生物类黄酮抗癌作用研究进展

生物类黄酮广泛分布于植物源食物中，具有广泛的生理和药理作用，如具有抗癌和抗突变作用，可以抑制肿瘤的形成，这些功能与其显著的抗氧化、抗自由基作用等密切相关。本文就类黄酮抗癌作用的研究进展作一综述。     

岩藻黄素的抗炎、抗癌活性及作用机制研究进展

岩藻黄素（Fucoxanthin）是一种类胡萝卜素,呈红褐色,主要来源于褐藻和硅藻等海洋生物,因其独特的化学结构和丰富的生物活性而引起了广泛的科研兴趣。研究表明,岩藻黄素具有显著的抗炎和抗癌活性,其抗炎作用机制主要包括抑制氧化应激、调控炎症因子、诱导细胞自噬和抵抗细胞凋亡等,抗癌作用机制主要包括诱导细胞自噬与凋亡机制、调控细胞周期、抑制细胞迁移和细胞侵袭等多个方面。本文对岩藻黄素的抗炎、抗癌活性及相关作用机制的研究进展进行简要概述,为进一步深入研究及开发岩藻黄素提供理论基础和借鉴。     

萝卜硫素功能性及其机制研究进展

萝卜硫素是一种异硫氰酸酯类化合物，又称莱菔硫烷，是硫代葡萄糖苷在内源芥子酶作用下水解产生，广泛存在于十字花科蔬菜中。萝卜硫素具有多种功效，引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。萝卜硫素具有抗菌功能，通过影响菌体核酸和蛋白质合成等方式抑制细菌生长；萝卜硫素通过参与相应的NF-κB信号通路来减轻或抑制炎症；同时，萝卜硫素是蔬菜中抗癌效果最好、效力最强的天然活性物质，它对乳腺癌、肝癌、结肠癌等有很好的抑制作用。该文综述了萝卜硫素的抑菌、抗氧化、抗炎症、抗癌等功能，对其作用机制进行了系统介绍，探讨了其研究前景，为萝卜硫素的应用与科学研究提供借鉴和参考。     

油茶肉质果、肉质叶提取液的保健功效

研究油茶肉质果、肉质叶提取液（EFF，EFY）的抗自由基、降血糖和抗癌作用。采用TBA比色法和小鼠红细胞氧化溶血抑制试验测定抗自由基作用；采用四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠模型，分别用EFF和EFY灌胃7d测定降血糖作用；利用H22移植性实体瘤的方法研究抗癌作用。EFF具有显著消除体内自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用，与维生素E抗自由基及脂质过氧化效果相同；对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖有明显的降低作用，接近中药消渴丸的效果；能明显抑制小鼠H22移植性实体瘤的生长，油茶肉质果组的抑瘤率为54．9％，油茶肉质叶组的抑瘤率为30．2％，对动物白细胞、脾指数、胸腺指数无明显影响。EFF和EFY能有效控制糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平，维持正常代谢，对正常血糖小鼠无影响；具有提高SOD活性，清除自由基的作用；对癌症小鼠有显著的抑癌效果，与已报道的20种具有显著抗癌作用的蔬菜相比，油茶肉质果排在第9位，油茶肉质叶排在第15位。     

蜂花粉的功能因子

本文详述蜂花粉中主要功能因子及其作用,指出蜂花粉是具有抗癌防癌、抗突变、增强免疫力、防老抗衰等多功能的保健食品。     

蒌叶的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

蒌叶作为"药食同源"植物,其味辛、微甘、性温,可以治疗风寒咳嗽、胃寒痛、湿疹等症,其叶具有强烈而辛辣的芳香气味,在亚洲广泛用于咀嚼剂.化学分析表明,蒌叶中含有蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪等营养成分及萜类、生物碱、多酚、黄酮类等代谢成分;现代药理学研究表明,蒌叶具有抑菌、抗氧化、抗癌、抗虫、抗炎、抗疟疾、抗糖基化等作用.本文综述了...     

大豆中植酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂的抗营养和抗癌效应

大豆是重要的油料作物和植物蛋白来源,富含植物化学物质,如植酸和胰蛋白酶抑制荆等。传统营养理论认为这些植物化学物质是抗营养因子,然而近来研究显示这些化学成分具有天然抗癌作用。以植酸和STI为例主要介绍了它们的结构、分布、生理活性、抗营养效应及抗癌效应。     

抗营养因子的抗营养作用

抗营养因子普遍存在于植物性饲料中，主要包括蛋白质抑制剂，植物凝集素等。根据抗营养因子与不同营养素拮抗的特点，可将其抗营养作用分为降低蛋白质利用率，降低能量利用率，降低矿物质，微量元素利用率和降低维生素利用率等。     

大豆抗消化蛋白降胆固醇作用机理研究进展

大量动物实验和人体实验表明大豆抗消化蛋白具有降胆固醇作用，但具体作用机理尚不清楚。综述了抗消化蛋白——大豆蛋白降胆固醇作用机理及研究进展，为大豆抗消化蛋白产品的开发提供一定的理论依据。     

花色苷在体内的药理活性及其作用机制研究进展

花色苷是一类广泛存在的多酚类色素,是果蔬呈现靓丽色彩的来源。近年来相关的研究报道显示出花色苷具有多种药理活性。抗氧化活性被认为是花色苷具有健康益处的关键所在,如抗炎症、抗肥胖、抗癌、降血糖等,这使得花色苷在食品领域作为安全有效的天然色素、营养品、保健品以及药品的天然植物来源都具有相当大的开发潜力。但是,花色苷的药理活性在机制方面的研究还比较欠缺,有待更详细和深入的探讨。文章主要总结归纳了近年来花色苷在抗癌、保护心血管、降血糖、降血脂和在神经退化症等方面的研究成果,为今后探索相关作用机制提供借鉴。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the