矿渣微晶玻璃热处理制度的优化设计

以白云鄂博矿二次选后尾矿、粉煤灰和石灰石为主要原料,采用熔融法制得矿渣微晶玻璃.利用正交实验方法研究了热处理工艺参数对矿渣微晶玻璃抗弯强度的影响,得到影响因素的主次顺序为:晶化时间＞核化温度＞晶化温度＞核化时间,确定最优热处理制度为:核化温度700℃,核化时间2h;晶化温度850℃,晶化化时间2h.并利用XRD、SEM、EDS检测手段对制得的微晶玻璃显微结构进行了分析.     

煤矸石制备堇青石微晶玻璃的研究

以煤矸石、工业氧化铝、菱镁矿、SiO2为原料,以TiO2为晶核剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了堇青石微晶玻璃.主要工艺过程是制定基础玻璃配方、玻璃的熔融和基础玻璃的不同热处理工艺.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了材料的物相组成和显微结构.800℃下核化时间对物相的形成没有明显影响,最佳的热处理工艺为:核化时间3h,核化温度800 ℃;晶化时间4h,晶化温度1200℃.     

热处理工艺对高炉矿渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

以某高炉矿渣为主要原料,采用熔融法制备了CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系矿渣微晶玻璃。研究了热处理工艺对矿渣微晶玻璃力学性能的影响,得出热处理工艺影响因素的先后顺序为:核化温度-核化时间-晶化时间-晶化温度,确定最佳热处理工艺为:770℃核化3 h,930℃晶化2 h,在此热工艺条件下制备的微晶玻璃抗弯强度最大,为153.67 MPa。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)测试方法分析了矿渣微晶玻璃的显微结构和晶体微观结构。     

利用垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣制备微晶玻璃

垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣经核化、晶化两步处理制备微晶玻璃,采用差热分析法研究了基础玻璃的晶化行为,考察了晶化时间对微晶玻璃微观结构及理化特性的影响。结果表明:基础玻璃的晶化指数为1.48,以表面析晶为主,其最佳热处理制度为:核化温度679℃、核化时间1.5h、晶化温度985℃、晶化时间1.5h。微晶玻璃的主晶相为透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)_2O_6和少量普通辉石Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)-(Si,Al)_2O_6,在最佳热处理条件下制得的微晶玻璃具有较高的抗弯强度、硬度、韧性及耐酸碱性等性能,有替代天然建材的潜力。     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的热处理工艺对其介电性能的影响

本文制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃,用XRD、DTA等方法对该系统微晶玻璃材料的析晶过程进行研究,通过正交试验,讨论了热处理温度及时间对微晶玻璃介电性能的影响.结果表明通过热处理工艺来控制晶相的析出,可以使样品的介电常数和介电损耗符合要求.获得较小介电常数的热处理制度为核化温度750℃,核化时间1h,晶化温度1100℃,晶化时间1.5h,所获得的微晶玻璃的介电常数为6.13,介电损耗4.22×10-3+可作为绝缘体等微波介质材料使用.     

阳极键合用Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃电学性能

采用合适的组分和二步热处理法制备了热膨胀系数与硅片匹配的Li2O-Al2O2-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃,并在满足键合所要求的热膨胀系数的基础上,通过调节成分和控制热处理制度,研究了微晶玻璃的导电和介电性能.结果表明:采用不同的热处理制度进行晶化处理,LAS微晶玻璃的主晶相均为β-锂辉石;607℃核化、980℃晶化时间均为3 h样品的热膨胀系数为31.16 ×10℃-1(200～400℃),与硅片热膨胀系数较接近;微晶玻璃的电阻率大于基础玻璃,且随温度的升高电阻率吴下降趋势;改变核化和晶化时间,在150～360℃范围内其电阻率变化不大;微晶玻璃的介电常数和介电损耗均小于基础玻璃,更适宜作为电子器件的绝缘封装材料.     

热处理工艺对钡硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷结构的影响

在钡硼硅酸盐体系玻璃中加入总含量为45wt%的CaO、TiO_2和ZrO_2作为晶核剂,采用熔融热处理工艺制备钙钛锆石基玻璃陶瓷。利用DTA、XRD和SEM等分析手段研究了热处理工艺对玻璃陶瓷晶相和显微结构的影响。DTA分析表明,SiO_2-B_2O_3-BaO-Na_2O-CaO-ZrO_2-TiO_2体系基础玻璃的玻璃转变温度T_g在738℃附近,在815℃和970℃附近出现了宽化的放热峰。XRD和SEM结果表明,当核化温度和晶化温度分别为780℃和1000℃时,钙钛锆石晶体含量较多,晶粒较小且分布较均匀。当晶化温度低于1000℃时出现了少量的氧化锆峰。     

粉煤灰微晶玻璃制备工艺研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用烧结法制备出微晶玻璃.利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)确定了核化温度和晶化温度.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究微晶玻璃的物相组成和显微结构.通过研究晶化温度和晶化时间对微晶玻璃性能的影响,发现在828℃晶化2h、960℃晶化3h时,微晶玻璃的性能最好,其抗弯强度、显微硬度分别达到119 MPa和597 MPa.     

高炉渣含量与热处理制度对矿渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

运用DTA、XRD和SEM等现代分析技术对CaO(MgO)-Al2O3-SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃的核化晶化温度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析，探讨了高炉渣引入量和热处理制度的影响。试验结果表明，当高炉渣加入量为45wt％时，主晶相为普通辉石(CaSiO3)和透辉石(CaMg(SiO3)2)，材料结构均匀致密，性能良好。本文适宜的热处理工艺参数为：退火温度670℃；核化温度850℃，晶化温度970℃，各保温1h。     

高炉渣含量与热处理制度对矿渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

运用DTA、XRD和SEM等现代分析技术对CaO(MgO)—A12O3—SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃的核化晶化温度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析，探讨了高炉渣引入量和热处理制度的影响。实验结果表明，当高炉渣加入量为45％时，主晶相为普通辉石(CaSiO3)和透辉石(CaMg(SiO3)2)，材料结构均匀致密，性能良好。此实验的热处理工艺参数为：退火温度670℃；核化温度850℃，晶化温度970℃，各保温1h。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。