基于LabVlEW的摩擦噪声测试系统

虚拟仪器(Vinual Instrument，简称VI)是现代计算机软件技术、通信技术和测量技术相结合的产物。LabVIEW语言是美国NI公司推出的一款功能强大的虚拟仪器开发平台。小波变换的主要特点是通过变换能够充分突出某些方面的特征，它是研究信号时一频分析的重要方法。设计和实现了基于LabVIEW、利用小波变换的噪声测试系统；通过该测试系统可以对摩擦噪声进行测量和分析，有利于深入了解摩擦机理，改善摩擦条件，促进环保事业。     

摩擦噪声发生过程中摩擦力变化的研究

在干摩擦条件下，摩擦噪声的发生与接触界面的摩擦有密切的关系。本文测量了摩擦噪声状态下的摩擦力，利用小波变换可以把信号分解成不同频率成份的特点，对摩擦力信号进行了小波分解，结果可以看出在同一个往复行程里从无摩擦噪声到发生摩擦噪声的过渡阶段摩擦力的变化。分析结果显示当摩擦噪声的强度比较弱时摩擦力的变化比较光滑，但当噪声强度比较大时，摩擦力有一个台阶状的变化。     

基于LabVIEW的摩擦噪声测试系统

虚拟仪器(VirtualInstrument,简称VI)是现代计算机软件技术、通信技术和测量技术相结合的产物。LabVIEW语言是美国NI公司推出的一款功能强大的虚拟仪器开发平台。小波变换的主要特点是通过变换能够充分突出某些方面的特征,它是研究信号时-频分析的重要方法。设计和实现了基于LabVIEW、利用小波变换的噪声测试系统;通过该测试系统可以对摩擦噪声进行测量和分析,有利于深入了解摩擦机理,改善摩擦条件,促进环保事业。     

基于小波变换的发动机噪声诊断

提出了一种发动机噪声故障诊断的新方法。该方法在分析故障产生机理和噪声信号特征的基础上,构造一种新型的小波—指数衰减型小波函数,应用它对发动机噪声信号进行处理,提取表征故障的间歇性撞击声信号特征;为了获得可靠的诊断结果,给出发动机正常噪声和故障噪声的复合假设,构造相应统计量进行假设检验判决,检测故障。试验验证表明,该方法能有效地诊断摩托车发动机存在的活塞击缸故障。     

基于小波变换的客车车内振动噪声源识别

测定了不同工况下车内噪声信号和车架车身等处的振动信号，利用Daubechies小波函数对噪声信号和振动信号做小波变换，获取信号能量分布的特征向量和相关系数，确定两种信号相关程度，根据相关系数大小识别车内振动、噪声源，经过识别发现发动机为该车的主要振动噪声源。试验表明，该方法比传统的分析方法更为简单、有效。     

基于小波变换的打夯振动分析

探讨了冲击振动检测标准建立的合理性,提出使用小波的多通道分析功能来建立冲击振动检测标准的思想。回顾了有关振动检测标准的现状和小波分析的时频特性,分别从时域、频域和小波域对某打夯机造成的冲击振动进行分析,指出从时域和频域建立冲击振动检测标准的不足及从小波域建立冲击振动检测标准的优越性,验证了从小波域建立冲击振动检测标准的合理性和可能性。     

摩擦摆中的摩擦激励特性研究

介绍一种摩擦摆实验装置,建立摩擦摆稳定摆动状态下系统的运动微分方程,计算并讨论摩擦副间相对角速度和相对角加速度对摩擦摆自激振动稳定性的影响。结果表明:与相对加速度有关的交变摩擦力是系统自激振动的主要原因,因此有效控制工程实践中各种摩擦自激振动的途径在于,力求使摩擦副间摩擦力既不随相对速度变化,更不随相对加速度波动。     

新的基于小波变换的振动信号消噪方法

噪声消除是小波变换最成功的应用之一,其基本思想是将信号的小波变换系数与给定的门限比较,保留比门限大的系数,而将其他的置零,然后进行小波重构。这种小波变换消噪方法很可能将信号中一些有用的小能量分量当成噪声消除。根据旋转机械振动信号的循环平稳性特征,提出了一种新的基于小波变换的振动信号消噪方法,并用数字试验信号和碰摩试验振动信号对新消噪方法和Matlab提供的小波消噪方法的性能进行了比较测试。结果表明,在振动信号消噪方面,新方法相比传统的小波消噪方法有更好的性能,能够有效地抑制信号中处于各频段的噪声分量。     

摩擦噪声系统的振动特性研究

建立了一个往复滑动摩擦系统1∶1实体装配模型,采用有限元方法对该系统的振动特性进行研究,获得了系统的自然频率和振动模态。将得到的系统振动频率与系统的试验噪声的频率进行比较,发现它们的一些结果有很好的一致性。对系统的计算模态分析显示,发生噪声的模态同时具有切向和法向振动特征。     

FEATURE EXTRACTION OF VIBRATION SIGNALS BASED ON WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM

A method is proposed for the analysis of vibration signals from components of rotating machines, based on the wavelet packet transformation (WPT) and the underlying physical concepts of modulation mechanism. The method provides a finer analysis and better time-frequency localization capabilities than any other analysis methods. Both details and approximations are split into finer components and result in better-localized frequency ranges corresponding to each node of a wavelet packet tree. For the purpose of feature extraction, a hard threshold is given and the energy of the coefficients above the threshold is used, as a criterion for the selection of the best vector. The feature extraction of a vibration signal is accomplished by computing the reconstruction signal and its spectrum. When applied to a rolling bear vibration signal feature extraction, the proposed method can lead to be very effective.     

基于连续小波变换的汽轮发电机组轴系扭振及其主动控制模拟试验的研究

根据连续小波变换具有较二进离散小波变换和小波包变换更精细的尺度分辨率的特点,提出了适用于工程界的小波变换结果的表述方法,研究了小波分析方法在汽轮发电机组轴系振动及其主动控制模拟试验中的适用性问题。通过对汽轮发电机组轴系振动及其主动控制模拟试验数据的小波分析,得到了较为满意的结论。     

非平稳振动信号分析中Hilbert-Huang变换的对比研究

Hilbert-Huang变换是一种信号分析新方法,特别适合于对非平稳信号进行分析。介绍该方法的基本理论,并利用它对一个典型的旋转机械非平稳振动信号进行分析。然后通过与利用短时傅里叶变换和小波变换所得到的分析结果的对比,研究Hilbert—Huang变换在分析一般非平稳振动信号中的优势和缺陷。最后结合实际应用中遇到的问题,简要论述Hilbert—Huang变换中的经验模态分解在分析频率成分非常靠近的复杂信号时的不足和原因。研究结果表明,Hilbert—Huang变换和其他方法相比,具有分辨能力强、自适应分解、物理意义清晰、信息完整、形式简洁和易于精确分析等优点;同时也存在具有端点效应、实时性稍差和难以将复杂信号中特别靠近的频率成分分解为独立的本征模分量的缺陷。     

IDENTIFICATION OF DIESEL FRONT SOUND SOURCE BASED ON CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM

Acoustic signals from diesel engines not only colitain useful information but also includeconsiderable noise components. To extract information for condition monitoring purposes the continu-ous wavelet transform (CWT)is used for the characterization of engine acoustics. The charasteristicsof the CWT in terms of the representation of short duration transient signals are reviewed firstlyWavelet selection and CWT implementation are then detailed. With the wavelet transform, the majorsoures of the exterior radiation sound of the engine front are surveyed. The research provides a reli-able basis for engineering practice to reduce vehicle sound level. Furthermore, the idenification resultsof the measured acoustic signals are compared with the identification results of the measured surfacevibration, and good agreement is observed.     

小波变换在齿轮局部缺陷诊断中的应用

采用连续小波变换对齿轮振动信号进行分析,检测到齿轮出现局部缺陷时,其振动信号中的幅值突变点。通过对试验数据的分析,说明这种方法可以有效地应用于齿轮的局部缺陷诊断中,并且不需要对初始信号进行时域同步平均。     

用子波变换提取CO2焊焊穿信息特征的研究

介绍子波变换及离散二进子波变换,分析快速子波变换——Ｍａｌａｔ算法,并阐述了利用子波变换模极大值检测信号奇异性方法的原理,给出了应用该方法提取ＣＯ２气体保护薄壁（板）焊工件焊穿信息特征的成功应用实例,说明这种方法能够有效地应用于焊接过程质量监控的信号处理。     

NEW METHOD FOR WEAK FAULT FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED ON SECOND GENERATION WAVELET TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATION

A new time-domain analysis method that uses second generation wavelet transform (SGWT) for weak fault feature extraction is proposed. To extract incipient fault feature, a biorthogonal wavelet with the characteristics of impact is constructed by using SGWT. Processing detail signal of SGWT with a sliding window devised on the basis of rotating operation cycle, and extracting modulus maximum from each window, fault features in time-domain are highlighted. To make further analysis on the reason of the fault, wavelet package transform based on SGWT is used to process vibration data again. Calculating the energy of each frequency-band, the energy distribution features of the signal are attained. Then taking account of the fault features and the energy distribution, the reason of the fault is worked out. An early impact-rub fault caused by axis misalignment and rotor imbalance is successfully detected by using this method in an oil refinery.     

RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS ON REALIZING DIRECT ALGORITHM OF WAVELET TRANSFORM

Direct algorithm of wavelet transform (WT) is the numerical algorithm obtained from the integral formula of WT by directly digitization. Some problems on realizing the algorithm are studied. Some conclusions on the direct algorithm of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), such as discrete convolution operation formula of wavelet coefficients and wavelet components, sampling principle and technology to wavelets, deciding method for scale range of wavelets, measures to solve edge effect problem, etc, are obtained. The realization of direct algorithm of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is also studied. The computing cost of direct algorithm and Mallat algorithm of DWT are still studied, and the computing formulae are obtained. These works are beneficial to deeply understand WT and Mallat algorithm. Examples in the end show that direct algorithm can also be applied widely.     

小波变换方法评价曲线的分形特征

应用小波变换对Kiesswetter曲线和3种方法生成的分数维布朗运动（FBm）进行了分析,验证了该方法计算分形维数具有较高的精度。在宽广的分形维数范围内,与其他7种计算方法比较表明,小波变换方法的精确性和一致性都最好。小波变换为进一步分辨确定性信号、分形特征的信号或完全随机性的信号提供了一种有效工具,为评价粗糙表面形貌的分形特征提供了前提条件。     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET TRANSFORM IN STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION

NTRODUCTIONIn structural optimization, solution domains areoften of certain singularity. The optima usually lie onthe singular POints or in their vicinities, which bringssome difficulties to the searching for optimum.Moreover, in some structural optimization problemswhose feasible domains are multiply connected, theexistent methods often obtain local optimum.Singularity conditions can seriously degrade thepefformance of the optimizer.The singularities areintrinsic to the formulation of t…