纳米SrFe12O19磁性能对NiTi合金、316L不锈钢血液相容性的影响

用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米SrFe12O19磁性粉末,并用磁强计检测SrFe12O19粉末的磁性能,在NiTi合金、316L不锈钢表面用溶胶凝胶法制备含SrFe12O19磁性粉末的TiO2薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪分析薄膜成分.测试不同层数薄膜的微磁场强度,并对这些薄膜测定动态凝血时间和溶血率,以研究不同的表面微磁场强度对材料血液相容性的影响.结果表明:材料表面的微磁场强度愈高,材料血液相容性愈好.     

二元胶体晶体及二氧化硅复杂有序介孔膜的制备

采用模板辅助电场诱导沉积和加速蒸发诱导共沉积两种方法,用聚苯乙烯微球制备了高度有序的二元胶体晶体结构.通过溶胶凝胶法填充这些模板结构,并经过热处理后获得具有复杂有序多孔结构的二氧化硅薄膜.SEM结果表明,所得薄膜较好地复制了胶体晶体模板的结构,薄膜孔径与微球直径相比有一定程度的收缩.与普通多孔膜相比,这种有序多孔膜具有更复杂的结构以及更高的比表面积,在分离提纯、催化剂及光子带隙材料等领域具有一定的应用前景.     

PEG模板组装纳米TiO2多孔薄膜的制备

以钛酸丁酯为无机原料,加入高分子表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG)作模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和浸渍-提拉技术在玻璃基片上制备了孔径在10 nm～1 000 nm范围内可调的纳米TiO2多孔薄膜.通过SEM,AFM,UV-VIS和N2吸附等测试手段对薄膜的多孔结构进行了表征.结果表明,通过调节溶胶中PEG的分子量和浓度,可以控制薄膜中孔的孔径及孔分布密度,有效提高薄膜的比表面积.此外还考察了提拉速度和焙烧制度对薄膜多孔结构的影响.     

聚苯乙烯微球和无机多孔膜的制备

用分散聚合法合成单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体球(粒径约300nm～1.6μm),用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测所得产物,研究了单体苯乙烯、分散稳定剂聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)和引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)用量的改变对胶体球粒径的影响,结果表明随着单体和引发剂用量的增加,PS微球的粒径增大;随着分散稳定剂用量的增加,PS微球的粒径减小.以所得PS球自聚集成的胶体晶体或薄膜为模板,在球间隙中渗入无机SiO2溶胶-凝胶,再除去PS球,得到多孔膜.     

模板法制备结构可控纳米材料的研究进展

综述了模板法制备结构可控纳米材料的研究进展,讨论了模板法可控制备纳米材料的原理及高度有序自组装的纳米多孔Al2O3模板的形成机理。重点介绍了纳米材料的可控制备方法,主要包括纳米多孔Al2O3模板法、聚合物模板法和生物模板法。其中纳米多孔Al2O3模板法又分为电化学纳米多孔Al2O3模板合成法和电化学诱导的溶胶-凝胶方法等。根据材料的物化性能,选用适合的模板,采用合理的工艺路线,可以制备出结构可控的纳米材料。     

阴离子对纳米SrFe12O19形貌及性能的影响

为了制备出形貌各异且磁性能好的SrFe12O19,首先采用正交实验设计,考察了pH值、用水量、柠檬酸用量、煅烧时间、煅烧温度对粒子性能的影响.得出柠檬酸法制备分散均匀、粒度较小的球状纳米SrFe12O19的最佳工艺条件,在此条件下,煅烧时按干凝胶与无机模板剂的质量比为1:3加入KCl﹑KBr﹑KI后,分别制得了针状﹑棒状﹑空心球形状的纳米SrFe12O19,与不加无机模板剂制得的球形相比,形貌发生极大的变化.利用IR、TEM﹑XRD和VSM等测试手段对煅烧后的纳米SrFe12O19进行表征,分析了煅烧过程中不同阴离子的加入对最终SrFe12O19粒度、形貌、物相和磁性的影响.并就阴离子对形貌的影响机制作了初步探究.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO多孔薄膜

以聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)为模板剂,醋酸锌(Zn(Ac)2·2H2O)为原料,二乙醇胺为络合剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备了纳米ZnO多孔薄膜.利用SEM,IR,TG-DTA等对薄膜的特性进行了表征;探讨了样品在溶胶-凝胶及煅烧过程中的物理化学变化;讨论了Zn的浓度、PEG加入量、热处理等对薄膜性能的影响.结果表明,当Zn的浓度为0.6 mol/L,加入0.5 g PEG2000,将溶胶50℃水浴以及在合适的热处理条件下,最终可制得具有一定多孔结构的ZnO薄膜.     

NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜的制备与性能研究

以异丙醇铝和硝酸镍为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢表面制备了NiO-Al2O3太阳能选择性吸收薄膜,表征了薄膜的结构和表面形貌,研究了提拉速度、溶胶中NiO的含量、热处理温度对薄膜光谱选择性吸收性能的影响,初步探讨了SiO2减反层对Ni0-Al2O3薄膜选择性吸收性能的影响.结果表明:提拉速度为1 mm/s,NiO质...     

不同溶胶-凝胶镀膜技术制备的电致变色WO3薄膜的影响

研究了不同溶胶-凝胶镀膜技术对电致变色WO3薄膜的影响.采用过氧化聚钨酸法配制溶胶,然后通过脉冲电泳沉积和浸渍提拉两种镀膜技术在ITO导电玻璃基底上分别制备WO3薄膜,对比研究了薄膜的微观形貌、结构、光学和电化学性能.结果表明,两种镀膜技术制备的薄膜均为非晶态且厚度相近,约为252 nm;在可见光范围内,脉冲电泳沉积制备的薄膜的光学调制幅度可达80％,比浸渍提拉制备的薄膜高25％;与浸渍提拉法相比,脉冲电泳沉积制备的薄膜具有更高的电化学活性、更快的响应时间和相对低的循环可逆性.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备低折射率和低介电常数介孔二氧化硅薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA)工艺制备了二氧化硅透明有序介孔薄膜.以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源前驱体,基片采用双面抛光的硅片,利用提拉法制备薄膜.经过表面修饰剂六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)修饰后,薄膜具有疏水性能,而且薄膜的二氧化硅骨架结构更稳定.由椭偏仪测得热处理后的薄膜的折射率低至1.18,而薄膜的介电常数为2.14.     

Sol–gel derived films in meso-porous matrices: porous silicon,anodic alumina and artificial opals

Processing of the sol–gel derived films doped with the lanthanides onto generally available microelectronic materials-like porous silicon (po-Si) and porous anodic alumina is considered as a low-cost method of fabricating the thin luminescent films. The origin of 1.53 μm emission from Er-doped xerogels fabricated onto micro-, meso- and macro-porous silicon is discussed. Further, porous anodic alumina, exhibiting regular pore morphology was shown to be an effective template for fabricating the luminescent xerogels. Finally, application of sol–gel process for synthesis the 3D colloidal photonic crystals is discussed.     

乳液模板法制备硅基蜂窝状结构超疏水薄膜及薄膜表征

采用硅溶胶和聚合物乳液混合的方法制得含硅聚合物杂化乳液,然后通过简单的浸渍提拉法在玻璃基片上获得薄膜,薄膜经热处理后,在乙醇中经三甲基氯硅烷修饰,获得了超疏水性能.根据薄膜的表面形貌及其与水的宏观接触角,研究了苯乙烯单体加入量和SiO2溶胶/PS乳液体积比对薄膜疏水性能的影响,并分析了薄膜超疏水的原因.结果表明:热处理...     

SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜的制备及性能研究

目的 在获得光伏/光热用SiO2减反膜高透过率的同时,提高其抗划伤性能和耐候性。方法 以聚丙烯酸（PAA, Mw~3000）为模板制备具有核壳结构的SiO2,离心水洗去除PAA模板,形成SiO2空心球,接着将空心球分散于无水乙醇中形成溶胶,然后将该溶胶与酸催化溶胶混合,形成复合溶胶,最后经浸渍提拉成膜、烧结后,在载玻片上制得SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜。用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别表征了空心球的微观结构和减反膜的表面形貌,利用紫外-可见分光光度计测试了减反膜的透过率,采用铅笔硬度测试和耐湿热测试（HAST）试验,分别检测了减反膜的抗划伤性能和耐候性。结果 TEM测试结果显示,制备的SiO2空心球结构完整,壁厚均匀。SEM图显示减反膜表面平坦。当SiO2空心球溶胶与酸催化溶胶的用量比例为9∶1时,减反膜透过率的峰值为98.1%,抗划伤硬度为5 H,经HAST试验后,其透过率为初始值的98.1%。结论 用离心水洗法去除PAA模板制备的空心球比烧结去除模板法的空心占比高,与酸催化溶胶混合后制得的SiO2空心球减反膜空隙率高、折射率低,从而其透过率得到提高。同时,减反膜闭孔结构使其表面致密平整,比开孔结构减反膜具有更高的抗划伤性能和耐候性,在户外太阳能光伏/光热玻璃表面减反方面具有重要的应用价值。     

微波LTCC环行器用热压烧结SrFe12O19铁氧体的低温烧结特性

为了与低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）技术兼容,本文采用热压烧结工艺在870 °C制备了添加不同Bi2O3含量的SrFe12O19铁氧体材料,着重研究了材料的晶相组成、烧结密度、气孔率和磁性能等低温烧结特性。研究结果表明,材料在870 °C烧结时,Bi2O3的添加促进了SrFe12O19晶相结构的形成,提高了材料的烧结致密度和磁性能。当Bi2O3的添加量为2～4 wt %,材料可以获得致密的结构,烧结密度达到4.65 g?cm-3以上,气孔率低于10%,材料的饱和磁化强度Ms和内禀矫顽力Hci较高,分别达到252.4 kA?m-1和312.9 kA?m-1以上。此外,基于SrFe12O19材料的低温烧结特性讨论了该材料在微波LTCC环行器当中的应用。     

Self-assembly of polystyrene sphere colloidal crystals by in situ solvent evaporation method

The three-dimensional (3D) ordered colloidal crystals were fabricated on the surface of polystyrene (PS) emulsion through an in situ solvent evaporation, which was controlled by altering both emulsion temperature and environmental pressure. The evaporation rate serves as an important role in intensifying the sphere transfer through solution flux and the capillary force between spheres for assembly, as well as supporting a stable close packing of colloidal crystals. The self-assembly process behaves a multi-nucleus site evolution, and the plane packing undergoes a transformation from square to hexagonal arrangement. The colloidal crystal array achieves an ordered close packing with multi-layer structure at evaporation temperature of 50 °C at normal pressure or proper pressure range of 160–500 mmHg at room temperature. The in situ solvent evaporation by decreasing the environmental pressure at room temperature could reduce disturbing effect of Brownian diffusion for an ordered PS colloidal crystal arrangement. The relationship between layer thickness and in situ evaporation time is a linear trend in time range of 20–75 min.     

Design of a highly ordered and uniform porous structure with multisized pores in film and particle forms using a template-driven self-assembly technique

A highly ordered arrangement of pores with multiple sizes in film and particle forms was successfully prepared using the dip-coating and spray-drying methods, respectively. The template-driven self-assembly technique was effective when a combination of 5 nm silica (as a model of an inorganic nanoparticle) and two different sizes of monodispersed polystyrene (PS) spheres (as models of the template) were self-assembled to produce a composite silica/PS template. Heat treatment was then used to remove the PS, which produced the porous particle. A material with spherical pores in an “art-design” organization was produced. The size of the pores (large pore: 100–1000 nm; small pore: 30–200 nm) could be controlled simply by adjusting the PS size. Sufficient numbers of large/small pores made it possible to produce a material of ultralow density with an ultralow refractive index, because the multiple pores allocated free space, all of which was confirmed by calculation.     

Applications of porous silicon thin films in solar cells and biosensors

An overview of the applications of porous silicon (PS) thin films, as antireflection coatings (ARC) in silicon solar cells and transducers in biosensors, is presented. The reflectance spectra of PS films have been compared with other conventional ARCs (such as SiN_x TiO₂/MgF₂ and ZnS), and optimal PS ARC with minimum reflectance has been obtained. The implementation of PS into an industrially compatible screen-printed (SP) solar cell by both the electrochemical etching (ECE) and chemical etching (CE) methods are reviewed. Porous silicon films, formed via ECE for short anodization times, on textured n⁺ emitter ofc-Si solar cell having SP front and back contacts, lead to improvements in the performance of solar cells and demonstrate their viability in industrial applications.     

Study on healthcare magnetic concrete

Magnetic concrete was prepared by adding SrFe12O9 magnetic functional elementary material into concrete, and its magnetism was charged by magnetizing machine. The effect of SrFe12O9 content on magnetic field intensity and the attenuation of magnetic field intensity were investigated in different medium. The blood viscosity of rats kept in magnetic concrete was carried out. The results show that magnetic concrete can be prepared by adding SrFe12O9, and magnetic fields intensity increases with the augment of ferrite content. The attenuation of magnetic fields is mainly related with the density of medium, but it is secondary to the properties of medium. The blood viscosity of rats decreases under magnetic condition, but the blood cells remain the same as before. Experimental results support that magnetic concrete has great healthcare function.     

Effect of porous silicon layer on the performance of Si/oxide photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells

Photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical systems were prepared by the formation of a thin porous film on silicon. The porous silicon layer was formed on the top of a clean oxide free silicon wafer surface by anodic etching in HF/H₂O/C₂H₅OH mixture (2:1:1). The silicon was then covered by an oxide film (tin oxide, ITO or titanium oxide). The oxide films were prepared by the spray/pyrolysis technique which enables doping of the oxide film by different atoms like In, Ru or Sb during the spray process. Doping of SnO₂ or TiO₂ films with Ru atoms improves the surface characteristics of the oxide film which improves the solar conversion efficiency.The prepared solar cells are stable against environmental attack due to the presence of the stable oxide film. It gives relatively high short circuit currents (I_sc), due to the presence of the porous silicon layer, which leads to the recorded high conversion efficiency. Although the open-circuit potential (V_oc) and fill factor (FF) were not affected by the thickness of the porous silicon film, the short circuit current was found to be sensitive to this thickness. An optimum thickness of the porous film and also the oxide layer is required to optimize the solar cell efficiency. The results represent a promising system for the application of porous silicon layers in solar energy converters. The use of porous silicon instead of silicon single crystals in solar cell fabrication and the optimization of the solar conversion efficiency will lead to the reduction of the cost as an important factor and also the increase of the solar cell efficiency making use of the large area of the porous structures.