错排射流冲击受限短通道内流场的实验研究

用五孔针对简化后的涡轮叶片错排射流冲击受限短通道流场进行了详细的测量,着重研究受限通道内各截面的流动规律,以及射流孔错排布置、出流孔、通道高度比和射流雷诺数对通道流动特性的影响。实验结果表明:通道高度比的变化会显著改变通道内的流场结构;在同一高度比下,射流雷诺数变化对流场结构的影响很小;出流孔的抽吸作用使附近气流加速并在通道内出流孔位置形成一局部低速区;受错排射流诱导及冲击靶面后壁面射流反卷通道内形成漩涡,使高速气流向通道侧壁甚至孔板面集中,该结果有助于深入了解错排射流受限通道内冲击冷却的内在机理。     

突片射流传热和混合特性的研究进展

介绍了突片对传热和混合特性的影响,综合论述国内外突片射流传热和混合特性实验研究以及数值模拟的发展与现状.分析了突片激励作用下流向涡的产生和发展现状、突片对下游流场核心区的影响和喷嘴出口速度变化的特点,揭示了突片对传热和混合效果增强的机理.     

同轴射流突片激励混合的数值研究

通过数值方法对同轴射流的突片激励混合特性进行研究,分析了突片数目、突片顶角和安装角对同轴射流混合过程的流向涡和温度分布的影响. 研究结果表明,突片的激励作用使得同轴射流之间的混合流在突片对应位置下游形成阵列涡对,导致温度分布等值线发生“指型”局部变形,增强了两股气流之间的混合. 随着突片数目的增加,单个突片诱导的流向涡强度和影响范围存在较大的差异,过多的突片数导致相邻涡对的“挤压”,流向涡的强度有很大的减弱; 在相同的堵塞比下,突片顶角为90°时或安装角为30°时,单个突片诱导的流向涡强度和作用范围均体现最为显著,从而有利于改善同轴射流的混合程度.     

平板气膜冷却孔中心线上绝热效率的实验研究

以优化冷却孔射流角度和射流参数为主要实验目的,将平板气膜冷却作为研究对象,应用红外热像仪作为温度监测手段,研究不同角度的简单和带有复合角的复杂圆形孔射流对平板中心线上气膜冷却绝热效率的影响。在吹风比分别为M=0．5、1．0、1．5时,实验研究了简单圆形孔射流角度α=35、60、90°和带复合角β=15、60、90°圆形孔的不同排列下平板中心线上气膜冷却的绝热效率。结果表明：在简单孔情况下,射流角α=35°时绝热效率较好,带复合角情况下,β=90°时较高。双排布置时绝热效率比单排的要高很多,其中插排最佳。     

有射流冲击的短扰流柱排内柱面的传热实验研究

对前缘上游有单排孔板射流冲击的涡轮叶片内扰流柱通道柱面进行了详细的传热实验研究 ,获得了不同实验条件下扰流柱表面的局部换热系数分布 ,结合流场测量结果分析了柱面换热规律。结果表明换热系数分布很大程度上受射流冲击的影响 ,在扰流柱前缘附近存在高强度换热区域 ,沿柱面随角度的增加努谢尔特数逐渐减小 ,角度 θ为 90°附近存在一片低强度换热区域 ,尾缘区换热强度最低。结果还表明尽管平均努谢尔特数随雷诺数的增大而显著增大 ,平均换热强化系数却随雷诺数的增加先增大而后逐渐减小。有射流冲击的柱面换热效果明显优于无射流冲击情况。     

入射角和射流孔位置对气膜冷却的影响

采用标准k-ε两方程湍流模型对前缘上游不同入射角、不同位置孔排的涡轮叶栅通道的温度场进行了数值模拟,结果表明:对于不同入射角,90°入射角时冷却效果最差;对于不同孔排位置,孔排1的冷却效果差于孔排2和孔排3,但是差别不大;对于双排射流孔,在X/D=9之前的区域,2、3排孔的冷却效果最好,1、3排孔的冷却效果最差,在X/D=9之后的区域,1、3排孔的冷却效果最好,2、3排孔的冷却效果最差。     

复合角及排列方式对平板气膜冷却效果影响的实验研究

在回流风洞实验段中,以平板气膜冷却作为研究对象,运用红外热像技术监测沿主流流向不同横向截面的平板壁面温度分布,对比分析横向气膜冷却绝热效率。结果显示:采用30°流向倾角,普遍存在小吹风比工况较大吹风比工况有更优横向气膜冷却绝热效率的现象;复合角的存在可以改变射流流场,提高横向冷却绝热效率;排孔布置有利于提高平板整体冷却绝热效率,并且插排可以有效避免热应力集中。     

Al-水纳米流体冲击射流流动换热特性研究

实验以Al-水纳米流体为工质对冲击射流冷却系统的综合性能进行了研究,主要研究了纳米流体与水在不同流速、不同射流条件下冲击射流的换热效率并分析了对于分散剂对射流工质影响。结果表明:对于添加了纳米流体的冲击射流冷却系统,射流换热效率得到显著提高,但对于系统的压降并没有很大的改变。对比不同的射流条件:存在一个特定的射流高度,使换热系数达到最大值;换热面的形式对冲击射流有着明显影响,内弧面换热面可以有效提高冲击射流的换热系数。     

基于流固耦合的涡轮叶顶喷气冷却特性研究

高温燃气在涡轮动叶叶顶产生的泄漏流不但降低了涡轮效率,更是加剧了叶顶的热负荷. 本文基于实验模型,采用流固耦合的数值计算方法,研究了涡轮凹槽叶顶的间隙流与冷却射流相互作用的流动机理以及顶部喷气冷却对凹槽壁面换热效果的影响,重点分析了吹风比、冷却孔倾斜角、冷却孔进气角以及固体材料导热系数对壁面Nu数的影响. 结果表明: 大吹风比（M=1.5）能有效改善凹槽近压力面一侧肋条及底部的换热,Nu数分布更加均匀；进气角产生的“喷射效应”改变了冷却气流高速区的出口相对位置,当进气角大于0°时,冷却气体能有效阻隔高温流体使壁面Nu数降低；低导热系数材料降低了气流对固体壁面的对流换热,使得壁面的对流换热更加均匀.      

家用燃气灶具冲击射流换热的实验研究

灶具强化冲击射流换热是燃气灶烟气与锅底换热的一部分。采用实验方法研究了燃气灶具中的冲击射流换热过程,主要考察了冲击射流雷诺数Re(400≤Re≤1 000)、无量纲喷嘴高度H/D(2≤H/D≤10)、无量纲喷嘴间距X_n/D(4≤X_n/D≤15)对局部以及平均对流换热系数的影响规律。结果表明:对流换热系数h随冲击射流雷诺数的增大而增大,随着无量纲喷嘴高度增大而减小,平均对流换热系数h_(avg)随着无量纲喷嘴间距X_n/D的增大而减小。拟合出圆孔阵列中心孔局部努塞尔数Nu的实验关联式Nu=f(Re,Pr,H/D,X_n/D),回归结果与实际测量值偏差在15%以内。     

Study of coupled effect of impingement jet cooling of kerosene with solid structure

Characteristics of flow and heat transfer of kerosene impingement jets were studied numerically. The coupled effect of heat transfer of fluid and structure was investigated. Numerical simulation of fluid flow shows that compared to convective heat transfer of kerosene flow in cooling channels, impingement jet cooling significantly enhances heat transfer ability. At the same time, the pressure loss is below one atmospheric pressure. Both stress and strain of high temperature nickle-based alloy structure were analyzed with typical thermal loading and impingement cooling effect. The numerical results show that temperature distribution in the hot surface of the solid structure is relatively uniform and far below the maximum allowable temperature of the alloy material. The strength analysis shows that both stress and strain of the solid structure meet the material requirements.     

Experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement of mist/air impingement jet

The heat transfer performance of a mist/air jet impingement on a constant-heat flux surface was experimentally investigated.Two objectives were outlined in the current study.The first objective is to assess the effects of mist/air volumetric flow rate ratio,impinging mode and heat flux on the heat transfer characteristics of free mist/air jet impingement.The second objective is to assess the effect of swirl flow induced by the spinning grinding wheel on the mist/air jet impingement,simulating the heat transfer process on a grinding work-piece surface subjected to the mist/air jet impingement.The results show that the addition of dilute water droplets to air flow results in significant heat transfer enhancement.Once the mist/air ratio is increased to a certain value,the increase of heat transfer with the mist/air ratio becomes slow.For a given mist/air ratio,as the increase of heat flux,the contribution of droplet evaporation to the overall heat transfer is weakened relatively,resulting in a decrease of heat transfer enhancement in comparison to the lower heat flux case.The heat transfer coefficient in the stagnation region for the oblique jet is much lower than the normal mist/air jet impingement,while in the region away from the stagnation,the local heat transfer coefficient for the oblique jet is higher than the normal jet.As regards as the mist/air jet impingement in the vicinity of grinding zone is concerned,when the jet impinging direction is consistent with the rotating direction of rotating disk,the swirl flow induced by the rotating disk could entrain more droplets to enter the jet impinging stagnation zone,which is beneficial to convective heat transfer enhancement.Furthermore,as the rotational speed of disk increases,the temperature deceases in impinging jet stagnation zone.     

单束圆形射流冲击在小尺寸加热面上的局部换热特性

实验研究了液体射流垂直冲击在加热竖直小壁面上的局部换热特性,在Re_d=4.04×10~3～1.37×10~4范围内,驻点换热可以用方程 Nu_d=1.29P_r~m·Re_d~(0.5)表示,对于湍流,势流核心长度L/d与速度无关,L/d=5,建议势流核心外驻点Nu与Z/d的关系用 Nu_d/Nu_(max)=[(L/d)/(Z/d)]~(0.5)表示,势流核心区内换热系数的径向分布用以下方程表示: 驻点区:Nu_d/Nu_(max)=(r/d)~(-0.5)tanh~(0.5)(0.88r/d) 壁面射流区:Nu_d/Nu_(max)=0.348Re_(d,u_0)~(n-0.5)·(r/d)~(-1.25)实验比较了自由射流与浸没射流的换热效果,发现驻点及径向分布结果相同,喷距的影响有差别。     

Experimental study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of synthetic jet driven by piezoelectric actuator

To investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a synthetic jet driven by piezoelectric actuator, experimental investigation utilizing particle image veloci- metry, hot-wire anemometer and infrared camera was carried out. The results show that: (1) At the jet orifice exit, pairs of vortexes are generated, broken down and merged together periodically, forming a steady jet within a several slot width from distance near the orifice exit. And during the development, the synthetic jet spreads rapidly along the minor axis direction of the orifice. While along the major axis direction, the synthetic jet contracts firstly and then spreads slowly. (2) Exci- tation frequency forced on the actuator has a great effect on the synthetic jet flow field. There are two resonance frequencies at which the mean velocity and vorticity of the synthetic jet are maximized, especially at the higher resonance frequency. The resonance frequency values obtained by the experiment are lower than the theoretical values. (3) Similarly to the common jet impingement, the convective heat transfer coefficients at the target surface impinged by the synthetic jet also take on up-down tendency varying with the jet-to-surface spacing increment. But the jet-to-surface spacing ratio for optimum cooling achievement is greater and the cooling action region is wider than the former, indicating that the synthetic jet in- troduces a stronger entrainment and more vigorous penetration in the surrounding fluid.     

Numerical simulation of circular jet impinging on hot steel plate

Flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of an axisymmetric circular jet impinging on a hot 1Crl8Ni9Ti medium plate have been simulated numerically using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code. The relation between flow field of jet impingement and its heat transfer capability is analyzed, and the phenomenon that heat transfer at stagnation point is smaller than that of points directly around is discussed. The simulation result provides boundary conditions for thermal analysis of medium plate quenching.     

水雾/蒸汽相变冲击冷却的数值模拟

利用ANSYS-CFX软件对T.Wang等人实验研究的水雾/蒸汽相变冲击冷却系统进行了数值模拟.并与蒸汽单相冲击冷却数值计算结果进行比较,数值研究水雾对冷却的强化作用.相变计算过程中,蒸汽作为连续相,直径为5 μm的水滴作为离散相;水滴在接近高温壁面过程中吸收汽化潜热,发生相变,变为水蒸气,以此达到强化冷却的作用.数值分析结果与实验数据比较接近,壁面加热热流为3 000 W/m2,加入4%浓度水滴的结果表明,由于水雾的作用在滞止点附近热传导系数比蒸汽单项冷却提高130%左右,在远离滞止点区域冷却效果减弱,在距离滞止区6倍喷射宽度时,冷却效果减少到可以忽略的水平;水滴的汽化吸收的热量对于冷却作用的贡献比较大.     

Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of microcapsule phase change material suspension in array jet impingement

A closed-loop experimental system is established to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of microcapsule phase change material (MEPCM) suspension in an array jet impingement. Eicosane with a melting peak at 40.8°C is used as the capsule core of the MEPCM particle. Five kinds of array-hole nozzles with the same hole cross-sectional area are employed to analyze the influence of critical parameters, including the nozzle hole number, hole spacing, impinging distance, and jet temperature. It shows that a 5% suspension may improve the heat transfer coefficient of the array jet by up to 23.5% compared with water. The heat transfer of an array jet is obviously stronger than that of a single jet, but too much hole number is not conducive because of the entrainment interference between adjacent jets. A larger hole spacing or smaller impinging distance may weaken the cross-flow accumulation on the impinged surface, thus enhancing the heat transfer capability. The heat transfer coefficient of the array jet presents a secondary peak value at the end of the jet-core region. The latent heat absorption of the capsule core results in superior heat transfer of the suspension compared to that of water only in a specific range of jet temperatures, the optimum of which is approximately 10°C lower relative to the peak melting temperature. In addition, the melt completion time of a single MEPCM particle and the critical flow rate of the suspension are predicted theoretically.

     

瞬态情况下的射流冲击沸腾传热特性的实验研究

研究了在膜态沸腾、过渡沸腾和临界热流密度处的传热特性。采用淬冷的方式在射流速度为2.5m/s以上,初始壁温约为700℃的情况下,得到了完整的沸腾曲线。从实验结果可以看出,沸腾曲线的位置向右偏移且形状发生了变化,q_(max)降低了一个数量级。     

液池内异种气体射流强化传热新方法的摄影研究

异种气体射流强化传热的新方法即使在“负温差的情况下也有很高的热流量发生。高速摄影实验装置进一步发展了这一试验研究。液池中气体喷射出的气泡形态以及生成频率和上升速度均用高速摄影记载了下来。本文用实验的结果对这一新的强化传热的特征作出了解释。