硫铝酸盐水泥的膨胀性能对固井一界面胶结强度的影响

硫铝酸盐水泥是一种具有微膨胀特性的新型固井材料,同时具有抗渗性好、耐久性持久、强度高等优点。为深入了解硫铝酸盐水泥的膨胀性能对其固井一界面胶结强度的影响,本文利用XRD分析硫铝酸盐水泥的水化进程及水化产物;通过三轴岩石力学测试系统,测定硫铝酸盐水泥石的膨胀特性以及一界面的力学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜观察硫铝酸盐水泥石一界面的微观形貌。分析结果表明:硫铝酸盐水泥的微膨胀特性可通过化学预应力的产生提高固井一界面的胶结强度,当龄期为1 d、3 d、7 d时,其一界面胶结强度比G级水泥浆分别提高了24.3%、20.1%和25.3%。微观机理表明套管表面分布着大量的铝元素和钙元素,形成结构较为密实的界面,有利于固井质量的提高。     

硫铝酸盐水泥的膨胀性能对固井一界面胶结强度的影响#br#

硫铝酸盐水泥是一种具有微膨胀特性的新型固井材料，同时具有抗渗性好、耐久性持久、强度高等优点。为深入了解硫铝酸盐水泥的膨胀性能对其固井一界面胶结强度的影响，本文利用XRD分析硫铝酸盐水泥的水化进程及水化产物；通过三轴岩石力学测试系统，测定硫铝酸盐水泥石的膨胀特性以及一界面的力学性能；采用扫描电子显微镜观察硫铝酸盐水泥石一界面的微观形貌。分析结果表明：硫铝酸盐水泥的微膨胀特性可通过化学预应力的产生提高固井一界面的胶结强度，当龄期为1d、3d、7d时，其一界面胶结强度比G级水泥浆分别提高了24.3%、20.1%和25.3%。微观机理表明套管表面分布着大量的铝元素和钙元素，形成结构较为密实的界面，有利于固井质量的提高。     

钢渣-粉煤灰-硅灰复合改性剂对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

为调节硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间,提升其抗压强度,以钢渣、粉煤灰及硅灰部分取代硫铝酸盐水泥,基于曲面响应法(RSM)进行实验设计,研究各因素对硫铝酸盐水泥初、终凝时间和28 d抗压强度的影响并给出相应的机理分析,得到在改性剂复掺时硫铝酸盐水泥28 d强度的最优配比并对相应的配合比进行实验验证.结果表明:三种改性剂复掺可延长硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间;硫铝酸盐水泥28 d强度的最优配比为钢渣取代率5％、粉煤灰取代率14.11％、硅灰取代率6％,改性后硫铝酸盐水泥强度得到显著提升.     

稠油热采条件下矿渣对磷铝酸盐水泥石耐高温性影响研究

针对硅酸盐水泥石经热力采油后耐高温性能急剧衰退的问题.采用具备更好耐高温特性的磷铝酸盐水泥,但是磷铝酸盐水泥高温后的抗压强度仍存在一定的衰退的问题,实验通过在磷铝酸盐水泥中掺入矿渣改善磷铝酸盐水泥石耐高温特性并采用XRD及SEM测试手段分析机理.结果表明:加入矿渣不仅有利于水泥石低温强度的发展,而且能够明显改善磷铝酸盐水泥石的耐高温特性;矿渣加入后C2ASH8的形成有利于水泥石低温下的强度发展,C3AS2 H2的形成有利于水泥石高温后的强度发展,同时,为提高水泥石的耐高温特性应尽量避免高温后C3 ASH4的生成.加入矿渣后的水泥石经高温养护后晶体结构发育良好,排列致密,从而使得水泥石具有良好的抗高温性能,进而有利于改善水泥环的完整性.     

硫铝酸盐水泥改性的研究进展

硫铝酸盐水泥是目前广泛关注的重要低碳水泥品种,然而,该水泥生产成本较高,存在凝结时间不易调控,后期强度发展缓慢等问题.从改善硫铝酸水泥的性能的角度出发,分析了调凝剂、掺合料、纳米材料对硫铝酸盐水泥水化、凝结时间、强度等性能的影响以及存在的问题.最后提出如果能够优化各种掺加材料的改性效果,将对硫铝酸盐水泥在工程实践中的推广和应用具有重要的现实意义.     

矿渣对铝酸盐水泥石性能影响的研究

铝酸盐水泥在混凝土工程中具备良好的耐高温性能,但因其在低温下具有温度敏感性,限制了其在固井工程中的应用.实验以铝酸盐水泥为主材进行矿物熟料优选复配,运用矿渣对铝酸盐水泥进行改良,并采用XRD、SEM和热分析等试验手段对作用机理进行分析.试验结果表明:矿渣可有效地改善铝酸盐水泥强度发展存在温度敏感区间的缺点,且能提高水泥石高温后的抗压强度以及长期耐温性能.低温下生成的水化钙铝黄长石(C2ASH8)可有效提高铝酸盐水泥石的强度发展,高温生成的C3AS2 H2和C3ASH4结晶度高,AlO(OH)填充在晶体的空隙当中,使得水泥水化产物结构紧密,水泥石力学性能长期稳定、耐温性能良好.     

低掺量硫铝酸盐水泥对大掺量粉煤灰净浆体系的水化行为研究

基于粉煤灰掺量为60%与70%的净浆体系,掺入少量硫铝酸盐水泥,研究硫铝酸盐水泥掺量对该体系早期水化行为的影响。结果表明：在大掺量粉煤灰净浆体系中,掺入低于8%的硫铝酸盐水泥,凝结时间大为缩短,净浆体系抗压强度没有明显降低。     

用磷石膏制备贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥

本文尝试用云南当地不同企业产生磷石膏替代天然石膏作为原料,烧制贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.研究结果表明:在烧成温度为1250℃,保温时间为150 min,外掺石膏量为12％的条件下,可以烧制得到初凝时间约30 min,终凝时间约60 min,28 d抗压强度在49 MPa左右的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.用磷石膏烧制成的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥与用普通石膏烧制的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥性质几乎相同,甚至在强度发展上还要优于后者.用未经水洗处理磷石膏烧制水泥的凝结时间比用经水洗处理过磷石膏烧制的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间都要短.     

AFm阴离子类型对硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物钙矾石稳定性的影响

钙矾石是硫铝酸盐水泥主要水化产物之一,其稳定性对水泥性能影响很大。将碳酸钙、硝酸钙或亚硝酸钠按不同掺量加入硫铝酸盐水泥,并研究了它们对水泥水化、线性膨胀率和抗压强度等影响。结果表明,掺入这3种物质后可生成相应的阴离子单取代水化铝酸钙(AFm);含硝酸钙或亚硝酸钠净浆线性膨胀率均高于纯硫铝酸盐水泥净浆;含有这3种物质的水泥砂浆56 d龄期抗压强度均高于纯硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆。碳酸钙、硝酸钙或亚硝酸钠可提高硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物钙矾石的稳定性,从而提升水泥性能,其中硝酸钙和亚硝酸钠效果较佳。     

矿渣对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化硬化过程的影响

通过对水泥力学性能、水化速率和水泥硬化浆体孔结构的测定,结合XRD、SEM分析,研究了矿渣对阿利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化硬化过程的影响。研究结果表明:掺入矿渣后,水泥的早期强度下降幅度较大,但后期强度下降幅度较小。在试验掺量范围内,当矿渣掺量为20%时,该水泥各龄期抗压强度下降幅度最小,其后期抗压强度接近纯熟料水泥;加入矿渣后,水泥水化热明显降低,矿渣在受到碱激发与硫铝酸盐双重激发作用下发生二次水化反应,使水泥水化速率有一定增加而出现第三个放热峰;矿渣二次水化反应有效地改善了硬化水泥浆体的孔结构,使水泥后期强度逐渐增加。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。