一种距离无关的无线传感器网络定位算法

通过分析和仿真,指出距离无关的无线传感器网络定位算法DV-Hop在节点分布密度不均匀的网络中的局限性.由此,提出一种新的定位算法.该算法中,各节点感知周边的节点密度,基于此对周边锚节点分区,利用相同区域的锚节点执行定位计算.通过仿真验证,在节点分布密度不均的网络中,该算法有效地降低了未知节点的定位误差,提高了定位精度.     

无线传感网中移动节点的自适应定位算法

介绍了一种在无线传感网中针对移动节点的自适应定位算法,通过建立移动节点运动模型,借助运动模型估计信息辅助移动节点的定位,解决了只有2个或1个信标节点的无法定位的问题,本算法能够适应不同移动节点的运动状态,动态地调整定位时间间隔,从而既能提高节点定位的精度,也能在保证定位误差的情况下降低定位频率,节省定位能量的消耗,延长整个无线传感网的生存时间。     

一种用于无线传感器网络的质心定位算法

在建立定位算法求解数学模型和定位性能描述的基础上,提出了一种无线传感器网络定位算法——去中心化场强加权多跳质心定位算法。该算法对单跳质心算法进行多跳扩展以改善定位比率,并加入场强加权过程和去中心化过程以提高定位精度。通过仿真实验分析可以看到,与原始质心算法相比,此质心定位算法的平均定位误差可下降一半左右,并使节点密度较低情况下的定位比率提高至接近1。     

基于三角形理论的无线传感器网络定位算法

针对基于垂直平分线的区域定位算法(MBLA)存在定位精度低、迭代次数多的缺点,提出了基于三角形理论的区域定位算法(TBLA)。该算法以参与定位的两个锚节点连线作为一条边,以待定位节点与这两个锚节点的RSSI测距值作为另两条边构造三角形,然后根据三角形的形状进行定位。仿真结果表明,在相同通信半径下,TBLA定位误差只是MBLA的1/5,迭代次数减少了2/3以上,具有较高的应用价值。     

一种无线传感器网络四边测距定位算法

根据RSSI测距特性,在三边测距定位的基础上,提出了基于RSSI值测距的四边测距定位算法,突破了三边测距定位的局限性。为进一步提高精度,采用了求质心和加权质心的方法,并用C++实现仿真比较,仿真结果表明:加权质心算法具有较高的精度,整个定位过程中节点间无需额外的通信开销,具有广泛的实用性。     

无线传感器网络网格定位算法

根据未知节点必定处于周围一跳锚节点通信半径范围内重叠区域内的基本事实,提出了基于非测距定位的分布式Intersection-Grid-Sector（IGS）定位算法。IGS算法以锚节点通信半径的10%作为网格大小来获取重叠区域,并把重叠区域的每个网格坐标求质心作为未知节点估计坐标的方法。仿真结果表明比Bounding Box精度明显提高,比经典质心提高近20%。     

A robust localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks

Most of the state-of-the-art localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to various kinds of location attacks, whereas secure localization schemes proposed so far are too complex to apply to power constrained WSNs. This paper provides a distributed robust localization algorithm called Bilateration that employs a unified way to deal with all kinds of location attacks as well as other kinds of information distortion caused by node malfunction or abnormal environmental noise. Bilateration directly calculates two candidate positions for every two heard anchors, and then uses the average of a maximum set of close-by candidate positions as the location estimation. The basic idea behind Bilateration is that candidate positions calculated from reasonable (i.e., error bounded) anchor positions and distance measurements tend to be close to each other, whereas candidate positions calculated from false anchor positions or distance measurements are highly unlikely to be close to each other if false information are not collaborated. By using ilateration instead of classical multilateration to compute location estimation, Bilateration requires much lower computational complexity, yet still retains the same localization accuracy. This paper also evaluates and compares Bilateration with three multilateration-based localization algorithms, and the simulation results show that Bilateration achieves the best comprehensive performance and is more suitable to real wireless sensor networks.     

A robust localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks

Most of the state-of-the-art localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to various kinds of location attacks, whereas secure localization schemes proposed so far are too complex to apply to power constrainedWSNs. This paper provides a distributed robust localization algorithm called Bilateration that employs a unified way to deal with all kinds of location attacks as well as other kinds of information distortion caused by node malfunction or abnormal environmental noise. Bilateration directly calculates two candidate positions for every two heard anchors, and then uses the average of a maximum set of close-by candidate positions as the location estimation. The basic idea behind Bilateration is that candidate positions calculated from reasonable (i.e., error bounded) anchor positions and distance measurements tend to be close to each other, whereas candidate positions calculated from false anchor positions or distance measurements are highly unlikely to be close to each other if false information are not collaborated. By using ilateration instead of classical multilateration to compute location estimation, Bilateration requires much lower computational complexity, yet still retains the same localization accuracy. This paper also evaluates and compares Bilateration with three multilateration-based localization algorithms, and the simulation results show that Bilateration achieves the best comprehensive performance and is more suitable to real wireless sensor networks.     

无线传感器网络节点定位算法的研究

无线传感器网络的许多应用都是基于节点的位置信息。传感器网络由于节点数量巨大,资源十分有限,全部节点都采用GPS定位设备是不适宜的。介绍了利用2个锚节点定位的DV-Hop算法。仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于移动节点的无线传感器网络定位算法

节点定位技术是无线传感器网络应用的重要支撑技术之一,为了提高定位算法的准确性,提出了一种基于移动目标节点的两步定位算法。该算法利用一个移动目标节点遍历整个网络,并周期性地广播包含自身当前位置的信息。而传感器节点的自身定位过程则可用基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的目标跟踪方法实现。由于所用的目标状态模型和量测模型有一定的不确定性,所以先选取不共线的3个拥有RSSI测距能力的目标节点信息,利用Euclidean定位法提高滤波的初始位置精度,从而改善定位效果。通过仿真、分析和比较该目标节点在多种移动轨迹情况下的定位误差,这种两步定位法可以改善对目标节点移动轨迹的特殊要求的限制,能取得较好的定位精度,而且更适合于实际情况。     

一种无线传感器网络环境自适应的定位算法*

针对基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)的加权质心定位算法,研究了实际环境中节点的RSSI特性,利用加权多项式法在线拟合出信标节点间距离和接收信号功率的关系,从而不需要计算实际环境中信号衰减因子等参数而实现节点间测距,将估算的距离转换为合适的权值,再结合质心算法实现定位。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法具有更好的定位精度和更强的环境自适应性。     

无线传感器网络局部协同定位算法

针对无线传感器网络中距离定位算法精度和覆盖率低的问题,提出了局部协同定位算法(LCLA)。该算法通过对节点路径损耗指数的局部计算,将通信中受到环境或者障碍物影响的锚节点判定为无效锚节点;同时引入协同定位思想,将满足误差要求的已定位节点升级为锚节点,并参与其他未知节点的定位,以提高定位的覆盖率。节点定位时,若收到多个锚节点信号,优先选取初始的有效锚节点对其进行定位;当有效锚节点个数不足以定位时,再选取升级后的锚节点,以减少累积误差,提高定位精度。仿真结果表明,局部协同定位算法在定位覆盖率和精度方面优于改进的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)定位算法、多维尺度分析(MDS-MAP)算法和协作定位算法。     

无线传感器网络中一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法

针对无线传感器网络中DV Hop定位算法在未知节点到信标节点距离计算中的不足，提出了一种改进算法。该算法考虑了未知节点到信标节点路径中相邻三个节点A, B, C组成的夹角∠ABC对距离的影响，根据与B相邻的A, C节点的邻节点集重叠度估算夹角的大小，从而更精确计算出距离，提高定位精度。     

无线传感器网络选择性DV-Hop定位算法

针对传统的矢量跳距(DV-Hop)定位算法平均定位误差大的问题,提出了一种具有选择性的改进DV-Hop定位算法。该算法首先剔除长距离信标节点信息,更新最小跳数与平均每跳距离,再次根据信标节点的实际距离和估计距离的误差进一步修正平均每跳距离。仿真结果表明:选择性DV-Hop定位算法能有效地减小平均定位误差,适应各种网络。     

A cellular learning automata-based deployment strategy for mobile wireless sensor networks

One important problem which may arise in designing a deployment strategy for a wireless sensor network is how to deploy a specific number of sensor nodes throughout an unknown network area so that the covered section of the area is maximized. In a mobile sensor network, this problem can be addressed by first deploying sensor nodes randomly in some initial positions within the area of the network, and then letting sensor nodes to move around and find their best positions according to the positions of their neighboring nodes. The problem becomes more complicated if sensor nodes have no information about their positions or even their relative distances to each other. In this paper, we propose a cellular learning automata-based deployment strategy which guides the movements of sensor nodes within the area of the network without any sensor to know its position or its relative distance to other sensors. In the proposed algorithm, the learning automaton in each node in cooperation with the learning automata in the neighboring nodes controls the movements of the node in order to attain high coverage. Experimental results have shown that in noise-free environments, the proposed algorithm can compete with the existing algorithms such as PF, DSSA, IDCA, and VEC in terms of network coverage. It has also been shown that in noisy environments, where utilized location estimation techniques such as GPS-based devices and localization algorithms experience inaccuracies in their measurements, or the movements of sensor nodes are not perfect and follow a probabilistic motion model, the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of network coverage.     

A color-theory-based energy efficient routing algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with nodes spreading in a target area have abilities of sensing, computing, and communication. Since the GPS device is expensive, we used a small number of fixed anchor nodes that are aware of their locations to help estimate the locations of sensor nodes in WSNs. To efficiently route sensed data to the destination (the server), identifying the location of each sensor node can be of great help. We adopted a range-free color-theory based dynamic localization (CDL) [Shen-Hai Shee, Kuochen Wang, I.L. Hsieh, Color-theory-based dynamic localization in mobile wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of Workshop on Wireless, Ad Hoc, Sensor Networks, August 2005] approach, to help identify the location of each sensor node. Since sensor nodes are battery-powered, we propose an efficient color-theory-based energy efficient routing (CEER) algorithm to prolong the life time of each sensor node. The uniqueness of our approach is that by comparing the associated RGB values among neighboring nodes, we can efficiently choose a better routing path with energy awareness. Besides, the CEER has no topology hole problem. Simulation results have shown that our CEER algorithm can save up to 50–60% energy than ESDSR [Mohammed Tarique, Kemal E. Tepe, Mohammad Naserian, Energy saving dynamic source routing for ad hoc wireless networks, in: Proceedings of Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks, April 2005, pp. 305–310] in mobile wireless sensor networks. In addition, the latency per packet of CEER is 50% less than that of ESDSR.     

无线传感器网络APIT定位算法

无线传感器网络节点定位机制的研究中,基于距离无关的定位技术得到快速发展,其中基于重叠区域的APIT定位算法在实际环境下定位精度高,被广泛研究和应用.对APIT定位算法及其改进措施进行了总结,并给出性能比较结果.     

基于簇首移动的无线传感器网络路由算法

以往的无线传感器网络分簇算法中,簇首位置固定无法移动,缺乏针对网络实时变化的灵活性,在均衡网络节点能量消耗的问题上存在着缺陷。鉴于此,提出一种簇首移动的无线传感器网络路由算法（MCHCA）。MCHCA算法将簇首设置为移动节点,通过网络区域大小及节点传输半径确定合理的移动簇首数目;根据簇内成员的位置坐标和剩余能量的信息,确定簇首每轮所需移动到的最佳位置;移动簇首收集簇内成员的数据并将其融合,传递给Sink节点。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地均衡网络节点负载的能耗,提高了网络的生命周期。     

一种基于APIT的无线传感器网络混合型定位算法

针对现有近似三角形内点测试（ APIT）算法在信标节点密集环境下定位精度不高、稀疏环境下覆盖率较低的问题,提出了一种混合型定位算法。该算法通过减小三角形内点测试（ PIT）时的三角形误判、选择优良的三角形,提高了信标节点密集环境下的定位精度。同时,该算法结合DV-Hop算法与两点定位法在稀疏环境下能计算出未知节点坐标的优点,提高了信标节点稀疏环境下的定位覆盖率。仿真分析表明：混合型算法有效地提高了信标节点密集环境下的定位精度和信标节点稀疏环境下的定位覆盖率。