支撑光学制造的几何量计量技术(英文)

几何量计量技术大量应用于光学制造业以检测零件质量和控制生产过程,是光学制造业的核心技术,涉及微纳米结构的几何量计量以及平面、球面、非球面、直纹曲面及自由曲面的面形计量.本文综述了德国联邦物理技术研究院支撑光学制造的部分计量技术.介绍了一种测量范围为25 mm×25 mm×5 mm的计量型大范围原子力显微镜(AFM),可灵活多样地测量各种微纳结构.介绍了一种新颖的AFM探针(ACP),可实现微纳结构侧壁形貌的直接、无损测量.介绍了一种应用Flared AFM探针的真三维AFM及其用于减少针尖磨损的矢量探测技术,可应用于各种纳米结构的真三维测量.介绍了可用于平面和中等曲面面形绝对测量的两种方法:差分型激光束偏转法和可溯源多路传感器法(TMS).讨论了面形测量中存在的挑战性难题.介绍了可用于面形测量的高精度三坐标测量机.     

A Roadmap for Thermal Metrology

A provisional roadmap for thermal metrology was developed in Spring 2006 as part of the EUROMET iMERA activity toward increasing impact from national investment in European metrology R&D. This consisted of two parts: one addressing the influence of thermal metrology on society, industry, and science, and the other specifying the requirements of enabling thermal metrology to serve future needs. The roadmap represents the shared vision of the EUROMET TC Therm committee as to how thermal metrology should develop to meet future requirements over the next 15 years. It is important to stress that these documents are a first attempt to roadmap the whole of thermal metrology and will certainly need regular review and revision to remain relevant and useful to the community they seek to serve. The first part of the roadmap, “Thermal metrology for society, industry, and science,” identifies the main social and economic triggers driving developments in thermal metrology—notably citizen safety and security, new production technologies, environment and global climate change, energy, and health. Stemming from these triggers, key targets are identified that require improved thermal measurements. The second part of the roadmap, “Enabling thermal metrology to serve future needs” identifies another set of triggers, like global trade and interoperability, future needs in transport, and the earth radiation budget. Stemming from these triggers, key targets are identified, such as improved realizations and dissemination of the SI unit the kelvin, anchoring the kelvin to the Boltzmann constant, k _B, and calculating thermal properties from first principles. To facilitate these outcomes, the roadmap identifies the technical advances required in thermal measurement standards.     

Statistical Tolerancing for Combinations of Coaxial Features and Clearance Fits

A method for statistically tolerancing the eccentricity of a mechanical assembly consisting of coaxial components has been developed. The method provides for a linear combination of variances of coaxial features within components and clearance fits between components. The resulting predicted tolerance of assembly eccentricity includes variation introduced by the manufacturing processes and by the assembly processes. Various conditions and the associated assumptions for both coaxial features and clearance fits are provided. Some application details are discussed.     

质量计量标准传递信息反馈系统

着重介绍建立质量标准传递信息反馈系统的必要性、实施步骤、测量过程参数的建立与控制方法。     

基于数字化设计制造协同的飞机计量保障体系架构探讨

在国家科技创新,数字化设计制造高速发展的背景下,先进的数字化制造与传统的"先制造后检测再校准"的计量保障模式的矛盾愈发突出。以几何参数的数字化计量保障能力为例,通过分析对比国内外航空数字化设计制造工程中的几何参数计量保障工作现状,提出在飞机全生命周期内要保证产品数字化制造的几何尺寸精度,应依据新的产品几何规范,从产品的数字模型定义出发,面向数字化设计制造协同的关键过程和关键参数的测量溯源性要求,研究架构新的数字化计量保障技术体系,并就体系架构展开探讨。     

The RGM data structure: a nominal interpretation of an acquired high point density model for automatic tolerance inspection

In a previous paper (Di Angelo, L., Di Stefano, P. and Morabito, A., 2011. Automatic evaluation of form errors in high-density acquired surfaces. International Journal of Production Research, 49 (7), 2061–2082) we proposed an original methodology for the automation of the geometric inspection, starting from an acquired high-density surface. That approach performed a recognition process on the acquired data aiming at the identification of some intrinsic nominal references. An intrinsic nominal reference was detected when a geometric property was recognised to be common to a set of adjacent points in the 3D data set representing the acquired object. The recognition of these properties was carried out based on some rules. Starting from these concepts, a new specification language was defined, which is based on recognisable geometric entities. This paper expands the category of intrinsic nominal references to include new mutual intrinsic orientation, location and dimensional properties pertaining to 3D features. This approach involves the automatic construction of a geometric reference model for a scanned workpiece, called recognised geometric model (RGM). The domain of the representable entities within the RGM strictly depends on the rules used for the recognition of the intrinsic properties. In particular, this paper focuses on the rules for the recognition of the orientation and location properties between non-ideal features. When using the RGM, tolerances are specified according to the set of available and recognisable intrinsic nominal references. Based on the geometric product specification, the RGM data structure can be queried to capture some quantitative information concerning special intrinsic geometric parameters and/or non-idealities.     

计量管理系统开发应用

本文介绍了运用SQL Server2000数据库和Visual Basic6．0编程语言开发计量管理体系程序的设计思路、主要功能模块和技术特点，并对该系统所具有的功能和特点进行了详细论述。     

构建符合企业实际需要的计量检验管理体系

文章将企业建立的计量检验管理体系进行了简单分类,指出了各类别企业可能采用的计量检验管理体系形式。文章对某大型企业集团建立计量检验管理体系的过程进行了实证介绍,归纳了构建符合企业实际的计量检验管理体系的主要活动。文章最后指出,"领导重视"、"贯彻测量管理体系国家标准"、"形成对其他管理体系的有效支撑"、"快速形成人力资本积累"、"信息化建设"、"风险控制子体系建设"、"企业子文化建设"、"有效的监管监督与考核评价"是构建符合企业实际的计量检验管理体系的8个要点。     

计量管理系统开发应用

本文介绍了运用SQL Server2000数据库和V isual Basic 6.0编程语言开发计量管理体系程序的设计思路、主要功能模块和技术特点,并对该系统所具有的功能和特点进行了详细论述。     

国防计量信息管理系统设计

结合现阶段国防计量的管理现状,从系统结构、组成部分、网络构成等方面提出了国防计量信息管理系统的设计方法,并对实现手段加以阐述.     

三维尺寸视觉测量系统

视觉测量技术是一种先进的非接触测量手段,具有系统组成灵活、工作空间大、精度合适、自动化程度高等特点,非常适合工业现场的在线测量与质量监控。本文分析视觉测量的原理及视觉测量系统的组成,研究了一个实际的视觉测量系统。     

计量科研用氦液化装置和回收系统

以中国计量科学研究院氦气液化装置和回收系统为例,阐述了其工作原理,并对氦气压缩机、冷箱、透平膨胀机等主要部件的构造进行了较为详细的描述,最后给出了该装置及回收系统所能达到的预期技术指标,通过该装置和系统的介绍,以期能对类似装置和回收系统的设计和选型提供一定的参考。     

计量测试管理系统网站设计

分析了计量测试管理系统信息化的必要性,并对其需求进行了分析;介绍了利用ASP提供的内建对象与VBScript语言进行计量测试管理系统网站设计的方法.     

浅谈装备计量保障

介绍了计量保障的概念及新时期实施装备计量保障的政策导向；介绍了GJB5109-2004的要点；分析了新标准颁布实施后，将给承制方(供应商)带来的各种机遇和挑战。     

Statistical Analysis of Geometrical Tolerances: A Case Study

Tolerancing is one of the most important but complex activities in design. Tolerance information takes place at every phase of design activity. It represents the fundamental link between the theoretical model of the mechanical product and the actual one. During the two previous decades, engineering projects and scientific researches demonstrated that ongoing miniaturization increased the influence of geometric tolerances. They also admit that mass production is mainly based on statistical techniques. On the other hand, the decomposition of the global tolerancing process into functional-level, assembly-level, part-level, and manufacturing-level, reduces dramatically the domain of the solution. In this paper, the global tolerancing process is described and a novel method for statistical analysis of geometrical tolerances is discussed. Then the statistical approach is introduced and its performance is evaluated on a best case study. The analysis of the technical drawing of a part is given in order to highlight the advantages of the statistical approach.     

带有余弦函数的三维混沌弱信号检测系统及电路实现

从理论上分析了二维Duffing弱信号检测系统变量输出在混沌和周期态之间交替转换。发现一种新的三维混沌弱信号检测系统生成规则,以生成4种检测系统之一的三维Liu-cos混沌系统为例,采用傅里叶变换等方法从理论上验证了新生成的三维混沌弱信号检测系统输出信号具有广域收敛性,解决了二维Duffing混沌弱信号检测系统不能广域检测和输出信号不收敛问题;新设计的三维Liu-cos混沌弱信号检测电路空中声波实验显示可抗低频声波干扰,检测性能优于二维Duffing混沌电路和新设计的Duffing＋滤波器电路,水中实验显示三维Liu-cos混沌弱信号检测电路可抗高频水声干扰,可检测波形畸变的水声信号。