考虑随机参照价格的双渠道绿色供应链定价和渠道策略研究

为了探讨参照效应对绿色供应链成员决策的影响,将消费者的随机参照价格引入到双渠道绿色供应链中,通过博弈论方法构建一个两阶段Stackelberg模型,讨论了线上线下的一致性定价策略。结果表明：当消费者的绿色偏好系数较高时,消费者参照价格的离散程度对制造商和零售商有利;否则,消费者参照价格的离散程度对制造商有利但对零售商不利;随着消费者参照价格敏感性系数的增大,制造商的期望利润先减小后增大,但零售商的期望利润单调下降;收益共享和成本分担组合契约能够协调双渠道绿色供应链。通过与单渠道绿色供应链均衡的比较发现,制造商进入线上渠道的条件受到消费者参照价格敏感性系数和离散程度的双重影响。在此基础上将模型拓展到差异化定价,讨论了不同定价策略对渠道成员的影响。     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

考虑损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策问题

针对零售商损失厌恶行为往往导致其决策偏离最优的现象,从顾客渠道偏好和零售商损失厌恶因素角度研究混合渠道的库存决策。基于渠道偏好构建了风险中性制造商和损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策模型,探讨了独立库存和零售商集中库存下制造商和零售商的最优库存策略,并通过数值模拟分析需求不确定性、损失厌恶及决策方式等因素对库存策略的影响。研究表明,独立库存模式下的集中决策是分散决策的Pareto改进,零售商集中库存模式下的集中决策提高了制造商和供应链的利润,却降低了零售商收益;损失厌恶零售商的订货量随需求不确定性增大,呈现先增后减趋势;对于零售商和供应链,零售商集中库存模式占优,面临损失厌恶零售商,制造商倾向于选择独立库存模式以维护自身利益。数值分析进一步表明,当制造商能提供合理利润共享契约并适当调节库存水平时,零售商集中库存模式将比独立库存模式更能协调具有损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道。     

基于领先用户的制造商创新决策及供应链协调策略

为了分析用户参与创新对供应链最优决策的影响,在利用消费者效用函数识别领先用户需求的基础上,构建集中决策模型、分散决策模型和收益共享契约供应链模型,采用Stackelberg博弈方法求解得到均衡状态下制造商和零售商的最优定价策略、领先用户需求量和契约参数范围。通过数值仿真对分散决策模式和收益共享契约下的供应链及成员利润、价格和领先用户需求进行对比分析。研究表明,与分散决策模式相比,收益共享契约能够有效协调供应链,增加供应链利润;增加消费者创新补贴对领先用户需求的刺激不明显,但是存在一个使制造商利润最大的最优创新补贴;当消费者创新补贴一定,制造商技术吸收能力由低到高时,消费者的知识水平与批发价格和零售价格的关系从正相关变为负相关,并且分散决策模式的批发价格和契约模式的零售价格对消费者知识水平的变化更加敏感;两种模式的消费者知识水平对领先用户需求量、供应链成员利润和整体利润均为正向影响;当制造商的技术吸收能力较低时,偏向采用收益共享契约增加供应链整体利润,而且制造商的技术吸收能力将决定其利润。     

基于政府激励的再制造闭环供应链定价策略及协调机制研究

针对一类由制造商、零售商组成的再制造闭环供应链系统,考虑政府奖惩激励措施,应用博弈论方法研究了新产品和再制造产品无差别定价时集中决策和分散决策模式下的定价策略,得出了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润。研究表明,政府激励环境中一定条件下闭环供应链的集中决策效率高于Stackelberg的博弈分散决策,通过设计一个收益共享协调定价机制,合理分配了制造商与零售商的利润,实现了闭环供应链的协调,进而分析了政府奖惩激励环境下闭环供应链协调运作中再制造过程利润超过制造过程的再制造优先条件,对再制造优先运作模式进行了探索。     

考虑企业社会责任的闭环供应链销售努力与定价决策

为了研究企业社会责任行为对闭环供应链销售努力与定价决策的影响,在零售商和制造商分别负责销售努力的情形下,构建了考虑企业社会责任行为的闭环供应链定价决策模型。研究表明,无论哪一方负责销售努力,制造商的企业社会责任行为均有利于提高社会福利,增加零售商、第三方及系统整体的利润。当制造商承担较少企业社会责任时,制造商的纯利润大于零售商,反之,零售商的利润更大,且第三方利润总是最小。当制造商承担企业社会责任时,由零售商负责销售努力时的社会福利、闭环供应链成员及整体的利润更大。当零售商负责销售努力时,由零售商承担企业社会责任时的废旧产品回收率、第三方及系统整体的利润更大。     

考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调

为研究社会责任承担对闭环供应链决策和盈利性的影响,进而协调考虑社会责任承担的闭环供应链,构建了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链,分别在集中决策和制造商作为Stackelberg博弈领导者的分散决策模式下研究了闭环供应链的定价、社会责任承担水平和回收率决策,进一步分析了社会责任承担效应对决策变量和利润的影响,探讨了两部定价契约和收入共享契约对分散决策下闭环供应链的协调作用,并通过算例进行论证。研究表明:与集中决策相比,分散决策存在利润损失,零售价、社会责任承担水平、回收率和供应链利润均与社会责任承担效应正相关,两部定价契约和收入共享契约均可实现闭环供应链的协调,而收入共享契约的灵活性更强。     

基于多目标优化的绿色供应链博弈模型及利润共享契约

为研究环境效益对绿色供应链最优决策的影响,基于多目标优化与博弈理论,构建了制造商同时考虑利润与环境双目标下的供应链博弈模型,分析了集中式与制造商主导Stackelberg博弈模式下的供应链决策,并进一步建立了利润共享契约下的博弈模型,对以上3种均衡结果进行比较。研究表明,制造商考虑环境效益目标会使自身利润减少,零售商利润、产品绿色度与环境效益相应提高,整体供应链利润先增大后减少;而利润共享契约能够实现产品绿色度、环境效益以及供应链各成员间利润的多重协调。     

模糊需求下基于CVaR的供应链定价与协调

为了研究模糊需求下成员具有风险规避行为供应链的定价策略和协调机制,基于市场需求不确定的现实,将需求模糊化处理,构建了具有风险规避制造商和零售商的供应链决策模型,得到最优决策的显示解,设计了基于Shapley值的收益共享契约协调机制。研究结果表明,当市场需求的模糊程度发生变化以及制造商和零售商对风险规避的程度较大时,最优价格决策随市场需求减少可能性的增加而降低,随市场需求增加可能性的增加而保持不变;风险规避程度较大的制造商和零售商在规避风险的同时会丧失在市场需求可能增加情形下提高价格从而获得高收益的机会;风险规避的决策者会选择风险规避的对手作为合作伙伴;基于Shapley值的收益共享契约能够让模糊需求下的供应链达到完美协调。     

考虑需求扰动及企业社会责任行为的绿色供应链决策

为了探讨需求扰动及零售商企业社会责任(CSR)行为对绿色供应链决策的影响，构建了制造商主导的绿色供应链模型，并得到需求扰动前后的均衡结果，然后研究了绿色供应链的协调问题，最后将模型拓展到绿色供应链与传统供应链横向竞争的情形。结果表明，当需求发生大幅扰动时，制造商需要调整产品绿色度，此时零售商的CSR行为会增大制造商对产品绿色度的调整量；需求扰动会使绿色供应链系统利润偏离预期，此时零售商的CSR行为会加剧需求扰动对绿色供应链系统利润的影响，不利于绿色供应链的稳定运营；二部定价—成本契约可以实现绿色供应链协调；绿色供应链与传统供应链的横向竞争会增强零售商CSR行为对产品绿色度最优调整量和绿色供应链系统利润偏离程度的影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.