一维ZnO纳米结构掺杂的研究进展

一维ZnO纳米结构,具有宽带隙半导体性、压电性、室温下大激子束缚能、各向异性、低维结构等特性,故被广泛深入地研究应用于诸多领域。采用各种途径生长的形貌丰富的一维ZnO纳米结构,被广泛应用于纳米发电机、太阳能电池、光电化学分解水、发光二极管、激光器、气体敏感器件、自旋电子器件等领域。然而,本征一维ZnO纳米结构还存在很多缺点,限制其应用范围。通过掺杂可以增强或赋予其某些特殊功能,近年来一维ZnO纳米结构掺杂引起研究者的极大关注。从掺杂类型的角度出发,综述了近年来国内外一维ZnO纳米结构掺杂方面的研究进展,包括n型、p型、稀磁半导体以及其它掺杂,讨论了一维ZnO纳米结构掺杂存在的主要问题,并对进一步研究与开发提出展望。     

掺杂氧化锌一维纳米结构的研究进展

氧化锌（ZnO）纳米结构的形态是已知纳米结构中最为多样的多功能材料之一，由于一维ZnO纳米结构在电子与光电子装置中如表面声波、光子晶体、光发射二极管、光电探测器、紫外激光器、生物／化学传感器、场效应晶体管等诸多领域均展现出其独特的物理化学性能，已经引起人们的极大研究热情．而选择不同元素掺杂为调节其电、光和磁性质提供了一种有效方法，对实际应用至关重要，因此一维纳米结构的掺杂日益成为研究和应用的焦点。按照掺杂方法和掺杂元素的不同，对目前ZnO一维纳米结构的掺杂进展进行了回顾，提出了掺杂工艺中存在的问题，并对其发展趋势及前景进行了展望。     

ZnO:Cd纳米棒的制备及其光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法制备了ZnO和不同Cd掺杂浓度的ZnO:Cd纳米棒。通过x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和拉曼光谱对ZnO:Cd纳米棒的结构和光学特性进行了系统研究。结果显示,样品为一维纳米棒结构,Cd的掺杂可以减小ZnO纳米棒的晶粒尺寸和光学带隙。利用分光光度计检测ZnO:Cd纳米棒对偶氮结构染料(甲基橙溶液)的光催化降解效率,结果表明Cd掺杂可以改善ZnO的光催化性能,掺杂浓度为16%时ZnO:Cd纳米棒对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率最高。     

ZIF-8衍生La掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒的制备及其气敏性能

以ZIF-8及La掺杂ZIF-8为前驱体,经高温煅烧制备ZnO及La掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒.研究了La掺杂对ZnO纳米颗粒的形貌、晶体结构及气敏性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对材料的微结构进行表征,结果表明:La掺杂有利于获得更小粒径的类球形纳米结构,但La掺杂未改变ZIF-8及衍生ZnO纳米结构的晶体结构....     

一维纳米ZnO阵列的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的应用研究进展

一维定向生长的纳米ZnO阵列具有较高的高温强度、硬度、优异的化学稳定性和物理化学特性,在气敏传感器、场发射、纳米结构染料敏化太阳能电池等方面有着广泛的应用.制备一维ZnO结构的方法多种多样,如水热法、化学气相沉积法、超声化学法等.综述并比较了一维纳米ZnO阵列的结构特点、生长机理、制备方法及其在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的应用进展和光电特性,分析了一维纳米ZnO阵列的光电传输机理及国内外研究现状、应用前景和发展趋势.     

准一维纳米结构ZnO的制备研究进展

准一维纳米结构ZnO因其优良的光电性质,在制作纳米电子器件和纳米光电子器件等许多领域表现出巨大的应用潜力.对准一维纳米结构ZnO在衬底上的制备生长方法、性质及衬底的影响作了简要的叙述.     

蒸气氧化法制备掺锑氧化锌纳米颗粒的研究

以不同摩尔比的Zn-Sb合金为原料,采用加热蒸发氧化-冷凝的方法在相同的试验条件下获得了纯的和Sb掺杂的ZnO纳米颗粒.纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和化学状态分别通过TEM、HRTEM、XRD和XPS进行了表征.通过TEM观察发现:随原料中Sb量的增加,颗粒形貌由纯ZnO的四针状纳米晶须逐渐变化为棒状、四方形和六方形的颗粒状.六方形纳米颗粒的HRTEM分析表明:颗粒是结晶完好的纤锌矿结构的单晶,(1100)晶面间距比文献报道的纯ZnO的数值大.XRD没有检测到Sb掺杂ZnO纳米颗粒除ZnO外的其它物相,但XPS分析确定了Sb元素存在于纳米颗粒中.讨论了四针状纳米ZnO的形成及Sb的存在对颗粒形态的影响.     

水热法制备掺铝氧化锌纳米棒阵列及其光学特性

采用水热法,在ZnO种子层上制备出不同Al掺杂量的ZnO纳米棒阵列薄膜,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、PL等检测手段对样品进行结构、形貌和发光性能分析.结果表明,纳米棒属于六方纤锌矿结构,具有垂直基底沿[002]方向生长的特征,PL谱上存在强的近紫外辐射峰.随着掺杂量的增加,纳米棒直径略有减小,近紫外辐射峰蓝移,强度先增加后减小,证明掺杂会形成非辐射中心,探讨了Al掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列的发光机理.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备一维ZnO纳米棒及其光学性能研究

以乙酸锌、草酸为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过在反应体系中添加不同类型的添加剂聚乙二醇-2000(PEG-2000)及三乙醇胺合成了一维ZnO纳米棒,考察了添加剂种类和数量对纳米ZnO形貌的影响。利用X-射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对纳米ZnO的形貌及晶体结构进行了表征,利用荧光分光光度计以及紫外分光光度计对纳米ZnO粒子的光致发光性能及光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明:在溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO的反应体系中,添加剂的种类和用量对纳米ZnO的形貌和晶粒尺寸有一定的影响。ZnO纳米棒的荧光强度受制备过程中添加剂的种类和用量影响;在纳米ZnO制备过程中增大三乙醇胺的添加比例,所得一维结构纳米ZnO的光催化性能显著提高。     

ZnO纳米棒的微波合成及Pt掺杂对其气敏性能的改善

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,CTAB为表面活性剂,微波加热到90℃,反应30min,成功制备了ZnO纳米棒.X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,产物是六方纤锌矿结构ZnO纳米棒,长度为1～5μm,直径为50～100nm左右.对ZnO纳米棒进行了Pt掺杂,并对掺杂前后的气敏性能进行了对比...     

Phonon spectra and magnetic behaviors of hydrothermally synthesized Sm-doped ZnO nanorods

Herein one-dimensional Sm-doped ZnO nanostructures have been successfully fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method at a low temperature of 90 °C. The effect of Sm doping on the microstructure, photoluminescence and magnetism of ZnO nanorods is also investigated. FE-SEM images show that the average diameter of the Sm-doped ZnO nanorods is obviously smaller than that of ZnO nanorods. Photoluminescence spectrum of Sm-doped ZnO nanorods shows a slightly red-shifted decrease of UV emission and an enhancement of photoluminescence performance of visible emission. Raman spectrum of Sm-doped ZnO nanorods reveals that the peak intensity corresponding to the E₂ high mode decreases significantly compared with that of the pure ZnO nanorods, indicating the restraint of crystallization. Room temperature ferromagnetism is observed from magnetization curves of both ZnO and Sm-doped ZnO nanorods. The increase of the saturation magnetization induced by the Sm doping in the ZnO nanorods reveals an association with the increase of oxygen vacancies and oxygen interstitials.     

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures

The wide-gap semiconductor ZnO with nanostructures such as nanoparticle, nanorod, nanowire, nanobelt, nanotube has high potential for a variety of applications. This article reviews the fundamentals of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures, including processing, structure, property, application and their processing-microstructure-property correlation. Various fabrication methods of the ZnO nanostructures including vapor-liquid-solid process, vapor-solid growth, solution growth, solvothermal growth, template-assisted growth and self-assembly are introduced. The characterization and properties of the ZnO nanostructures are described. The possible applications of these nanostructures are also discussed.     

一维ZnO纳米结构的场发射研究进展

一维纳米结构材料因其优异的电、光及场发射特性，在光电器件、场发射器件等方面具有重要的应用价值而备受关注。ZnO因具有优异的化学及热稳定性，并且其一维纳米结构具有极大的场增强因子，因而在场发射器件阴极中有良好的应用前景。首先简要介绍了ZnO的结构与性质，并重点介绍了ZnO一维纳米材料的常用制备技术及其在场发射领域的研究进展。     

Photoluminescence properties of single crystalline ZnO/CdS core/shell one-dimensional nanostructures

ZnO/CdS core/shell one-dimensional nanostructures were synthesized using ZnO nanorod arrays as templates, which were fabricated by a vapor transport process. CdS shells with various thicknesses were epitaxially grown on the ZnO nanorod arrays by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Selected area electron diffraction measurement revealed that both ZnO cores and CdS shells were single crystalline growing along the c-axis. The photoluminescence properties of the ZnO/CdS core/shell nanostructures were also varied with different CdS shell thicknesses. A carrier transition process from ZnO to CdS was assumed to induce the enhancement of CdS photoluminescence.     

ZnO纳米材料的p型掺杂研究进展

随着近年来各种形貌ZnO纳米材料的生长及ZnO纳米器件的研究,ZnO纳米材料的p型掺杂逐渐成为研究的重点之一.主要介绍了ZnO纳米材料的p型掺杂及其器件研究进展,简要讨论了当前掺杂研究的局限,展望了今后的发展方向.     

Synthesis and Physical Properties of Mn Doped ZnO Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures

Mn doped ZnO nanostructures have been prepared using low temperature simple, quick, and versatile synthesis approach. The structural, microstructural, and vibrational investigations reveal that as prepared nanostructures with low Mn doping concentration have single hexagonal phase and are grown along the preferred c-axis. The X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that the Mn ions are in mixed oxidation states for high doping concentration of Mn, while are in 2+ oxidation state for low concentration into ZnO lattice. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) exhibits a significant red-shift of 22 nm in the optical band gap of doped ZnO and shows the improved luminescence properties, which makes it potential for its use in the photocatalyst, optoelectronics and solar cell nanodevices. Furthermore, the magnetic measurement of Mn doped ZnO nanostructures exhibits the ferromagnetism at room temperature.     

Microstructure and optical properties of Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures prepared by a wet oxidation doping process

Silver-doped zinc oxide (Ag:ZnO) nanostructures were prepared by a facile and efficient wet oxidation method. This method included two steps: metallic Zn thin films mixed with Ag atoms were prepared by magnetron sputtering as the precursors, and then the precursors were oxidized in an O(2) atmosphere with water vapour present to form Ag:ZnO nanostructures. By controlling the oxidation conditions, pure ZnO and Ag:ZnO nanobelts/nanowires with a thickness of ～ 20 nm and length of up to several tens of microns were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements were adopted to characterize the microstructure and optical properties of the prepared samples. The results indicated that Ag doping during magnetron sputtering was a feasible method to tune the optical properties of ZnO nanostructures. For the Ag:ZnO nanostructures, the intensity of ultraviolet emission was increased up to three times compared with the pure ones. The detailed PL intensity variation with the increasing temperature is also discussed based on the ionization energy of acceptor in ZnO induced by Ag dopants.     

一维纳米氧化锌的场发射性能和光学性能研究

采用真空热蒸发法在不同的制备温度下,制备出了准阵列状和阵列状一维纳米ZnO结构。并利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、场发射测试仪、光致发光谱对ZnO纳米材料的结晶质量、形貌及场发射性能进行了分析研究。阵列状纳米氧化锌有较明显的择优生长取向。准阵列状纳米氧化锌的场发射性能优于阵列状纳米氧化锌。并通过对PL谱的对比分析得出,准阵列状纳米结构的结晶质量较好,阵列状纳米结构中存在的缺陷较多。     

The influence of source material composition on morphology and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures

We investigated the influence of the composition of the source materials on the morphology and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures. The source materials consisted of a mixture of ZnO and carbon, or ZnO, carbon, and another metal oxide (In2O3, MnO2, or V2O5). The addition of a different metal oxide to the source materials is a commonly used method to achieve doping and/or alteration of the morphology of ZnO nanostructures. For each metal oxide additive, we investigated the influence of different forms of carbon (graphite, carbon nanofibers, and single wall carbon nanotubes). Obtained nanostructures were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and photoluminescence. The morphology and the optical properties of the obtained nanostructures were strongly dependent on the source material composition. Possible reasons for observed differences are discussed.