食用植物油抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚含量测定

该法使用SYMMETRY SHIELD RP_(18)(150×3.9mm,5μm)柱为固定相,280nm紫外线检测,分析特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)液相色谱方法,并对流动相的组成、比例(甲醇:磷酸=80:20,60:40,50:50;甲醇:醋酸=80:20,70:30,60:40,50:50)和离子强度变化进行优化,确定甲醇:0.001M磷酸(60:40,V/V)作为流动相为最佳条件,该法最低检测量为0.02μg,回收率在91.55%以上,重复性相对标准偏差低于3.39%,分析时间为6.0min。     

Authentication of edible vegetable oils adulterated with used frying oil by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

The application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to authenticate edible vegetable oils (corn, peanut, rapeseed and soybean oil) adulterated with used frying oil was introduced in this paper. The FTIR spectrum of oil was divided into 22 regions which corresponded to the constituents and molecular structures of vegetable oils. Samples of calibration set were classified into four categories for corn and peanut oils and five categories for rapeseed and soybean oils by cluster analysis. Qualitative analysis of validation set was obtained by discriminant analysis. Area ratio between absorption band 19 and 20 and wavenumber shift of band 19 were treated by linear regression for quantitative analysis. For four adulteration types, LODs of area ratio were 6.6%, 7.2%, 5.5%, 3.6% and wavenumber shift were 8.1%, 9.0%, 6.9%, 5.6%, respectively. The proposed methodology is a useful tool to authenticate the edible vegetable oils adulterated with used frying oil.     

三种食用植物油中不饱和脂肪酸含量调查

对市售大豆油、花生油、菜籽油等常见食用植物油中不饱和脂肪酸含量进行调查,调查结果表明:80个大豆油、花生油和菜籽油三种食用植物油样品中,不饱和脂肪酸的含量不符合相应国家标准规定的样品分别占相应品种调查数量的6.38%、7.14%和47.37%,部分食用植物油中存在掺杂现象。在符合国家标准规定的67个食用植物油样品中,含量较高的不饱和脂肪酸组成为大豆油中的亚油酸,花生油中的油酸和菜籽油中的油酸,平均含量分别为51.54%、42.20%、38.87%。     

食用植物油的营养评价模型及其应用

建立食用植物油营养评价的模型,以量化指标评价食用植物油的营养品质,根据植物油中主要营养成分选定评价指标,对各种营养成分的价值分配对应权重值,利用模糊层次分析法对特定油脂的其他营养价值分配分值,从而根据权重值以及成分含量权重值加权计算并调整特殊模糊分值获得综合分值。其中,分值250分及以上为A类,150~249分为B类,低于149分则为C类。将模型应用于常见植物油,获得营养品质分类表。应用此模型将解决现有食用油脂价值评估体系中侧重于定性、特定油脂、特定成分的论述或评估,改变目前学界和产业缺乏科学、全面的不同油脂营养价值的普适性指标和量化对比的现状。     

电子舌对不同食用植物油区分识别研究

采用法国Alpha M.O.S公司生产的电势型味觉电子舌系统对20种不同品种、不同原料产地的食用植物油进行区分与识别,并对传感器阵列采集的食用植物油响应数据进行主成分分析和判别因子分析.结果表明:传感器阵列的选择与剔除由不同食用植物油样品和不同传感器响应能力决定,主成分分析和判别因子分析2种方法均能较好地对食用植物油样品进行分类识别,分析结果显示判别因子分析优于主成分分析.电子舌作为一种新型的现代检测技术在油脂品质定性定量检测与分析方面具有巨大的应用潜力.     

Pro-oxidant action of polar triglyceride oligopolymers in edible vegetable oils

The aim of the research was to evaluate the pro-oxidant action of oxidized triglyceride oliogopolymers, a class of oxidation compounds present in refined vegetable oils. Silica gel column chromatography was used to obtain the polar compounds from a thermally oxidized oil and preparative gel permeation chromatography to separate and collect the oxidized triglyceride oligopolymers. A purified oil that was practically free of oxidation and hydrolytic degradation products, pigments and anti-oxidants was prepared in the laboratory to evaluate pro-oxidant activity without interferences. Addition of percent amounts of oxidized triglyceride oligopolymers of 0.25 to 1.0% to both the purified and unpurified oils clearly evidenced the pro-oxidant activity of this class of compounds.     

Triglyceride species compositions of common edible vegetable oils and methods used for their identification and quantification

The chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and spectroscopic methods used for detection, identification, and quantification of the triglyceride (TG) species present in common edible vegetable oils are reviewed. The TG species identified in each kind of oil and their percentage distributions reported in literature are presented in tabular form. Data on oils from the following 10 sources are reviewed: corn, cottonseed, grapeseed, linseed, olive, palm, peanut, rapeseed, soybean, and sunflower. The number of TG species identified in these vegetable oils ranged from 20 (grapeseed oil (GR)) to 79 (peanut oil (PN)), with six (GR) to 13 (PN) different fatty acyl moieties contributing to their molecular structures. The quantitative levels reported ranged from traces (below 0.1%) to 49.7% (trilinolenin in linseed oil) and 54.6% (triolein in olive oil), respectively. The highest mean values (30-35%) correspond to four predominant TG species (dipalmitoylolein, trilinolein, trilinolenin, and triolein).     

填料塔在脱臭生产线上的应用——兼议FH脱色脱臭设备及工艺参数

概述油脂脱臭生产线上采用填料塔的情况，还对ＦＨ公司提供的脱色、脱臭装置及其操作参数作初步评议，文中提出主要操作条件及技术指标。     

食用植物油质量安全存在的隐患与对策

分析了目前我国食用植物油质量安全存在的隐患及原因,从油料作物的种植、储藏、加工运输、社会管理体系和消费者自我保护意识等方面详细探讨了我国食用植物油质量安全的对策.     

Sesame lignans enhance the thermal stability of edible vegetable oils

The effect of sesame lignans on the thermal and storage stability of edible vegetable oils (soybean-SBO, sunflower-SFO and ricebran-RBO) was studied by (i) determining the total free radical scavenging activity (RSA) using DPPH, (ii) % total tocol retention, (iii) lignan profile and (iv) PUFA composition. The order of RSA and retention of total tocols of oils heated up to 120 min at frying temperature (FT) were RBO = SBO > SFO and RBO > SBO > SFO, respectively. Heating SBO or SFO at FT after addition of 1.2% lignans increased RSA of SBO to a greater extent than that of SFO, and increased retention of total tocols only in SBO. However, addition of lignans did not further increase the RSA of RBO. Heating oils with added lignans, increased sesamol and decreased sesamolin while sesamin was relatively resistant to heat. These findings suggest that sesame lignans may have potential application as natural antioxidants in the edible oil and food industry.     

对国家发展食用植物油产业政策的几点学习体会

为促进我国食用植物油产业健康发展,保障供给安全,自2007年起,国家及有关部门制订出台了一系列促进油料生产和油脂工业发展的政策措施,诸如,国办发[2007]59号<国务院办公厅关于促进油料生产发展的意见>;国发[2008]36号<国务院关于促进食用植物油产业健康发展保障供给安全的意见>;2008年8月7日,国务院办公厅秘书局印发的关于<国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要(2008～2020年)>;2009年7月3日,国务院办公厅印发的关于<全国新增1 000亿斤粮食生产能力规划 (2009～2020年)的通知>(国办发[2009]47号)以及2008年8月,国家发展和改革委员会印发的关于<促进大豆加工业健康发展的指导意见>等一系列文件.     

食用植物油中游离棉酚测定方法的比较

食用植物油中游离棉酚测定方法有紫外分光光度法和苯胺法。通过对两种方法的比较得知:苯胺法虽操作较为繁琐,但检验结果准确,回收率达到83%～117%;紫外分光光度法虽是国家标准第一法,操作亦简单、快速,但测定结果偏高。建议首选苯胺法。     

几种常见食用植物油溶剂残留量检测和残留溶剂组分分析

检测了19批次常见食用植物油的溶剂残留量及其组成,结果显示,16批次的溶剂残留量符合国标(10 mg/kg);1批次压榨大豆油(12.8 mg/kg)和2批次压榨橄榄油(22.7~31.8 mg/kg)的溶剂残留量超标。食用浸出油和压榨油的溶剂组成相似:烷烃类主要包括(异)己烷、(异)庚烷和环己烷等,占总挥发性溶剂的5%~15%;非烷烃类主要包括(异)戊醛、己(烯)醛、己酸和戊(烯)醇等,占总挥发性溶剂的41%~79%。说明食用植物油特别是压榨油溶剂残留量超标更多是与非烷烃类物质相关,主要包括油脂在精炼、储存中自身生成的物质。     

生姜对几种食用植物油抗氧化效果试验研究

为寻求简易有效防止食用植物油氧化酸败的方法,在实验室条件下进行了生姜对几种食用植物油抗氧化效果试验。结果表明,生姜对食用植物油具有较好的抗氧化效果,添加1.0%的生姜能基本上稳定储油的品质而不酸败;且生姜无毒,取材易,方法简便,很适合城乡居民家庭储油保质的有效方法。     

Investigation by ICP-MS of trace element levels in vegetable edible oils produced in Spain

The content of trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, Tl and V) in edible oils (virgin olive, olive, pomace-olive, sunflower, soybean and corn) from Spain was determined, using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion, employing only nitric acid in this step. The method has been validated by using both an oil reference material and recovery experiments over different oil samples, obtaining satisfactory results in all cases. Inter-day repeatabilities lower than 10% were observed for all of the analysed elements in the different kinds of oil samples. Studying the content of trace elements, in order to detect tendencies in the samples of the same type of oil, principal components analysis was used. Promising groupings were observed using a model with two principal components and retaining 75.3% of the variance.     

水浴静置皂化法测定食用植物油中皂化值

通过水浴温度、皂化时间交叉试验,优化食用植物油中皂化值的检测方法。该方法的条件为水浴温度80℃、皂化时间1 h。结果表明,水浴静置皂化法相对误差为0.1%~0.6%、相对标准偏差为0.3%,均符合方法要求。该方法准确度好,操作简便,适合大批量植物油检测。     

市售食用植物油中矿物质元素含量的比较研究

采用微波消解处理,原子吸收光谱法测定食用植物油中Mg、K、Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mn含量.各待测元素的检出限依次为0.00280、0.0338、0.0523、0.00945、0.00539、0.00148、0.00289、0.0845、0.00516 μg/mL,加标回收率在96.6％ ～ 103.9％之间.购于自由市场植物油待测元素的含量之和,散装豆油为967.75 μg/mL和969.06μg/mL,瓶装豆油为847.52μg/mL,明显高于超市购置的豆油、花生油和葵花籽油,其中溶剂浸出油的金属总量低于压榨油.购于自由市场植物油金属元素总合量相似度大,与超市植物油间的相似度小,其Na/K范围为1.63 ～ 1.68,而购于大超市浸出豆油的Na/K最小为0.82,压榨油为1.11～1.56.本文可为植物油的鉴定和选择提供参考.     

Load of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible vegetable oils: importance of alkylated derivatives

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied in different samples of olive oil, extra virgin olive oil, and refined seed oils. A high number of PAHs have been found, with a wide range of molecular weights and in concentrations that are high or even very high compared with the data obtained by other authors, especially in the seed oils. Among the PAHs identified, more than half are alkylated compounds, which account for the major part of the total PAH concentration in some of the samples. The total PAH concentrations in olive oils and extra virgin olive oils are similar, but the former present a higher proportion of heavy PAHs than the latter. The seed oils, in general, have much higher concentrations than the different types of olive oil and their PAH profiles are different. One of the olive oil samples exhibited a PAH distribution similar to that observed in olive pomace oil, suggesting possible adulteration. These data reveal that, in some cases, PAH profile provides useful information in relation to the possible origin of the contamination. We also observed large differences in PAH distribution between oils with the same label but from different batches. PAHs with varying degrees of carcinogenicity have been identified in all the samples, including benzo[a]pyrene, although this PAH was identified neither in the extra virgin olive oils nor in two of the seed oil samples.     

Hydroxy isoflavones as antioxidants for edible oils

The antioxidant properties of some naturally occurring mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy isoflavones have been evaluated. Determination of induction periods in lard at 100°C showed that genistein and prunetin were active, and 4',6,7-trihydroxy-isoflavone marginally so, but the other isoflavones were inactive.Apigenin, the flavone analogue of genistein, was inactive but the activity of the other flavone examined, luteolin, was marked.Pronounced synergism was evident when genistein and 4',6,7-trihydroxy-isoflavone were supplemented with phosphatidyl ethanolamine.     

利用傅里叶近红外技术快速测定食用植物油的过氧化值

探讨应用傅里叶近红外光谱技术测定常用食用植物油(大豆油、花生油、葵花籽油)的过氧化值.结果表明:以一阶导数(DB1)结合单位长度归一化(Nle)后采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建模效果最好,定标集预测标准差(SEC)0.732,相关系数(Rc)0.995,验证集预测标准差(SEP)0.821,相关系数(Rv)0.995,表明利用近红外光谱技术能快速测定食用植物油的过氧化值.