基于双磁介质层复合的超材料低频吸波体研究

本研究将磁性吸波涂层融入至超材料的结构设计中,得到了一种新型低频复合超材料吸波体,吸波体由环形电阻膜、双层磁性吸波涂层和金属背板组成。采用CST仿真软件计算了超材料吸波体的吸收性能,研究了吸波体各个结构参数对吸收性能的影响。仿真结果表明,设计的超材料吸波体厚度为2.5 mm时,在1.9和4 GHz处存在2个吸收峰,在1.59～6.59GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-8dB,吸收带宽达到5GHz。通过吸波体电磁场分布对吸波机理进行了讨论。结果表明,吸波体低频吸收带宽的增加是由于表面的电阻膜图案改变了超材料吸波体的电场分布和磁场分布,促进了磁介质层的损耗。最后制备了吸波体样品并进行了反射率测试,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,说明设计制备的吸波体具有优异的低频吸波性能,吸波带宽相比磁性吸波涂层大幅提高。     

Ni0.4Zn0.2Mn0.4Ce0.06Fe1.94O4表面原位构筑纳米羰基铁的可控制备及吸波性能研究

采用MOCVD工艺在微米级Ni_0.4Zn_0.2Mn_0.4Ce_0.06Fe_1.94O₄(NZMCF)表面原位生长了纳米级羰基铁(CI)壳层,通过控制沉积温度,调控核壳形貌和吸波性能,得到了具有核壳结构的NZMCF -CI复合吸波剂,利用XRD、SEM、EDS及VNA等分析手段,重点研究了沉积温度对NZMCF -CI核壳粉体微观形貌、晶体结构、电磁参数及吸波性能的影响。结果表明：通过调节沉积温度,可以有效调控核壳粉体的形貌,进而调控吸波性能。沉积温度为220 ℃,NZMCF-CI核壳粉体具有最佳的形貌及吸波性能。利用测得的同轴环样品的电磁参数,计算出NZMCF -CI涂层在厚度为1.8 mm时,反射率最小值为-39.9 dB,小于-10 dB的吸波带宽为14.2 GHz(3.8~18 GHz)。涂层厚度为0.8~2.6mm时,在3.2~ 18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-20 dB,在2.5~18 GHz均能实现最小反射率低于-10 dB。仅需要调整厚度,即可以实现2~18 GHz内良好的吸波效果。     

CoCrNiAlY涂层制备工艺对组织形态及高温氧化行为的影响

为了研究CoCrNiAlY涂层微观组织结构对高温氧化行为和剥落行为的影响规律,采用激光熔覆技术和等离子喷涂工艺在718高温合金表面制备CoCrNiAlY涂层,观察其微观组织形态。利用XRD和SEM对1150 ℃高温氧化试验样品进行氧化层物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层中形成了胞状亚结构的等轴晶凝固组织,相对于等离子喷涂制备的CoCrNiAlY涂层结构更致密,具有更优异的抗高温氧化性能。在高温氧化过程中,等离子喷涂CoCrNiAlY涂层生成了以Cr₂O₃结构为主的复合氧化膜。激光熔覆CoCrNiAlY涂层生成Al₂O₃结构的单一氧化膜,而且熔覆层中原位形成的Y₂O₃钉扎作用能有效提高氧化膜的抗剥落性。文中系统分析讨论了两种不同工艺制备的组织形态对高温氧化膜形成机制的影响,激光熔覆涂层在高温下主要是以界面扩散方式形成致密的Al₂O₃膜,等离子喷涂涂层在高温下以界面反应的方式快速形成Cr₂O₃复合氧化膜。     

γ-TiAl合金表面Al2O3/Al复合涂层的抗高温熔盐腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术于γ-TiAl合金表面制备Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层。在850 °C下、 100 wt.% Na₂SO₄熔盐中观测Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的高温腐蚀行为。结果表明,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层具备由Al₂O₃表层、富Al中间层以及互扩散层组成的梯度结构,因而有效地提高了基体γ-TiAl合金的抗高温腐蚀性能。在腐蚀实验后,涂层试样表面相结构为Al₂O₃,TiO₂和TiAl₃。致密的Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层有效地抑制了O_2-,S_-和Na₊对基体γ-TiAl合金的侵蚀。并且,Al₂O₃/Al复合涂层的梯度结构亦使其表现出了优异的抗开裂和抗剥落性能。     

FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂复合材料界面设计及其吸波性能

针对FeCuNbSiB非晶带材与环氧树脂基体不浸润的难题,本文通过表面化学改性,在FeCuNbSiB非晶带材两面分别生成一层厚度5μm~10μm、相结构为Cu_0.75Fe_2.25O₄和Fe₃O₄的界面层。界面层与带材结合强度高,与环氧树脂浸润性好;以FeCuNbSiB非晶带材为增强材料,同时按FSS网络设计的FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂铺层在13-18GHz频带出现R=-5dB~-10dB的吸收峰。增加铺层数,吸收峰值不变,但吸收峰频带往低频率方向移动。利用此特性可以修正其它复合材料的雷达波吸波特性,拓宽吸收频带,增加吸波性能。     

Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al2O3-Cr2O3 Coatings with Different Contents of Cr2O3EI北大核心CSCD

Cr₂O₃对 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层与高硬度陶瓷接触时的摩擦磨损行为及磨损机制的影响尚未揭示。采用大气等离子喷涂的方法制备 Cr₂O₃含量不同的 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃复合涂层以研究 Cr₂O₃的影响机制。试验结果表明：Cr₂O₃明显减少了涂层的微观孔隙;复合涂层中 α-Al₂O₃ / γ-Al₂O₃的相对含量比明显高于 Al₂O₃ 层中的 37%;Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃涂层的硬度与 Al₂O₃涂层相比提高了 48%,断裂韧性是 Al₂O₃涂层的 2 倍多;当载荷为 5 N、10 N 和 15 N 时,Al₂O₃-40%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率依次降低 60%、85% 和 79%。但是当载荷为 20 N 时,Al₂O₃-20%Cr₂O₃复合涂层的摩擦因数最低,磨损率降低了 50%。微观脆性断裂是涂层的主要磨损机制。复合涂层耐滑动磨损性能与 Cr₂O₃含量及磨损条件是密切相关的。微观结构、硬度、断裂韧性、导热系数等是影响 Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ 复合涂层耐磨损性能的重要因素。研究结果可为高耐磨性 Al₂O₃基涂层的设计和应用提供指导。     

AISI430铁素体不锈钢表面制备MnCo2O4涂层特性及内应力研究

为了探究MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层作为固体氧化物燃料电池的金属连接体表面涂层的性能,使用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纯净的前驱体粉末,再使用电泳沉积方法制备出致密的MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层,利用SEM、EDS和XRD等表征手段观察分析MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层的相结构和微观组织形貌。采用“四探针法”测量MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层800℃氧化200h前后的面比电阻使用拉拔法完成不同界面粗糙度下的涂层结合强度测试,并用有限元仿真加以验证。结果显示,MnCo₂O₄尖晶石涂层结构均匀,致密度较好。相较于AISI430不锈钢基体来说,在800℃空气中氧化200h,抗氧化性提高了接近3倍。且中温面比电阻小于SOFC金属连接体规定的极限值。此外,基体表面粗糙度可以有效的增加涂层与基体的机械咬合作用,但同时也会导致应力集中,出现缺陷,从而降低了结合强度。     

粉末包埋渗铝与气氛渗铝对P92钢650℃饱和蒸汽氧化行为的影响

表面渗铝技术可以在不改变基体材料力学性能的基础上显著提高基体的抗高温蒸汽氧化性能。 利用低温粉末包埋和气氛渗铝两种方法在 P92 钢表面制备了铝化物涂层,并结合氧化增重法、扫描电镜观察及 XRD 分析,研究了两种工艺下铝化物涂层的 650 ℃饱和蒸汽氧化行为。 结果表明:P92 钢抗氧化能力不足,生成了由外层疏松层瘤状富铁氧化物与表面氧化膜下方内氧化物 FeCr₂O₄ 组成的双层结构氧化膜,外层富铁氧化膜在氧化 300 h 后发生剥落;低温包埋渗铝所得涂层为 β-FeAl 层,氧化 500 h 后试样表面形成极薄的保护性 α-Al₂O₃ 氧化膜(<0. 2 μm);气氛渗铝涂层为单层 Fe₃Al 结构,氧化 500 h 后试样外表面形成了 Fe₃O₄₊Fe₂O₃ 氧化膜,厚度为 1. 3 μm,靠近涂层表面生成单层连续 Al₂O₃ 氧化膜。 采用低温包埋和气氛渗铝均可提升 P92 钢的抗蒸汽氧化能力。     

羰基铁粉复合多孔吸波涂层的优化设计

目的 解决吸波剂羰基铁粉颗粒(CIP)构成的吸波涂层存在密度较大、涂层厚度过大的问题.方法 利用三维多孔结构降低复合吸波涂层的密度并改善阻抗失配,从而构筑轻质宽频羰基铁粉复合吸波涂层.利用有限元分析软件建立了羰基铁粉/石蜡复合多孔吸波涂层的仿真模型,通过仿真研究了三维多孔结构的孔隙率、孔径和孔隙分布方式对复合吸波涂层性能(最小反射损耗、有效吸收带宽、峰值吸收频率和密度)的影响规律,揭示了羰基铁粉多孔结构的吸波机理,并确定了具有最佳综合性能的羰基铁粉三维多孔复合吸波涂层的结构参数.结果 随着孔隙率的增加,涂层密度减小且峰值吸收频率向高频移动;而随着孔径的减小,涂层除峰值吸收频率向高频移动外,最小反射损耗和有效吸收带宽分别呈减低和增加的趋势,吸波性能得到有效改善.孔隙分布方面,在随机、有序、梯度递减和梯度递增4种分布方式中,梯度递减分布表现出最佳的吸波性能.相较于无孔结构,羰基铁粉质量分数为75％、孔隙率为16％、孔径为0.325 mm、孔隙呈梯度递减分布的三维多孔涂层,其有效吸收带宽(RL<–10 dB)拓展了49.3％(从4.10 GHz增加到6.12 GHz),密度降低了4％(从2.71 g/cm3降低到2.6 g/cm3),而最小反射损耗仅仅损失0.7％.结论 多孔结构的引入可以实现羰基铁粉涂层轻质、宽频吸波的目的.     

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3热障涂层的制备及抗热震性能研究

本文以BaCO₃、MgO、Ta₂O₅为原料,采用固相反应法合成了Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃(简称BMT)陶瓷粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了BMT/YSZ双层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和金相显微镜检测了BMT粉体及涂层的物相组成和显微结构。采用水淬法考核了涂层的抗热震性能。结果表明：1450℃下煅烧4h可合成出具有复合钙钛矿结构的BMT粉末,粉末具有良好的高温相结构稳定性。等离子喷涂制备的BMT/YSZ涂层组织致密,涂层系统中各界面结合紧密。涂层在室温至1150℃间热震9次后发生片状剥落,剥落位置位于BMT层间,BMT材料低的断裂韧性和第二相Ba₃Ta₅O₁₅的存在是导致涂层失效的主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.