共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
咪唑型离子液体热物理性质测量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
利用自行搭建的热线法液体热导率和热扩散系数装置测试了两种咪唑型离子液体([C6mIm][BF4]和[C4mIm][BF4])在不同温度下的热导率和热扩散系数。根据文献报道的密度数据获得了样品的比热容。结果表明:两种离子液体的热导率与温度的相关性不大;两种阳离子结构相似的离子液体热扩散率相近, 热扩散率随温度的升高有明显的变化, 本文认为离子液体内部的离子动量分布与温度紧密相关, 离子间的动量交换随温度的升高而增加, 离子动量分布随温度升高逐渐趋于一致, 离子间碰撞产生的动量交换不再明显改变离子的动量, 导致热扩散率的变化随温度升高而减小。 相似文献
2.
3.
Thermal liners play a critical role in thermal protective performance for firefighter gear. Effective engineering of textile material is necessary to enhance this protective performance. A modified thermal protective erformance (TPP) tester was used to study the influence of incorporating aerogel and microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) in thermal liners (including a traditional thermal liner, phase‐change layer, and aerogel layer) and the relevant parameters associated with enhanced thermal liner performance. Two different phase‐transition temperature (45°C and 50°C) of MPCM were selected. The samples were exposed to a medium intensity radiation of 15 kW/m2 for 240 seconds, and a skin burn model was applied for second‐degree burn prediction. Given the selected, results showed that the best TPP in this study was achieved when the phase‐transition temperature of MPCM was 45°C and the layering order consisted of the traditional thermal layer (closest to heat source), followed by an aerogel layer, and a final MPCM layer. The predicted second‐degree burn time was 218.3 seconds and increased by 90% compared with only containing traditional thermal liner with a thickness of 5 mm. For all 3 materials contained in the thermal liner, the relationship between absorbed energy and predicted second‐degree skin burn time indicated that they had a remarkable negative linear correlation (R2 was 0.9792). The experimental data and predicted results were in good agreement, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9911. The findings provide a scientific basis for future textile engineering and a novel approach to improve TPP. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
正向渗透(FO)是一种以溶液自身渗透压作为推动力的膜分离技术。温度对溶液、膜的性质以及溶液与膜之间的相互作用有很大影响,进而影响FO的水通量。利用数值模拟与试验研究了温度对FO性能的影响。结果表明,当膜两侧等温时,FO水通量随着温度的升高而增大;当膜两侧不等温时,原液(FS)一侧温度的影响比提取液(DS)一侧更大,主要是因为温度升高降低了溶液黏度,强化了过膜扩散过程,而温度对DS渗透压的影响不明显。在不同温度条件下,FO水通量和热通量随流量的增大而增大,主要是由于流速的增大压缩膜表面的流体边界层,强化了传质和传热过程。 相似文献
9.
准确预测直流蒸汽发生器流动沸腾及蒸干对其设计、安全可靠运行极其重要。通过对B&W公司直流蒸汽发生器进行合理简化,引入两流体三流场数学模型及壁面热通量分区模型,分别进行基于常热通量和耦合传热的蒸汽发生器流动沸腾数值模拟。结果表明:蒸干发生时传热性能急剧下降,常热通量边界下壁温升高的幅度相当大(约300 K·m-1),而耦合传热边界下壁温飞升幅度约为25 K·m-1,与实际情形相一致;两种热边界中预热区会发生过冷沸腾,壁面处传热由液相对流换热、淬火换热和蒸发换热3部分构成,核态沸腾区蒸发换热为主要换热方式,同时伴随着液相对流换热和淬火换热,蒸干发生时淬火换热和蒸发换热全部降到0,在蒸干后传热区域换热方式为气相对流换热。 相似文献
10.
As part of an effort to characterize the uncertainties associated with heat flux measurements in a fire environment, an uncertainty analysis example was performed using measurement data from a room corner surface products test that followed the guidelines of ISO 9705. Equations to model the heat transfer at the surface of a Schmidt‐Boelter (thermopile) type total heat flux gauge were selected for use to calculate the incident radiative flux from a total heat flux measurement. The effects of the heat flux measurement uncertainty sources were evaluated by conducting an uncertainty propagation on the resulting equation for incident radiation. For the model equations and the example conditions selected, the free‐stream temperature estimate and the heat flux gauge calibration constant were determined to be major uncertainty contributors. The study demonstrates how to systematically identify major sources of uncertainty for the purpose of reducing total uncertainty and thereby enhancing experiment design. Published in 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
多层阻燃织物整体热防护性能初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了消防服用多层阻燃织物复合系统的整体热防护性及外层织物的阻燃性。将阻燃织物国产间位芳纶、杜邦NomexⅢ和芳纶3A面料与国产间位芳纶毡和阻燃棉布组合,模拟构成消防服的多层织物结构,通过垂直燃烧实验测试分析了阻燃外层织物的阻燃性能,通过热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能(TPP)实验测试分析了多层复合织物的整体热防护性能。实验结果表明:整体热防护性能最好的是国产间位芳纶织物、面密度200 g/m2的芳纶毡和阻燃棉布的组合,但最适宜用于消防服的是NomexⅢ织物、面密度200 g/m2的芳纶毡和阻燃棉布。 相似文献
12.
A new more insulated and faster responding plate thermometer (PT) is introduced, which has been developed for measurements particularly in air at ambient temperature. It is a cheaper and more practical alternative to water‐cooled heat flux meters (HFMs). The theory and use of PTs measuring incident radiation heat flux and adiabatic surface temperature are presented. Comparisons of measurements with PTs and HFMs are made. Finally, it is concluded that incident radiation in ambient air can be measured with HFMs as well as with the new insulated type of PT. In hot gases and flames, however, only PTs can be recommended. At elevated gas temperatures, convection makes measurements with HFMs difficult to interpret and use for calculations. However, they can be used in standard or well‐defined configurations for comparisons. 相似文献
13.
This paper reports measurements of local gas temperatures and wall incident radiant heat flux in an 80 MWe pulverized coal corner fired boiler. Spatially resolved gas temperatures were measured using a 4 m long, triply-shielded suction pyrometer and total wall radiation was determined with an ellipsoidal radiometer. The data include detailed wall radiant heat flux measurements made around the periphery of the boiler at six different elevations. Local gas temperature profiles were measured at four axial positions in the boiler, with special attention to the near-burner region. Boiler operational data and coal proximate, ultimate and particle size analyses are also reported. Local gas temperatures in the boiler reached a maximum of nearly 1800 K near the burners and decayed to 1250 K at a position just above the boiler nose. In the burner plane gas temperatures varied from 600 K near the wall to 1800 K at the centre of the flame. Wall incident radiant heat fluxes varied between 440 kW m− 2 in the near-burner region to 100 kW m− 2 near the boiler nose. The radiation transport to the wall was observed to vary substantially around the periphery of the boiler, especially in the near-burner regions. 相似文献
14.
15.
Ying Huang Haifeng Dong Xiangping Zhang Chunshan Li Suojiang Zhang 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2013,59(4):1348-1359
A new fragment contribution‐corresponding states (FC—CS) method based on the group contribution method and the corresponding states principle is developed to predict critical properties of ionic liquids (ILs). There are 46 fragments specially classified for ILs considering the ionic features of ILs, and the corresponding fragment increments are determined using the experimental density data. The accuracy of the developed method is verified indirectly via predicting density and surface tension of ILs. The results show that the FC—CS method is reasonable with an average absolute relative deviation less than 4%. With the calculated critical properties, corresponding states heat capacity (CSHC) and corresponding states thermal conductivity (CSTC) correlations are proposed to predict heat capacity and thermal conductivity of ILs, respectively. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental data. The proposed FC—CS method and the two corresponding states correlations are important for design, simulation, and analysis of new ionic liquid processes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1348–1359, 2013 相似文献
16.
散热器的散热性能是影响电子元件使用寿命与安全性的重要因素,热管以其空间尺寸小、冷却能力高、无需消耗动力等优点在高热流密度元件的散热技术领域得到广泛应用.文中总结了热管散热器整体结构设计的创新尤其是热管的不同排布和组合,研究了热管元件性能的提高包括热管内部吸液芯的改进、复杂结构吸液芯的制造,分析了纳米流体工质的引入对换热效果的强化,介绍了散热器热性能分析和参数优化的相关方法.通过分析总结国内外研究成果,提出了新概念热管散热器的结构设计、纳米流体理论模型及复合吸液芯的加工制造等方面的发展趋势与展望. 相似文献
18.
19.
新型曲线拟合法及在翅片管传热性能试验中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
引 言对于换热器的传热性能试验 ,往往需要得出换热面某一侧的对流换热系数及其换热规律 ,这就相应地需要根据换热器类型采用合适的试验方法 .一些学者针对具体的试件采用了各种形式的对流换热系数试验方法[1~ 3] ,但都存在各自的应用局限性 .曲线拟合法也是经常用到的一种方法[4 ,5] ,但常规的曲线拟合法或者存在较多的限定条件 ,或者拟合结果不太准确 .本文介绍的新型曲线拟合法限定条件少 ,拟合结果准确 ,试验方便 ,是一种行之有效的对流换热系数的试验方法 .1 新型曲线拟合法的原理1.1 一种简单的换热情形两种流体通过平壁进行热量… 相似文献
20.
复合中空热管能够有效解决普通重力热管换热设备的酸露点腐蚀问题,在回收低温烟气(<200℃)余热领域有重要的应用。建立了复合中空热管传热实验平台,对复合中空热管冷凝侧传热特性进行了实验研究。实验所用热管管长1080mm,不锈钢材质,工作介质为甲醇;热管蒸发侧和冷凝侧分别采用电加热和水冷却方式,K型热电偶被用于测量管壁温度和冷却水进出口温度,真空压力传感器测量管内蒸气饱和压力;研究了充液率(15%≤V+≤40%)和蒸发侧热流密度(9.48kW/m2≤q≤37.91kW/m2)对冷凝侧传热特性的影响。结果表明:当充液率为20%时,复合中空热管冷凝侧均温性能最好,冷凝侧换热系数最大,传热性能最佳;随着蒸发侧热流密度的增大,复合中空热管有效冷凝长度增大,冷凝侧换热系数增大。实验研究为工业应用提供了基础。 相似文献