销售；也有些企业在锅炉房设置了沸腾炉，消化部分炉渣或下脚无烟碎煤，但由于沸腾炉的磨损严重，排尘量大、出力低等问题，检修频繁，运行一直不够理想。近几年来，一些中小氮肥企业选择了10～35t／h循环流化床锅炉处理造气炉渣，运行情况还比较好，这确实是消化炉渣、能源二次利用的新途径。循环流化床锅炉在我国自80年代开始研究开发。中国科学院工程热物理研究所、清华…     

利用锅炉炉渣代替粘土生产水泥

0概述我厂Φ4.0m/3.5m/4.0m×145m湿法回转窑生产线于1989年建成投产,年设计能力30万t。2003年1月起,为了使回转窑生产水泥品种达到国家减免税的规定,水泥品种中的工业废渣掺量要达到30%以上,为此,我厂在生料配料上逐步降低粘土用量,增大锅炉炉渣的用量,也就是利用锅炉炉渣替代粘土配料进行生产。1锅炉炉渣的基本情况我厂用锅炉炉渣是都匀剑江化肥厂和都匀火力发电厂排放的工业废渣,发热量3000～4000kJ/kg,废渣储量达40万t以上,距离我厂13km。该炉渣化学成分比较稳定,炉渣和其它原燃材料的化学成分见表1,炉渣和烟煤工业分析见表2。表1各原…     

解决锅炉飞灰和炉渣残碳高的几点措施

针对河南心连心公司75t/h循环流化床锅炉在运行中锅炉飞灰和炉渣残碳高这一问题,进行理论分析,并做出了一系列优化调整措施,改造后的锅炉锅炉飞灰和炉渣残碳量有了明显的降低。     

采用循环流化床锅炉消化煤气炉炉渣是中型氨厂节能新途径

将煤气炉炉渣作为第２次能源回收利用是煤气炉炉渣的基本出路，而采用循环流化床锅炉消化煤气炉炉渣则是最好的节能途径。文中对国内循环流化床锅炉的开发和应用现状、ＷＺ－７５／３．８２－Ｍ内循环流化床锅炉规范、技术特点及运行情况作了介绍，并对循环流化床锅炉经济效益进行了初步分析。     

用沸腾锅炉回收利用造气炉渣技术总结

用沸腾锅炉回收利用低热值造气炉渣，使之再次燃烧，生产蒸汽，是低热值造气炉渣研究开发的新发展。根据实际生产应用情况和经济效益分析，证实了这一技术的合理性、经济性     

SHF15—1.25／280型流化床锅炉的结构及运行

介绍了ＳＨＦ１５－１．２５／２８０水冷旋涡内分离循环流化床锅炉的结构特征及特点，及在运行中应注意事项，较好地利用了合成氨厂造气炉渣有炭末，经济效益显著。     

沸腾炉掺烧炉渣对鼓风机风压的选择

为解决造气炉渣混配燃料的发热值低于沸腾炉设计热值的矛盾,该厂采用了重新选择鼓风机的措施。文章对鼓风机风量和风压的确定;风机的选型;沸腾炉的冷态试验等问题作了论述。投运后效益显著:掺烧造气炉渣年节约价值达10万元以上;节约标煤3000多吨。     

燃用全造气炉炉渣的内循环流化床锅炉应用总结

本文简要地介绍燃用全造气炉炉渣的循环流化床锅炉的特点，工艺流程、运行以及出现问题的改进。     

循环流化床锅炉在小氮肥企业中的应用

目前，在许多以煤制气生产合成氨的中小型氮肥企业中，每年有大量含碳量在25％左右的炉渣及大量无烟碎煤难以处理，多数企业将炉渣废弃，而将碎煤廉价销售。这不仅造成了能源的流失和浪费，同时也给企业造成了经济损失。因此寻求一种消化炉渣及无烟碎煤实现能源二次利用的合理途径是十分有必要的。近年来，循环流化床锅炉的使用及时有效地解决了这个问题。笔曾经在北方某小氮肥企业从事锅炉管理工作。经历了两台SHX20－2．5／400从安装烘炉、煮炉试运行、正式投入生产运行的一系列工作过程，在这个过程中发现循环流化床锅炉具有适应化工业企业的独特优点，同时也还存在着一些不利因素，在此通过本愿与业内同行相互探讨。     

小氮肥厂旧锅炉改造为燃渣锅炉方案确定及经济效益分析

阐明了旧锅炉改造为燃渣锅炉，该炉既可综合利用，节省能源，又可减少炉渣排放量和改善环境污染等优点。结合小氮肥厂的实际工况，对旧锅炉进行因地制宜地设计，改造；并对投资概算和经济效益进行了分析。     

电石渣的综合利用及资源化探讨

工业废弃的电石渣堆放不仅占用土地资源,还对附近土壤和水体造成污染,因此如何将电石渣转化为可用的资源是急需解决的问题。本文介绍了目前国内外对电石渣的综合利用情况,这些方法虽然可将部分电石渣进行有效利用,但还不能从根本上解决电石渣的处置问题。通过对电石渣现状的调查研究,提出使电石渣就地转化,将电石渣转化为无机化工原料,才是彻底解决电石渣污染环境,实现电石渣资源化的途径。     

复吹转炉溅渣层与镁碳砖之间结合的现场试验研究

将镁碳砖试样从出钢口送入复吹转炉内 ,溅渣 4min后抽出进行化学分析和显微镜观察。结果表明 :溅渣层的平均成分与溅渣前的炉渣大致相同 ;1 80t复吹转炉出钢口部位溅渣层平均厚度 1 0 .4mm ;本试验采用高氧化性炉渣进行溅渣 ,故溅渣层与镁碳砖之间有间隙存在     

Partition characteristics of radionuclides during a melt decontamination of a contaminated metal waste

Melt decontamination of radioactive contaminated metal waste using arc melting process is investigated the characteristic behavior phenomena of radioisotope cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) from a molten ingot, slag and dust for the effect of the basicity and various slag types. The composition of the slag former used to capture the contaminants (⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs) during the melt decontamination process generally consisted of silica (SiO₂), calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Also, calcium fluoride (CaF₂), magnesium oxide (MgO), and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) were added to provide an increase in the slag fluidity and oxidative potential. More ⁶⁰Co was transfer to the slag phase in the carbon steel than the stainless steel. Most of the ⁶⁰Co remained in the ingot phase at about above 90% present. ⁶⁰Co was removed from the ingot phase to slag phase by up to 12% at about 0.8 of the slag basicity in carbon steel. There was found that significant amounts of ⁶⁰Co remain in the ferric oxide slag at up to 32%. Flux containing CaF₂ was significantly captured to the slag phase by up to 30%. In all the tests, ¹³⁷Cs was completely eliminated from the melt of the stainless steel as well as the carbon steel and distributed to the slag and dust phase. In the slag basicity at 0.5, a maximum of 25% of the ⁶⁰Cs remained in the slag phase to the carbon steel. Fluoride slags favor a capture of cesium in the slag. A maximum of 30% of the ¹³⁷Cs remained in a ferric oxide slag.     

气淬高温熔渣颗粒运动和换热特性的数值分析

建立了高炉渣颗粒运动与换热过程的数学模型,利用FORTRAN语言编写程序,通过四阶Runge?Kutta方法求解其动力学和传热方程,计算时充分考虑熔渣与冷却空气主要热物性参数随温度的变化,采用温度回升法计算熔渣凝固过程释放的潜热,提出在气淬空气中添加喷雾强化熔渣冷却,考察了渣粒尺寸对换热过程的影响。结果表明,飞行过程中渣粒速度受气淬空气影响先增大后减小;温度降低趋势随运动距离增加而减小,主要受对流换热系数影响,凝固过程持续时间较短;喷雾使渣粒在飞行过程中整体冷却速率明显升高,最终温度明显降低,而对熔渣的运动影响较小;相同初始工况下,熔渣粒径越小,运动越易受流场影响,渣粒整体冷却速率较高,换热效果越好。     

660 MW超超临界CFB锅炉冷渣器选型技术经济性研究

为比较不同型式的冷渣器对660 MW超超临界CFB锅炉机组能耗的影响,通过分析使用风水联合冷渣器及滚筒冷渣器时锅炉效率、厂用电率的变化,计算超超临界CFB机组使用不同冷渣器时供电煤耗的大小。提出冷渣器选型方案,对不同方案进行经济性比较。研究表明,底渣量和标煤单价对冷渣器选型有重要影响,标煤单价高、底渣量大的项目,宜选用风水联合冷渣器,技术经济性好。为了兼顾冷渣器的技术经济性和运行可靠性,可采用风水冷渣器与滚筒冷渣器搭配使用的方案。研究内容可为燃用低热值煤的CFB锅炉冷渣机选型提供参考。     

Artificial neural network model to predict slag viscosity over a broad range of temperatures and slag compositions

Threshold slag viscosity heuristics are often used for the initial assessment of coal gasification projects. Slag viscosity predictions are also required for advanced combustion and gasification models. Due to unsatisfactory performance of theoretical equations, an artificial neural network model was developed to predict slag viscosity over a broad range of temperatures and slag compositions. This model outperforms other slag viscosity models, resulting in an average error factor of 5.05 which is lower than the best obtained with other available models. Genesee coal ash viscosity predictions were made to investigate the effect of adding Canadian limestone and dolomite. The results indicate that magnesium in the fluxing agent provides a greater viscosity reduction than calcium for the threshold slag tapping temperature range.     

炉渣和粉煤灰制备免烧砖的工艺设计及效益分析

为了实现贵州某电厂炉渣和粉煤灰的资源化利用,对贵州某电厂的炉渣和粉煤灰制备免烧砖的工艺进行了设计,并进行了效益分析,为该地区电厂炉渣和粉煤灰的资源化利用提供了参考。     

Characterization of the Tunisian blast-furnace slag and its application in the formulation of a cement

The Tunisian blast-furnace slag has been characterized by several physicochemical methods to evaluate its hydraulic reactivity. It has been noted that nearly all the slag is glassy, so its use as a replacement of cement is possible.This result has been confirmed by different physical tests applied to blended cements as specific surface, normal consistency, setting time, stability to expansion and the minislump.Finally, a slag cement composition has been formulated and optimized using a mixture design. The optimized formula giving the maximum of compressive strength at 7 and 28 days was 61% clinker, 35% slag, 3% gypsum, and 1% limestone.     

On a Mechanism of Wear of the Periclase-Carbon Lining for Oxygen Converters

Effects associated with the capillary impregnation of the refractory materials with melted slag, the chemical interaction of graphite carbon with slag, and the dissolution of periclase in slag are considered. The time needed for melted slag to penetrate to the hot-layer depth of the refractory lining is a matter of several seconds. The carbon component on its contact with melted slag is reduced with FeO to yield CO. The partial pressure of carbon monoxide p _CO is calculated as a function of temperature (1500 – 1700°C) and FeO activity (0.1 – 0.5) in melted slag. The pressure p _CO is shown to exceed the capillary pressure of melted slag in pores, which prevents the easy penetration (because of the CO bubbles formed) of the slag into the periclase-carbon lining. The lining-wear effects due to the MgO concentration in the slag and to the size of periclase crystals are considered.     

210 t顶底复吹转炉溅渣护炉模拟研究

对某厂210 t顶底复吹转炉进行了溅渣护炉水模型实验,测定了炉衬不同部位的溅渣量,考察了操作参数对溅渣效果的影响,得到最佳工艺操作参数为：顶吹流量50000 Nm3/h,枪位3680 mm,氧枪喷头倾角15°,留渣量21 t,底吹元件布置方式A1,底吹流量900 Nm3/h.