基于Mean shift和轨迹预测的目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪过程中出现的定位偏差问题,提出了Mean shift和轨迹预测相结合的运动目标跟踪算法.该算法首先根据目标已知位置信息采用最小二乘法拟合运动轨迹并得到预测位置,然后利用Mean shift算法得到目标最终位置.通过计算搜索误差判断是否发生严重遮挡情况,并给出相应处理策略.进行了一系列实验,验证了算法的有效性,并将实验结果与其他算法比较,表明该算法有效地提高了快速运动目标跟踪的精度,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

足球机器人对彩球的鲁棒跟踪识别

在基于视觉的足球机器人系统中,对场上焦点目标——球的动态跟踪识别是系统设计的第一要务。针对半自主微型机器人足球比赛中的小球易受场上干扰、小车遮挡造成的识别丢失问题,提出基于预测与搜索窗的图像目标跟踪识别方法。通过最小二乘法预测丢失小球的可能位置,将图像目标搜索限制在局部小区域内,并利用搜索窗内的在线状态信息加以判断,实现运动目标被遮挡情况下的有效跟踪识别。实验与比赛结果统计表明,该方法实时跟踪识别效果好、鲁棒性强。     

一种自适应特征选择的运动目标实时跟踪算法

提出自适应特征选择算法,利用背景信息及目标信息建立特征分类器,并在跟踪过程中不断更新特征分类器;提出采用光流算法对运动区域进行粗预测,然后利用特征分类器及meansh ift算法对目标进行跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法可以根据不同的背景信息自适应的选择特征 ,对于跟踪过程中存在形变、遮挡以及背景出现干扰或光照变化等情况,依然可以对目标进行稳定的实时跟踪.     

结合Camshift和Kalman预测的运动目标跟踪

针对单一的CamShift跟踪算法在目标发生遮挡时非常容易致使跟踪目标失败的问题,本文提出了一种基于CamShift和Kalman预测的跟踪算法。首先,采用帧间差分阈值法来快速、精确地检测和提取出运动目标;然后,通过在CamShift算法中使用运动目标的颜色特征,在图像序列中找到运动目标的所在位置和大小;最后,使用Kalman滤波预测目标的位置,进而有效地解决了背景中大面积相同颜色的干扰和目标部分被遮挡等问题。用无线遥控车完成了运动目标的跟踪实验,实验证明结合CamShift算法和Kalman预测滤波能实时、准确地跟踪目标。     

基于轨迹聚类的超市顾客运动跟踪

针对超市等复杂应用环境下的运动目标轨迹跟踪问题,将轨迹聚类运用于目标跟踪中,提出了一种超市顾客运动跟踪方法。该方法对Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)算法提取并跟踪得到的特征点轨迹进行预处理,滤除背景和短时特征点以分离出运动目标所在区域的关键特征点;进而采用均值漂移(meanshift)算法进行轨迹聚类,解决了单帧静态特征点聚类时的目标遮挡问题;最后采用运动跟踪匹配算法对前后帧的特征点进行最优匹配,解决了目标出入视频区域以及具有复杂路线时的稳定跟踪问题,得到顾客的完整运动轨迹。实验结果表明,该方法能够在超市入口、生鲜区以及收银台等各种典型超市区域中完成顾客轨迹的运动跟踪,并对顾客部分遮挡、复杂运动轨迹以及异步运动等多种特殊情况具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于局部直方图的多区域目标跟踪算法

为克服光照变化和目标遮挡对运动目标跟踪的影响,提出了一种基于改进的局部敏感直方图的多区域目标跟踪算法。改进了局部敏感直方图并设计了快速算法;将改进的局部敏感直方图作为多区域跟踪算法中的目标建模方式,提高目标建模的准确性且降低提取目标特征的计算复杂度;针对多区域跟踪算法中融合各个区域块的特征相似值的需要,采用基于统计排序和最小二乘估计的参数估计方法计算整个目标块与模板的相似度。实验结果表明该算法能有效应对目标跟踪过程中光照变化、目标形变与遮挡的干扰,实现实时鲁棒的目标跟踪。     

一种基于运动信息的多目标跟踪方法研究

为解决多目标跟踪中的遮挡问题,提出一种基于目标运动信息的方法。采用混合高斯模型结合背景差法获取初始运动信息,根据目标短时间内状态的稳定性,对其进行预测,再结合视觉特征达到精确跟踪。由于使用速度和视觉特征信息对目标单独跟踪,从而巧妙地避免遮挡的处理。实验结果表明,该方法实时有效,同时对遮挡问题的处理也有较好的效果。     

结合背景信息的自适应加权压缩跟踪算法

目的 为了提高目标跟踪的准确度,提出结合背景信息的自适应加权压缩跟踪算法。方法 针对目标边缘背景信息的干扰问题,提出对目标框架分块提取特征,根据区域分配权值,弱化特征提取过程中背景信息的干扰;利用正负样本特征概率分布的Bhattacharyya距离,自适应地选取区分度较大的特征进行分类器训练,提高分类器的鲁棒性;针对目标遮挡导致分类器分类不准确问题,提出设置目标遮挡检测机制,结合目标和局部背景信息对目标实现遮挡环境下的跟踪。结果 与目前较流行的5种算法在6个具有挑战性的序列中进行比较,本文提出的算法平均跟踪率达到90%,平均每帧耗时0.088 6 s。结论 本文算法在背景干扰,光线变换,目标旋转、形变、遮挡和复杂背景环境下的跟踪具有较高鲁棒性。     

基于图像处理和轨迹预测的目标跟踪

为克服目标被短时间遮挡的跟踪问题,在基于图像信息的跟踪算法中增加轨迹约束条件,构成基于图像处理和轨迹预测的目标跟踪算法。首先分别介绍基于图像信息的目标跟踪算法和常见的轨迹预测方法,然后介绍基于图像处理和轨迹预测的目标跟踪算法。实验结果表明,基于图像处理和轨迹预测的目标跟踪算法能够有效地克服目标被遮挡时的跟踪问题。     

一种基于运动轮廓的目标跟踪方法

为了解决目标跟踪中出现的遮挡问题,提出了一种基于运动轮廓的日标跟踪方法.通过对当前帧前面两帧图像统计加权来获得背景,并通过网格化加速了目标检测效率,降低了运算次数;然后采用的背景差分法来提取运动轮廓,通过运动轮廓获取目标相关特征进行跟踪,并采用结合基于运动轮廓色度匹配及卡尔曼滤波预测的方法进行遮挡问题的判断和处理.仿真实验结果表明算法可以准确地跟踪目标,并能很好的处理跟踪时出现的遮挡及互遮挡问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。