土壤中产木糖醇酵母菌株的筛选其发酵条件优化

本文以木糖为唯一碳源从土壤中筛选得到可以耐受高浓度木糖的菌株,再经过复筛选出一株高产木糖醇的酵母菌株Y-9。经高效液相色谱(HPLC)和红外扫描分析,确定菌株Y-9发酵利用木糖转化得到的主要产物为木糖醇。通过单因素实验、正交试验等手段,对菌株Y-9发酵产木糖醇的培养基组分和发酵条件进行了优化,进一步提高了目的菌株的木糖醇产率和转化率,确定了菌株Y-9摇瓶发酵木糖转化木糖醇的最优培养基和发酵条件。在木糖初始浓度为200 g/L,氮源为酵母膏3.0 g/L,硫酸铵2.0 g/L,玉米浆10.0 mL/L,硫酸镁0.1 g/L,初始pH为6.0,转速为180 r/min,接种量为4%的条件下,菌株Y-9的木糖醇产率为160 g/L左右,木糖醇生成速率为1.67 g/L.h,木糖/木糖醇转化率达到80%以上,是一株具有良好工业化研究开发价值的木糖醇生产菌株。     

米根霉液态发酵产糖化酶工艺条件研究

米根霉具有较强的产淀粉糖化酶能力。本研究通过对米根霉液态发酵工艺条件的研究来提高其产糖化酶能力,为红曲黄酒纯种酿造技术奠定基础。以米根霉为出发菌株,大米液化液作为碳源进行摇瓶发酵,通过正交试验优化液态培养基配方,并通过单因素试验得出米根霉的培养条件。优化的摇瓶发酵最佳培养基为:液化液浓度50%,NH4Cl 5 g/L,KH2PO41 g/L,MgSO4·5H2O 0.3 g/L,FeSO4·7H2O 0.4 g/L,CaCO38 g/L;发酵条件为:初始pH6.0,装液量50 mL,摇床转速150r/min,接种量6%,发酵温度为32℃。该发酵条件下,菌株摇瓶发酵液的糖化酶活力达到196.6 U/mL±8.1 U/mL。     

热带假丝酵母利用酒糟水解液发酵生产木糖醇的初步研究

对热带假丝酵母(C.tropicalis)AY91009利用酒糟(丢糟)水解液发酵木糖醇进行了初步研究。结果表明:最佳发酵时间48h,最佳种子龄22h。摇瓶分批发酵工艺条件的最佳组合是:起始pH5.5,接种量15%(v/v),装液量135mL,氮源加入量为10mL含有10g/L酵母膏和20g/L蛋白胨的有机氮源。除水解液本身含有的木糖外,1/10的葡萄糖加入量(w/w)有利于菌体生长和木糖醇的转化,蔗糖则会抑制木糖醇的生成。培养基中添加6g/L的NaCl、3g/L的KH2PO4、0.2g/L的MgSO4.7H2O有利于木糖醇的积累。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵条件的优化

采用单因素及正交实验法对纳豆芽孢杆菌的摇瓶发酵培养基进行了优化,优化后的培养基为蔗糖15g/L、酵母浸出物2.5 g/L、胰蛋白胨2.5 g/L、氯化钠5 g/L,并通过单因素实验法确定了最佳培养条件为温度35 ℃、初始pH值8.接种量 3%、装液量20 mL/250 mL、发酵时间14 h.     

木糖发酵菌株生产乙醇工艺条件的研究

以从土壤中筛选得到利用木糖高产乙醇的菌株LJ-45为出发菌株,在不同的工艺条件下进行木糖发酵生产乙醇的研究.确定最佳优化发酵条件:发酵温度为30℃,pH值为5.0,转速为90r/min,接种量为8%,装液量为120mL/250mL.在此发酵最佳条件组合下进行木糖发酵试验,乙醇产量最大为15.17g/L,木糖醇含量为7.94g/L.     

黑曲霉发酵产木糖苷酶工艺优化

为充分再利用玉米芯粉这种农副产品资源,以黑曲霉为菌种,进行黑曲霉液态发酵玉米芯粉产木糖苷酶的研究。首先采用单因素试验,以黑曲霉发酵过程中产生的木糖苷酶活力为响应值,考察发酵周期、发酵温度、接种量、初始发酵pH值、装液量和摇瓶转速对木糖苷酶活力的影响。结果表明:发酵时间144 h、发酵温度34℃、接种量7%、初始发酵pH 3.0、摇瓶转速180 r/min、装液量110 mL/300 mL为该菌产木糖苷酶的最佳发酵条件。然后在上述最佳发酵条件的基础上,结合Plackett-Burman试验、最低添加量试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面中心组合试验确定了最佳产酶培养基组分为:玉米芯粉31.55 g/L,酵母粉8.00 g/L,蛋白胨5.48 g/L,硫酸镁0.70 g/L,氯化钠1.00 g/L,氯化钙1.50 g/L。利用软件构建二次式模型,模型决定系数R2为0.991 0,调整决定系数R2为0.982 9。回归方程的方差分析结果表明,模型显著有效,失拟项P值大于0.05,适用于产酶的理论预测。经过上述优化后菌株产木糖苷酶活力是优化前的8.89倍。     

响应面法优化黄孢原毛平革菌产多糖培养基的研究

将Plackett-Burman设计法和响应面分析法相结合,对影响黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerchaete chrysoprium)生产多糖的发酵培养基进行优化.结果表明,培养温度、酒石酸铵浓度和初始pH与多糖产量存在显著的相关性,采用优化后的条件进行摇瓶发酵,得到黄孢原毛平革菌产多糖的最佳工艺条件:葡萄糖10g/L,酒石酸铵0.4g/L,大量溶液60mL/L,微量元素液25mL/L,维生素B1 1mg/L,初始pH4.5,发酵温度37℃,接种量10%,非固定化培养5d.多糖产量从289.3mg//L提高到467.9mg/L.     

发酵条件对根霉产脂肪酶的影响

通过单因素实验和正交实验,对MHL4.07菌摇瓶发酵产脂肪酶的培养基组成和培养条件进行了研究,结果表明:最佳发酵培养基配方为橄榄油15.0g/L、玉米浆40.0g/L、NH4Cl20.0g/L、豆饼粉20.0g/L、MgSO40.5g/L、KH2PO410.0g/L、KCl1.0g/L。最佳发酵条件为种子培养84h、接种量7%、初始pH6.5、装液量50mL/250mL三角瓶,培养温度28℃,摇床转速160r/min,发酵培养96h。在此条件下,最高脂肪酶产量达到60.54U/mL,比优化前提高了44.5%。     

色褐链霉菌产磷脂酶D的发酵条件研究

采用单因素试验,对色褐链霉菌产磷脂酶D(PLD)的发酵培养条件和培养基组成进行了优化。结果表明,色褐链霉菌摇瓶发酵最佳条件为:发酵周期7 d,发酵温度28℃,发酵培养基初始pH 6.0,接种量3%,发酵培养基装液量10 mL(100 mL三角瓶),摇床转速200 r/min;培养基最佳组成为:蛋白胨20.0 g/L,可溶性淀粉25.0 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g/L,CaCO3 1.0 g/L,Tween 8020.0 g/L。     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌表达4-木糖醇脱氢酶的发酵和反应条件优化

L-木酮糖(L-苏式-戊酮糖)是一种昂贵的稀有戊糖,而4-木糖醇脱氢酶(xylitol-4-dehydrogenase,XDH)是生物合成L-木酮糖(L-xylulose)的关键酶。为了促进L-木酮糖的生产,对枯草芽孢杆菌外源表达4-木糖醇脱氢酶的发酵条件进行优化,并对以木糖醇为底物静息细胞催化反应合成L-木酮糖的反应条件进行研究。通过单因素实验确定了最佳培养基的成分(g/L)为:蔗糖25,尿素6,MgSO_40. 05,MnSO_40. 01,FeSO_40. 01,初始pH值8. 0。最佳发酵条件为:装液量40 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),接种量1. 67%,发酵培养温度28℃。在优化条件下4-木糖醇脱氢酶酶活为5. 183 U/L,与初始酶活相比提高了231. 2%。最优反应条件:底物质量浓度20 g/L,50mmol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 10. 0),反应温度45℃,优化反应条件下转化率达到17. 74%。通过对菌株发酵和反应工艺条件的优化,为后续L-木酮糖工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the